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Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases:clinical applications based on preclinical findings

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 16-21页

作者： Marika Alborghetti Edoardo Bianchini Lanfranco De Carolis silvia galli Francesco E.Pontieri Domiziana Rinaldi Neurology Unit NESMOS DepartmentFaculty of Medicine&PsychologySapienza-University of RomeSant’Andrea University HospitalRomeItaly Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology IRCCS-Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly

Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors,encompassing selegiline,rasagiline,and safinamide,are available to treat Parkinson's disease.These drugs ameliorate motor symptoms and improve motor fluctuation in the advanced stages of the disease.There is also evidence suppo rting the benefit of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease,such as mood deflection,cognitive impairment,sleep disturbances,and fatigue.Preclinical studies indicate that type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors hold a strong neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases for reducing oxidative stress and stimulating the production and release of neurotrophic factors,particularly glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,which suppo rt dopaminergic neurons.Besides,safinamide may interfere with neurodegenerative mechanisms,countera cting excessive glutamate overdrive in basal ganglia motor circuit and reducing death from excitotoxicity.Due to the dual mechanism of action,the new generation of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors,including safinamide,is gaining interest in other neurological pathologies,and many supporting preclinical studies are now available.The potential fields of application concern epilepsy,Duchenne muscular dystrophy,multiple scle rosis,and above all,ischemic brain injury.The purpose of this review is to investigate the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of selegiline,rasagiline,and safinamide in Parkinson's disease and beyond,focusing on possible future therapeutic applications.

关键词： glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) glutamate neurological disorders neuroprotection Parkinson's disease preclinical studies rasagiline safinamide selegiline type-B monoamine oxidase(MAO_(B))inhibitors

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经右侧肱动脉途径支架置入术治疗左侧颈内动脉狭窄以及牛型主动脉弓

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国际医学放射学杂志 2009年第5期32卷 518-518页

作者： P.Montorsi s.galli P.Ravagnani s.G.Ali D.Trabattoni F.Fabbiocchi 秦乃姗 Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSInstitute of Cardiology University of Milan

弓上各动脉出发的复杂解剖结构或先天变异会使经股动脉入路的颈动脉支架置入（CAs）手术更加困难，并易出现并发症。本研究评价了CT用于证实左侧颈内动脉狭窄合并牛型主动脉弓的病人，经右侧肱动脉途径CAs手术的可行性、安全性和有效性。

关键词：颈动脉内支架放置 CT血管成像主动脉弓异常

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Cold ischemia time in liver transplantation:An overview

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第6期16卷 883-890页

作者： Manuela Cesaretti Alessandro Izzo Roberta Anna Pellegrino Alessandro galli Orestes Mavrothalassitis Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation Brotzu HospitalCagliari 09122Italy Department of Nanophysic Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia ASST Papa Giovanni XXIIIBergamo 24100Italy Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143United States

The standard approach to organ preservation in liver transplantation is by static cold storage and the time between the cross-clamping of a graft in a donor and its reperfusion in the recipient is defined as cold ischemia time(CIT).This simple definition reveals a multifactorial time frame that depends on donor hepatectomy time,transit time,and recipient surgery time,and is one of the most important donor-related risk factors which may influence the graft and recipient’s survival.Recently,the growing demand for the use of marginal liver grafts has prompted scientific exploration to analyze ischemia time factors and develop different organ preservation strategies.This review details the CIT definition and analyzes its different factors.It also explores the most recent strategies developed to implement each timestamp of CIT and to protect the graft from ischemic injury.

关键词： Cold ischemia time Liver transplantation Organ donation Donation after cardiac death Warm ischemia time Machine perfusion

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Correlation between Intestinal Health and Coccidiosis Prevalence in Broilers during Different seasons of the Year in Brazil from 2012 to 2018

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第3期15卷 179-198页

作者： Fabio Luis Gazoni Gabriela Miotto galli Marcel Manente Boiago Lenita Moura stefani Aline Zampar Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aleksandro s. da silva Animal Health and Reproduction Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil Animal science Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Animal science Graduate Program Santa Catarina State University (UDESC) Chapecó Brazil Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Department of Poultry science Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, specifically belonging to the genus Eimeria. These parasites target the gastrointestinal tract in different types of hosts, causing sores in the intestinal lining. The presence of these lesions reduces the animal’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients, significantly impacting their overall performance. The current study aimed to explore the potential correlation between seasonal variations and the incidence of Eimeria spp-induced lesions in broiler chickens’ gastrointestinal tracts in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. A total of 8,607 broiler chickens, aged 14 to 42 days, were sampled from 103 poultry integrated companies in Brazil to conduct intestinal health examinations. The sampling process involved selecting 3 to 6 chickens from each poultry house for examination. The assessment included various abnormalities such as shedding of intestinal cells and excessive fluid and mucus presence, thickening and tension of the intestines, food movement, roughened mucosal surface resembling a Turkish towel in the small intestine, tissue death, duodenal inflammation, intestinal inflammation, gizzard erosion, presence of worms and bedding material, and ingestion of mealworms. During the seasons, winter exhibited the highest average occurrence of Eimeria maxima microorganisms at 52.83%, with E. acervulina following closely at 26.42% in second place. In spring, E. maxima had an occurrence of 11.31%, while in fall, E. tenella had the lowest occurrence at 6.74%. When analyzing the seasonal occurrence of Eimeria, it was observed that E. maxima micro was more common during winter compared to summer (P = 0.0491). However, no discernible variation was observed in the occurrence of the remaining species across different seasons. Research findings suggest that subclinical coccidiosis is most prevalent during the winter season in Brazil. Likewise, clinical disease caused by E. acervulina is also prevalent during this time. In contrast, E. maxima is more likely to cause cl

关键词： Eimeria Epidemiology Intestinal Pathology Broiler Chickens Brazil

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Tunable ferroelectricity in oxygen-deficient perovskites with Grenier structure

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 118-125页

作者： Yongjin shin Giulia galli Pritzker school of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Chemistry University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA

Using first-principles calculations,we predict that tunable ferroelectricity can be realized in oxide perovskites with the Grenier structure and ordered oxygen vacancies.specifically,we show that R_(1/3)A_(2/3)FeO_(2.67) solids(where R is a rare-earth ion and A an alkaline-earth cation)exhibit polar phases,with a spontaneous polarization tunable by an appropriate choice of R and A.We find that larger cations combined with small R elements lead to a maximum in the polarization and to a minimum in the energy barriers required to switch the sign of the polarization.Ferroelectricity arises from cooperative distortions of octahedral and tetrahedral units,where a combination of rotational and sliding modes controls the emergence of polarization within three-dimensional connected layers.Our results indicate that polar Grenier phases of oxide perovskites are promising materials for microelectronic applications and,in general,for the study of phenomena emerging from breaking inversion symmetry in solids.

关键词： polarization ferroelectric structure

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Vibrationally resolved optical excitations of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2258-2266页

作者： Yu Jin Marco Govoni Giulia galli Department of Chemistry University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA Pritzker school of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA Materials science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA

A comprehensive description of the optical cycle of spin defects in solids requires the understanding of the electronic and atomistic structure of states with different spin multiplicity,including singlet states which are particularly challenging from a theoretical standpoint.We present a general framework,based on spin-flip time-dependent density function theory,to determine the excited state potential energy surfaces of the many-body singlet states of spin defects;we then predict the vibrationally resolved absorption spectrum between singlet shelving states of a prototypical defect,the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond.Our results,which are in very good agreement with experiments,provide an interpretation of the measured spectra and reveal the key role of specific phonons in determining absorption processes,and the notable influence of non-adiabatic interactions.The insights gained from our calculations may be useful in defining strategies to improve infrared-absorption-based magnetometry and optical pumping schemes.The theoretical framework developed here is general and applicable to a variety of other spin defects and materials.

关键词： vacancy resolved singlet

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Cat scratch disease in childhood: a 10-year experience of an Italian tertiary care children’s hospital

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第2期19卷 189-193页

作者： Lara Fusani Elisabetta Venturini Elena Chiappini Luisa galli Postgraduate school of Pediatrics University of FlorenceMeyer Children’s HospitalFlorenceItaly Infectious Diseases Unit Meyer Children’s HospitalViale Pieraccini 24FlorenceItaly Department of Health sciences University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

Cat scratch disease(CsD),an infection caused by Bartonella henselae,is uncommon in Europe,whereas 24,000 cases per year have been reported in the United states[1,2].The typical manifestation of CsD consists of fever and subacute,solitary or regional,painful and self-limited lymphadenopathy in a patient with a history of previous scratching,biting,or contact with a kitten or cat[3].In 85%of patients,only one regional lymph node is involved,which is located in the axillary and epitrochlear regions in approximately half of the cases[4,5].One or more round,red-brown nontender papules can develop at the inoculation site or near the scratch after a few days and may persist until two to three weeks[6].

关键词： Italian scratch Barton

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Practical insights into chronic management of hepatic Wilson’s disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第14期10卷 4334-4347页

作者： Erica Nicola Lynch Claudia Campani Tommaso Innocenti Gabriele Dragoni Paolo Forte Andrea galli Gastroenterology Research Unit Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences“Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Medical Biotechnologies University of SienaSiena 53100Italy Division of Gastroenterology University Hospital“Careggi”Florence 50134Italy

Wilson’s disease(WD)is a rare inherited disorder of human copper metabolism,with an estimated prevalence of 1:30000-1:50000 and a broad spectrum of hepatic and neuropsychiatric manifestations.In healthy individuals,the bile is the main route of elimination of copper.In WD patients,copper accumulates in the liver,it is released into the bloodstream,and is excreted in urine.Copper can also be accumulated in the brain,kidneys,heart,and osseous matter and causes damage due to direct toxicity or oxidative stress.Hepatic WD is commonly but not exclusively diagnosed in childhood or young adulthood.Adherent,non-cirrhotic WD patients seem to have a normal life expectancy.Nevertheless,chronic management of patients with Wilson’s disease is challenging,as available biochemical tests have many limitations and do not allow a clear identification of non-compliance,overtreatment,or treatment goals.To provide optimal care,clinicians should have a complete understanding of these limitations and counterbalance them with a thorough clinical assessment.The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with practical tools and suggestions which may answer doubts that can arise during chronic management of patients with hepatic WD.In particular,it summarises current knowledge on Wilson’s disease clinical and biochemical monitoring and treatment.It also analyses available evidence on pregnancy and the role of low-copper diet in WD.Future research should focus on trying to provide new copper metabolism tests which could help to guide treatment adjustments.

关键词： Wilson’s disease Urinary copper excretion Non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper D-penicillamine Trientine Zinc salts

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Neutralized solar energetic particles for sEP forecasting:Feasibility study of an innovative technique for space weather applications

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第1期6卷 42-51页

作者： Xiao-Dong Wang B.Klecker G.Nicolaou s.Barabash M.Wieser P.Wurz A.galli F.Cipriani Y.Futaana swedish Institute of space Physics KirunaSweden Max-Planck Institute für extraterrestrische Physik GarchingGermany Physics Institute University of BernBernSwitzerland EsA/EsTEC Research and Scientific Support DepartmentNoordwijkThe Netherlands

Energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)are produced by the neutralization of energetic ions formed by shock-accelerated gradual solar energetic particle events(sEP).These high-energy ENAs(HENAs)can reach the Earth earlier than the associated sEPs and thus can provide information about the sEPs at the lower corona.The HENA properties observed at Earth depend on the properties of the coronal mass ejection(CME)-driven shocks that accelerate the sEPs.Using a model of HENA production in a shock-accelerated sEP event,we semi-quantitatively investigate the energy-time spectrum of HENAs depending on the width,propagation speed,and direction of the shock,as well as the density and ion abundances of the lower corona.Compared to the baseline model parameters,the cases with a wider shock width angle or a higher coronal density would increase the HENA flux observed at the Earth,while the case with an Earthpropagating shock shows a softened HENA spectrum.The comparison of expected HENA fluxes in different cases with a flight-proven ENA instrument suggests that solar HENAs can feasibly be monitored with current technologies,which could provide a lead time of 2−3 hours for sEPs at a few MeV.We propose that monitoring of solar HENAs could provide a new method to forecast shock-driven sEP events that are capable of significant space weather impacts on the near-Earth environment.

关键词： solar energetic particles energetic neutral atoms space weather numerical simulation

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Dysfunction of Wnt signaling and synaptic ：lisassembly in neurodegenerative diseases

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2014年第1期8卷 75-80页

作者： silvia A. Purro soledad galli Patricia C. salinas Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square London WClN 3BG UK Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London London WCIE 6BT UK

The molecular mechanisms that regulate synapse formation have been well documented. However, little is known about the factors that modulate synaptic stability. synapse loss is an early and invariant feature of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Notably, in AD the extent of synapse loss correlates with the severity of the disease. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie synaptic maintenance is crucial to reveal potential targets that will allow the development of therapies to protect synapses. Wnts play a central role in the formation and function of neuronal circuits. Moreover, Wnt signaling components are expressed in the adult brain suggesting their role in synaptic maintenance in the adult. Indeed, blockade of Wnts with the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) causes synapse disassembly in mature hippocampal cells. Dkk1 is elevated in brain biopsies from AD patients and animal models. Consistent with these findings, Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers induce the rapid expression of Dkk1. Importantly, Dkk1 neutralizing antibodies protect synapses against Aβ toxicity, indicating that Dkk1 is required for Aβ-mediated synapse loss. In this review, we discuss the role of Wnt signaling in synapse maintenance in the adult brain, particularly in relation to synaptic loss in neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词：神经退行性疾病突触形成 Wnt 信号功能障碍分子机制抗体保护帕金森氏病

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