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Fetal Head Compression: Its Possible Role in Neurologic Injury

Open journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 124-143页

作者： Barry s. schifrin Brian j. Koos Wayne R. Cohen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Western University of Health Sciences Pomona USA The David Geffen school of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson USA

It is widely assumed that fetal ischemic brain injury during labor derives almost exclusively from severe, systemic hypoxemia with marked neonatal depression and acidemia. severe asphyxia, however, is one of several causes of perinatal neurological injury and may not be the most common;most neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy do not have evidence of severe asphyxia. sepsis, direct brain trauma, and drug or toxin exposure account for some cases, while mechanical forces of labor and delivery that increase fetal intracranial pressure sufficiently to impair brain perfusion may also contribute. Because of bony compliance and mobile suture lines, the fetal skull changes shape and redistributes cerebrospinal fluid during labor according to constraints imposed by contractions, and bony and soft tissue elements of the birth canal as the head descends. These accommodations, including the increase in intracranial pressure, are adaptive and necessary for efficient descent of the head while safeguarding cerebral blood flow. Autonomic reflexes mediated through central receptors normally provide ample protection of the brain from the considerable pressure exerted on the skull. On occasion, those forces, which are transmitted intracranially, may overcome the various adaptive anatomical, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological mechanisms that maintain cerebral perfusion and oxygen availability, resulting in ischemic brain injury. Accepting the notion of a potentially adverse impact of fetal head compression suggests that avoidance of excessive uterine activity and of relentless pushing without steady progress in descent may offer protection for the fetal brain during parturition. Excessive head compression should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic encephalopathy.

关键词： Fetal Brain Injury Fetal Head Compression Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonatal Encephalopathy

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Laparoscopic management of remnant gall bladder with stones: Lessons from a tertiary care centre's experience

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic surgery 2024年第1期7卷 27-33页

作者： Gilbert samuel jebakumar jeevanandham Muthiah Loganathan jayapal R.santhosh Kumar siddhesh Tasgaonkar K.s.santhosh Anand j.K.A.jameel sudeepta Kumar swain K.j.Raghunath Prasanna Kumar Reddy Tirupporur Govindaswamy Balachandar Department of surgical Gastroenterology Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of General surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of Minimal Access surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India

Objective:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstone *** its success,approximately 10%of patients may experience persistent biliary symptoms,leading to the post-cholecystectomy syndrome.A remnant gallbladder with cystic duct or bile duct stones is one of the causes of this *** objective of this study was to shed light on the clinical manifestations,evaluation,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes associated with laparoscopic management of symptomatic remnant ***:This was a retrospective study,conducted over a five-year period(january 2017 to December 2022)at Apollo Hospitals in south *** patients who underwent laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for a remnant gall bladder were *** following data were collected:patient demographics,symptoms,preoperative investigations,intraoperative details and post operative ***:In total,36 patients were included and *** majority of patients were male(25,69.4%),with a mean age of 50.7±12.1 *** most common presentation was pain in the upper abdomen or right upper quadrant region(24,66.7%).The laparoscopic approach was attempted in all patients,with a success rate of 94.4%.Two patients required conversion to open *** fistula to the colon was observed in one *** was observed in 7 patients(19.4%),and stone clearance was successfully achieved using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in all patients ***:Incomplete gall bladder removal either intentionally or unintentionally leaves a remnant gall bladder that is at risk for stone formation and *** who have this clinical entity with symptoms require a redo or complete cholecystectomy,a complex procedure associated with certain *** study highlights the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for the management of remnant gallbladder

关键词： Remnant gall bladder stump cholecystitis subtotal cholecystectomy Laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy

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Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for T-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： Michael Hiltensperger jürgen Ruland Kilian schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 The identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered T cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential

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QCD sum rule study of j^(P)=1^(±)exotic states with two heavy quarks in the molecular picture

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 31-37页

作者： T.M.Aliev s.Bilmis M.savcı Department of Physics Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara06800Turkey TUBITAK ULAKBIM Ankara06510Turkey

In this study,the spectroscopic parameters of exotic molecular states composed of mesons containing two heavy quarks(scalar-axial and pseudoscalar-axial meson combinations)are investigated within the QCD sum *** findings reveal that molecular states containing charm quarks do not form bound states,whereas states with b-quarks can form exotic molecular *** observation has significant implications for understanding the structure of these exotic states.

关键词： QCD sum rules exotic mesons molecular states

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Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.) in Namibia

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Avian Research 2024年第3期 336-344页

作者： Michael s.Lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz Fernando sequeira susana Lopes Adrian j.F.K.Craig Vanessa A.Mata Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Department of Wildlife Management and Tourism studies University of Namibia Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do Porto CIBIO Centro de Investiga??o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos In BIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vair?o BIOPOLIs Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIOCampus de Vair?o

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa, oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic relationships. Due to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit, the type of symbiotic relationship can be variable. In addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks, oxpeckers frequently feed on blood, mucus, and saliva, inflicting potential damage on the host. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker(Buphagus africanus) and Red-billed Oxpecker(B. erythrorhynchus) in northeastern Namibia. In contrast to conventional methods, DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same samples. With this information, we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities, as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod species. Our findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals, ticks, and flies; however, ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an individual. We observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology, which is strongly correlated with locality and, to a lesser extent, with the mammal host. We noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods, with 32% of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal hosts. This study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds, shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

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study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Titanium in Volume by the MEAM Method

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Modeling and Numerical simulation of Material science 2024年第1期14卷 58-68页

作者： Yahnn j. Mighensle Mimboui Alain s. Dzabana Honguelet Timothée Nsongo Faculty of science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Research Group on Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials Brazzaville Congo Association Alpha sciences Beta Technologies Brazzaville Congo Geological and Mining Research Centre Brazzaville Congo

In this work we present the results of our study on the physical and mechanical properties of titanium in volume. The work consisted in determining its physical and mechanical properties under different crystallographic structures (HCP, FCC, BCC and sC) using the Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) and the MEAM potential of titanium. We used the LAMMPs calculation code, based on classical molecular dynamics, to determine the most stable structure of titanium, which is the hexagonal compact structure (HCP) with crystal parameters a = 2.952 Å and c = 4.821 Å and a cohesion energy of -4.87 eV. This structure is seconded by the cubic centred structure (BCC) with a lattice parameter a = 3.274 Å and a cohesive energy of -4.84 eV. It was shown that titanium can crystallise into a third structure which is the face-centred cubic (FCC) structure with a lattice parameter a = 4.143 Å and a cohesive energy of -4.82 eV. The results obtained in this study were compared with the theoretical results and showed considerable agreement.

关键词： MEAM Potential LAMMPs Code Molecular Dynamics Elastic Constants Modules Ovito

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Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1073-1089页

作者： Francisco j.Escaray Amelia Felipo-Benavent Cristian j.Antonelli Begona Balaguer Maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa Pablo Vera Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.l.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8Eacceso GIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022ValenciaSpain

The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species,including high-value *** polyxenous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability to perceive host signals in its *** this study,we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathyris are a source of susceptibility factors required by *** to cause ***,poor-in-latex(pil)mutants,which lack laticifer cells,show full resistance to this pathogen,whereas lot-of-latex mutants,which produce more laticifer cells,are *** s factors are triterpenoid saponins,which are widely distributed natural products of vast structural *** downregulation of laticifer-specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes,which encode the first committed step enzymes for triterpene and,therefore,saponin biosynthesis,conferred disease resistance to ***,the Medicago truncatula Iha-1 mutant,compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis,showed enhanced ***,the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically complemented the diseaseresistant phenotype ofpil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in different plant *** found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in ***,leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy,culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions,the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in *** together,these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factors to promote *** pathogenicity.

关键词： Euphorbia lathyris laticifer cell latex appressorium infection cushion necrotrophic fungi

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Ibuprofen-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis:A Case Report

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International journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第2期7卷 108-110页

作者： Nevin Kannappilly Mohamed Z.Peediyakkal Mohamad Y.Khatib Dore C.Ananthegowda Moustafa s.Elshafei Hani El Zeer Karimulla s.shaik Moayad M.AlFayoumi Dyaneshwar P.Mutkule Ahmed A.soliman Abdulqadir j.Nashwan Critical Care Department Hamad Medical Corporation(HMC)Doha 3050Qatar

Introduction:Toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)is a medical emergency that most commonly occurs as an adverse effect of certain ***,we describe a case of a 41-year-old man with no comorbid illness who developed *** presentation:The patient had been prescribed ibuprofen for myalgia and developed skin lesions after the single *** lesions were erythematous papules and macules distributed all over the body after ibuprofen *** was diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical presentation and laboratory *** was treated with intravenous dexamethasone,intravenous immunoglobulin,and *** dressing changes and skin care was done with saline,chlorhexidine,and liquid *** patient was intubated and tracheostomized,and he gradually improved and ***,he developed septicemia in the intensive care unit and was treated ***:The management of TEN includes cessation of the causative cause,multidisciplinary intensive care unit(ICU)care,prevention and early detection of sepsis,fluid and electrolyte balance,adequate analgesia and temperature control,proper organ support,aggressive nutritional management,and good psychological *** pharmacological therapy for TEN includes corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin,and *** key elements of management are aseptic care and proper dressing of the ***:TEN is associated with high mortality if not managed in a systemic and protocolized way.

关键词： ibuprofen toxic epidermal necrolysis erythema drug-induced erythema

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Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 237-239页

作者： j.Miguel Oliveira Rui L.Reis 3B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVs/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

The latest advances in the field of biomaterials have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatly contributed for the successful translation of tissue engineering products into the market/***-materials are easily processed to become similar to natural extracellular matrix,making them ideal temporary supports for mimicking the three-dimensional(3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cell/tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

关键词： breakthrough biomaterials engineer

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Adenosine A_(2A)receptor blockade attenuates excitotoxicity in rat striatal medium spiny neurons during an ischemic-like insult

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 255-257页

作者： Elisabetta Coppi Federica Cherchi Alasdair j.Gibb Department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child HealthUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Department of Neuroscience Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK

During brain ischemia,excitotoxicity and peri-infarct depolarization injuries occur and cause cerebral tissue ***,anoxic depolarization,consisting of massive neuronal depolarization due to the loss of membrane ion gradients,occurs in vivo or in vitro during an energy *** neuromodulator adenosine is released in huge amounts during cerebral ischemia and exerts its effects by activating specific metabotropic receptors,namely:A_(1),A_(2A),A_(2B),and A_(3).The A_(2A)receptor subtype is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons,which are particularly susceptible to ischemic *** indicates that the A2Areceptors are upregulated in the rat striatum after stroke and the selective antagonist sCH58261 protects from exaggerated glutamate release within the first 4 hours from the insult and alleviates neurological impairment and histological injury in the following 24 *** recently added new knowledge to the mechanisms by which the adenosine A2Areceptor subtype participates in ischemia-induced neuronal death by performing patch-clamp recordings from medium spiny neurons in rat striatal brain slices exposed to oxygen and glucose *** demonstrated that the selective block of A2Areceptors by sCH58261 significantly reduced ionic imbalance and delayed the anoxic depolarization in medium spiny neurons during oxygen and glucose deprivation and that the mechanism involves voltage-gated K+channel modulation and a presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release by the A2Areceptor *** present review summarizes the latest findings in the literature about the possibility of developing selective ligands of A2Areceptors as advantageous therapeutic tools that may contribute to counteracting neurodegeneration after brain ischemia.

关键词： adenosine A_(2A)receptors anoxic depolarization brain ischemia glutamate excitotoxicity medium spiny neurons oxygen and glucose deprivation

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