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Unified Classification and Rejection:A One-versus-all Framework

Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 870-887页

作者： Zhen Cheng Xu-Yao Zhang Cheng-lin liu state Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China school of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Classifying patterns of known classes and rejecting ambiguous and novel(also called as out-of-distribution(OOD))inputs are involved in open world pattern *** neural network models usually excel in closed-set classification while perform poorly in rejecting OOD *** tackle this problem,numerous methods have been designed to perform open set recognition(OsR)or OOD rejection/detection *** methods mostly take post-training score transformation or hybrid models to ensure low scores on OOD inputs while separating known *** this paper,we attempt to build a unified framework for building open set classifiers for both classification and OOD *** formulate the open set recognition of K-known-class as a(K+1)-class classification problem with model trained on known-class samples *** decomposing the K-class problem into K one-versus-all(OVA)binary classification tasks and binding some parameters,we show that combining the scores of OVA classifiers can give(K+1)-class posterior probabilities,which enables classification and OOD rejection in a unified *** maintain the closed-set classification accuracy of the OVA trained classifier,we propose a hybrid training strategy combining OVA loss and multi-class cross-entropy *** implement the OVA framework and hybrid training strategy on the recently proposed convolutional prototype network and prototype classifier on vision transformer(ViT)*** on popular OsR and OOD detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework,using a single multi-class classifier,yields competitive performance in closed-set classification,OOD detection,and misclassification *** code is available at https://***/zhen-cheng121/CPN_OVA_unified.

关键词： Open set recognition out-of-distribution detection misclassification detection convolutional prototype network oneversus-all Dempster-shafer theory of evidence

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NsNO:Neumann series Neural Operator for solving Helmholtz Equations in Inhomogeneous Medium

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journal of systems science & Complexity 2024年第2期37卷 413-440页

作者： CHEN Fukai liu Ziyang lin Guochang CHEN junqing sHI Zuoqiang Department of Mathematical sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Yau Mathematical sciences Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Yanqi Lake beijing Institute of Mathematical sciences and Applications Beijing 101408China

In this paper,the authors propose Neumann series neural operator(NsNO)to learn the solution operator of Helmholtz equation from inhomogeneity coefficients and source terms to *** equation is a crucial partial differential equation(PDE)with applications in various scientific and engineering ***,efficient solver of Helmholtz equation is still a big challenge especially in the case of high ***,deep learning has shown great potential in solving PDEs especially in learning solution *** by Neumann series in Helmholtz equation,the authors design a novel network architecture in which U-Net is embedded inside to capture the multiscale *** experiments show that the proposed NsNO significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art FNO with at least 60%lower relative L^(2)-error,especially in the large wavenumber case,and has 50%lower computational cost and less data ***,NsNO can be used as the surrogate model in inverse scattering *** tests show that NsNO is able to give comparable results with traditional finite difference forward solver while the computational cost is reduced tremendously.

关键词： Helmholtz equation inverse problem neumann series neural network solution operator

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Optimal sOC Headroom of Pump storage Hydropower for Maximizing joint Revenue from Day-ahead and Real-time Markets Under Regional Transmission Organization Dispatch

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journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 238-250页

作者： Yikui liu bing Huang Yang lin Yonghong Chen Lei Wu Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA Midcontinent Independent system Operator Inc.CarmelIN 46032USA

In response to the increasing penetration of volatile and uncertain renewable energy,the regional transmission organizations(RTOs)have been recently focusing on enhancing the models of pump storage hydropower(PsH)plants,which are one of the key flexibility assets in the day-ahead(DA)and real-time(RT)markets,to further boost their flexibility provision *** by the recent research works that explored the potential benefits of excluding PsHs’cost-related terms from the objective functions of the DA market clearing model,this paper completes a rolling RT market scheme that is compatible with the DA ***,with the vision that PsHs could be permitted to submit state-of-charge(sOC)headrooms in the DA market and to release them in the RT market,this paper uncovers that PsHs could increase the total revenues from the two markets by optimizing their sOC headrooms,assisted by the proposed tri-level optimal sOC headroom ***,in the proposed tri-level model,the middle and lower levels respectively mimic the DA and RT scheduling processes of PsHs,and the upper level determines the optimal headrooms to be submitted to the RTO for maximizing the total revenue from the two *** case studies quantify the profitability of the optimal sOC headroom submissions as well as the associated financial risks.

关键词： Pump storage hydropower energy market state-of-charge(sOC) headroom market revenue tri-level problem

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Comparison of antimony and arsenic behaviour at the river-lake junction in the middle of the Yangtze River basin

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journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 189-200页

作者： Huiji liu Wei Zeng Ziyang Lai Mengchang He Chunye lin Wei Ouyang Xitao liu state Key Laboratory of Water Environment simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China

As typical metalloid toxic elements widely distributed in environmental media,the geochemical behaviour of antimony(sb)and arsenic(As)affects environmental *** selected the surface waters and sediments at the river-lake junction of Dongting Lake as the research objects,analysed the concentration and chemical partitioning of sb and As,assessed its contamination and ecological risk levels,and discussed its sources and potential influencing *** concentrations of dissolved sb and As in surface waters were low(s of sb and As in surface sediments were 2.49-22.65mg/kg and 11.10-136.34 mg/kg,*** and As in sediments were mainly enriched in the fraction of residues,but the proportion of As in bioavailability was significantly higher than that of *** the contamination level of sb was higher than that of As,the risk assessment code(RAC)showed that the ecological risk level of As was higher than that of *** erosion and mining activities(in the midstream of Zijiang River)were the main contaminated sources of sb,while As was affect mainly by rainwater *** contamination and ecological risk of sb in the inlet of the Zijiang River should receive considerable attention,while those of As in the inlet of the Xiangjiang River should also be seriously *** study highlights the need for multi-index-based assessments of contamination and ecological risk and the importance of further studies on the environmental behaviour of metalloids in specific hydrological conditions,such as river-lake junctions.

关键词： Contamination Ecological risks Antimony(sb) Arsenic(As) River-lake junction Dongting Lake

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Dendritic Learning and Miss Region Detection-based Deep Network for Multi-scale Medical segmentation

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journal of bionic Engineering 2024年第4期21卷 2073-2085页

作者： lin Zhong Zhipeng liu Houtian He Zhenyu Lei shangce Gao Faculty of Engineering University of ToyamaToyama9300887Japan

Automatic identification and segmentation of lesions in medical images has become a focus area for *** for medical image provides professionals with a clearer and more detailed view by accurately identifying and isolating specific tissues,organs,or lesions from complex medical images,which is crucial for early diagnosis of diseases,treatment planning,and efficacy *** paper introduces a deep network based on dendritic learning and missing region detection(DMNet),a new approach to medical image *** combines a dendritic neuron model(DNM)with an improved segNet framework to improve segmentation accuracy,especially in challenging tasks such as breast lesion and COVID-19 CT scan *** work provides a new approach to medical image segmentation and confirms its *** have demonstrated that DMNet outperforms classic and latest methods in various performance metrics,proving its effectiveness and stability in medical image segmentation tasks.

关键词： Medical image segmentation Dendritic learning Deep supervision Dynamic focal loss

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Deformation and Locomotion of Untethered small-scale Magnetic soft Robotic Turtle with Programmable Magnetization

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journal of bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 754-763页

作者： lin Xu liu Yang Tao Li Xingbang Zhang jianning Ding school of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China The Key Laboratory of bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) Jilin UniversityChangchun130012China shanghai Tianchun Technology Co. LtdShanghai201802China school of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

Inspired by the way sea turtles rely on the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation and locomotion,a novel magnetic soft robotic turtle with programmable magnetization has been developed and investigated to achieve biomimetic locomotion patterns such as straight-line swimming and turning *** soft robotic turtle(12.50 mm in length and 0.24 g in weight)is integrated with an Ecoflex-based torso and four magnetically programmed acrylic elastomer VHb-based limbs containing samarium-iron–nitrogen particles,and was able to carry a load more than twice its own *** to the limb locomotion characteristics of sea turtles,the magnetic torque causes the four limbs to mimic sinusoidal bending deformation under the influence of an external magnetic field,so that the turtle swims continuously ***,when the bending deformation magnitudes of its left and right limbs differ,the soft robotic turtle switches from straight-line to turning swimming at 6.334 rad/***,the tracking swimming activities of the soft robotic turtle along specific planned paths,such as square-shaped,s-shaped,and double U-shaped maze,is anticipated to be utilized for special detection and targeted drug delivery,among other applications owing to its superior remote directional control ability.

关键词： Magnetic soft robotic turtle Programmable magnetization Untethered soft robotics bending deformation

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An Innovation of Evaluation and Design of Vehicle Acceleration sound based on EEG signals

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journal of bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 344-361页

作者： Liping Xie XinYou lin Wan Chen Zhien liu Yawei Zhu College of Mechanical Engineering&Automation Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

There is a bottleneck in the design of vehicle sound that the subjective perception of sound quality that combines multiple psychological factors fails to be accurately and objectively ***,EEG signals are introduced in this paper to investigate the evaluation and design method of vehicle acceleration sound with powerful sound ***,the experiment of EEG acquisition and subjective evaluation under the stimulation of powerful vehicle sounds is conducted,respectively,then three physiological EEG features of PsD_β,PsD_γand DE are constructed to evaluate the vehicle sounds based on the correlation analysis ***,the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm(AGA)is proposed to optimize the Elman model,where an intelligent model(AGA–Elman)is constructed to objectively predicate the perception of subjects for the vehicle sounds with powerful sound *** results demonstrate that the error of the constructed AGA–Elman model is only 2.88%,which outperforms than the traditional bP and Elman model;Finally,two vehicle acceleration sounds(Design1 and Design2)are designed based on the constructed AGA–Elman model from the perspective of order modulation and frequency modulation,which provide the acoustic theoretical guidance for the design of vehicle sound incorporating the EEG signals.

关键词： EEG signal brain activity analysis Vehicle sound design Adaptive genetic algorithm-Elman model

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Command filtered integrated estimation guidance and control for strapdown missiles with circular field of view

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 211-221页

作者： Wei Wang jiaqi liu shiyao lin baokui Geng Zhongjiao shi school of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 10081China China Research and Development Academy of Machinery Equipment Beijing 100089China Northwest Industries Group CO. Ltd.Xi'an 710043China

In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown *** threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV *** boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IbLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(bLOs)in IEGC system to fit a circular ***,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic *** generalized extended state observer(GEsO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking ***,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping *** Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC ***,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.

关键词： Integrated estimation guidance and control Circular field-of-view Time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function Command filtered backstepping control Nonlinear adaptive control Extended state observer

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Non-volatile dynamically switchable color display via chalcogenide stepwise cavity resonators

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第1期7卷 16-27页

作者： Kuan liu Zhenyuan lin bing Han Minghui Hong Tun Cao school of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation science Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Pen-Tung sah Institute of Micro-Nano science and Technology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Institute of Laser Engineering Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

High-resolution multi-color printing relies upon pixelated optical nanostructures,which is crucial to promote color display by producing nonbleaching colors,yet requires simplicity in fabrication and dynamic *** trisulfide(sb_(2)s_(3))is a newly rising chalcogenide material that possesses prompt and significant transition of its optical characteristics in the visible region between amorphous and crystalline phases,which holds the key to color-varying ***,we proposed a dynamically switchable color printing method using sb_(2)s_(3)-based stepwise pixelated Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavities with various cavity *** device was fabricated by employing a direct laser patterning that is a less timeconsuming,more approachable,and low-cost *** switching the state of sb_(2)s_(3) between amorphous and crystalline,the multi-color of stepwise pixelated FP cavities can be actively *** color variation is due to the profound change in the refractive index of sb_(2)s_(3) over the visible spectrum during its phase ***,we directly fabricated sub-50 nm nano-grating on ultrathin sb_(2)s_(3) laminate via microsphere 800-nm femtosecond laser irradiation in far *** minimum feature size can be further decreased down to~45 nm(λ/17)by varying the thickness of sb_(2)s_(3) *** switchable sb_(2)s_(3) photonic devices can take one step toward the next generation of inkless erasable papers or displays and enable information encryption,camouflaging surfaces,anticounterfeiting,***,our work explores the prospects of rapid and rewritable fabrication of periodic structures with nano-scale resolution and can serve as a guideline for further development of chalcogenide-based photonics components.

关键词： tunable color displays Fabry-Pérot cavity resonators color printing chalcogenide materials

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Hybrid pedestrian positioning system using wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 327-338页

作者： lin Qi Yu liu Chuanshun Gao Tao Feng Yue Yu school of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Department of Land surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Pedestrian positioning system(PPs)using wearable inertial sensors has wide applications towards various emerging fields such as smart healthcare,emergency rescue,soldier positioning,*** performance of traditional PPs is limited by the cumulative error of inertial sensors,complex motion modes of pedestrians,and the low robustness of the multi-sensor collaboration *** paper presents a hybrid pedestrian positioning system using the combination of wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging(H-PPs).A robust two nodes integration structure is developed to adaptively combine the motion data acquired from the single waist-mounted and foot-mounted node,and enhanced by a novel ellipsoid constraint *** addition,a deep-learning-based walking speed estimator is proposed by considering all the motion features provided by different nodes,which effectively reduces the cumulative error originating from inertial ***,a comprehensive data and model dual-driven model is presented to effectively combine the motion data provided by different sensor nodes and walking speed estimator,and multi-level constraints are extracted to further improve the performance of the overall *** results indicate that the proposed H-PPs significantly improves the performance of the single PPs and outperforms existing algorithms in accuracy index under complex indoor scenarios.

关键词： Pedestrian positioning system Wearable inertial sensors Ultrasonic ranging Deep-learning Data and model dual-driven

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