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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic diseases(ACCdis) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(Cd90)

Efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients:A systematic review of clinical trials

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 156-164页

作者： Carlos M Ardila Pradeep K Yadalam Jaime ramírez-Arbelaez department of Basic sciences Faculty of dentistry Biomedical Stomatology Research GroupUniversidad de Antioquia U de AMedellín 0057Colombia department of Postdoctoral Program CIFE University CenterCuernavaca 62330MorelosMexico department of Periodontics Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and HealthSIMATSSaveetha UniversityChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia department of Transplantation Hospital San Vicente FundaciónRionegro 054047Colombia

BACKGROUNd In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ *** To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant *** A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and *** review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial *** search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEdLINE,Web of science,Embase,scopus,and sciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language *** After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were *** most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also *** antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and *** concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;Pd deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two *** All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microor

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobials Antivirals solid organ transplant recipients Infections Microorganisms Cytomegalovirus

Effect of Rare Earth and Transition Metal Elements on the Glass Forming Ability of Mechanical Alloyed Al–TM–RE Based Amorphous Alloys

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2015年第11期31卷 1118-1124页

作者： ram s.Maurya Tapas Laha department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

The present work aims to compare the amorphous phase forming ability of ternary and quaternary Al based alloys （Al86Ni8Y6, Al86GNi6Y6Co2, Al86NigLa6 and Al86Ni8Y45La15） synthesized via mechanical alloying by varying the composition, i.e. fully or partially replacing rare earth （RE） and transition metal （TM） elements based on similar atomic radii and coordination number. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy study revealed that the amorphization process occurred through formation of various intermetallic phases and nanocrystalline FCC Al. Fully amorphous phase was obtained for the alloys not containing lanthanum, whereas the other alloys containing La showed partial amorphization with reappearance of intermetallic phases attributed to mechanical crystallization. differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed better thermal stability with wider transformation temperature for the alloys without La.

关键词： Al-TM-RE amorphous alloy Mechanical alloying Glass forming ability Microstructural transformation Intermetallics Glass transition temperature

strategic insights of telehealth platforms and strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats analysis of Amazon's clinical endeavors

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第2期15卷 145-153页

作者： Harpreet Grewal Gagandeep dhillon Venkata Buddhavarapu ram Kishun Verma Ripudaman singh Munjal Pranjal sharma Gurmanpreet sidhu Rahul Kashyap salim surani department of Radiology Ascension Sacred Heart HospitalPensacolaFL 32503United States department of Medicine UM Baltimore Washington Medical CenterGlen BurnieMD 21061United States department of Medicine Banner Baywood Medical CenterBanner HealthMesaAZ 85206United States department of sleep Medicine Parkview Health SystemFort WayneIN 46845United States department of Medicine Touro university College of Osteopathic MedicineVallejoCA 94592United States department of Nephrology Northeast Ohio Medical CenterRootstownOH 44272United States department of Pathology Government Medical College PatialaPatiala 147001PunjabIndia department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

BACKGROUNd The adoption of telehealth services surged after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,revolutionizing traditional healthcare delivery *** Clinic's recent nationwide launch marks a significant milestone in this *** study aims to offer a strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(sWOT)analysis of Amazon Clinic and compare its features with leading virtual healthcare *** To evaluate Amazon Clinic's telehealth services through a sWOT analysis and compare its features with other leading virtual healthcare *** The initial search terms included were,amazon clinic odds ratio(OR)amwell OR Teladoc OR Walmart virtual health service OR CVs minute clinic OR CirrusMd OR brightside health,from 2000 to *** search yielded 111 articles,from which duplicates were removed,and unrelated titles were filtered *** articles were retained for a final review,including comparative studies,usability research,retrospective analyses,observational studies,and review *** data was organized and analyzed using Rayyan software and summarized in a table and PRIsMA *** The review included eight articles focusing on various aspects of *** studies highlighted differences between Teladoc and traditional physician offices,noting lower diagnostic imaging orders and antibiotic prescriptions for *** demographics for Teladoc showed younger,less engaged *** studies emphasized the importance of website design for telemedicine ***-mental health platforms like Brightside showed superior outcomes in treating depression compared to traditional *** for specialized fields like skin reconstruction demonstrated cost efficiency and reduced waiting *** sWOT analysis identified Amazon Clinic's strengths,such as its vast consumer base and transparent pricing,and weaknesses like the lack of pediatric *** included potential partnerships and servi

关键词： Tele-health Amazon COVId-19 Primary Care Outpatient clinic sWOT Telemedicine

A Generalized Array Factor for Time-Modulated Hexagonal Based Antenna Array Geometry With Novel Trapezoidal switching

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1967-1972页

作者： Gopi ram department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004India

The concept of the time-modulated array has been emerging as an alternative to the complex phase shifters,which lowers the cost of the array feeding network due to the utilization of radio frequency(RF)*** various forms of hexagonal antenna array geometries can be used for applications like surveillance tracking in phased array radar and wireless communication *** work proposes the generalized array factor(AF)for the hexagonal antenna array geometry based on time *** time modulation in generalized hexagonal geometry can maintain the fixed static amplitude excitation,giving more flexibility over ***,a novel trapezoidal switching function is also proposed and applied to the generalized array factor to enable future researchers to use this array factor in the field of advancement to observe how switching schemes like trapezoidal and rectangular affect the array pattern's side lobe level(sLL).The generalized equation can be utilized for the analysis and synthesis of radiation characteristics of the time-modulated hexagonal array(TMHA),time-modulated concentric hexagonal array(TMCHA),time-modulated hexagonal cylindrical array(TMHCA),and time-modulated hexagonal concentric cylindrical array(TMHCCA).The numerical result illustrates the generation of AF of time-modulated hexagonal structures and also shows that the trapezoidal switching sequence outperforms the rectangular switch using the cat swarm optimization(CsO)approach.

关键词： Hexagonal array geometry radiation pattern time-modulation trapezoidal pulse

Biochemical dissection of sTAT3 signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3229-3230页

作者： savina Apolloni Nadia d’Ambrosi department of Biology University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALs)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons,clinically marked by muscle atrophy and *** the clinical course is highly variable,the average time from the onset of symptoms to the need for respiratory support or death is 3-5 *** is the most prevalent motor neuron disease in adults,occurring at a rate of 2 per 100,000 individuals and affecting 5.4 per 100,000 individuals overall.

关键词： sTAT3 dissection sclerosis

stochastic Models to Mitigate sparse sensor Attacks in Continuous-Time Non-Linear Cyber-Physical systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3189-3218页

作者： Borja Bordel sánchez ramón Alcarria Tomás Robles Information Technologies department Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain Geospatial Information department Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain

Cyber-Physical systems are very vulnerable to sparse sensor *** current protection mechanisms employ linear and deterministic models which cannot detect attacks ***,in this paper,we propose a new non-linear generalized model to describe Cyber-Physical *** model includes unknown multivariable discrete and continuous-time functions and different multiplicative noises to represent the evolution of physical processes and randomeffects in the physical and ***,the digitalization stage in hardware devices is represented *** and most critical sparse sensor attacks are described through a stochastic *** reconstruction and protectionmechanisms are based on aweighted *** probability in data samples is estimated through different indicators commonly employed in non-linear dynamics(such as the Fourier transform,first-return maps,or the probability density function).A decision algorithm calculates the final reconstructed value considering the previous error *** experimental validation based on simulation tools and real deployments is also carried ***,the new technology performance and scalability are *** prove that the proposed solution protects Cyber-Physical systems against up to 92%of attacks and perturbations,with a computational delay below 2.5 *** proposed model shows a linear complexity,as recursive or iterative structures are not employed,just algebraic and probabilistic *** conclusion,the new model and reconstructionmechanism can protect successfully Cyber-Physical systems against sparse sensor attacks,even in dense or pervasive deployments and scenarios.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems sparse sensor attack non-linear models stochastic models security

A Probabilistic Trust Model and Control Algorithm to Protect 6G Networks against Malicious data Injection Attacks in Edge Computing Environments

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 631-654页

作者： Borja Bordel sánchez ramón Alcarria Tomás Robles department of Computer systems Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain department of Geospatial Engineering Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain

Future 6G communications are envisioned to enable a large catalogue of pioneering *** will range from networked Cyber-Physical systems to edge computing devices,establishing real-time feedback control loops critical for managing Industry 5.0 deployments,digital agriculture systems,and essential *** provision of extensive machine-type communications through 6G will render many of these innovative systems autonomous and *** full automation will enhance industrial efficiency significantly,it concurrently introduces new cyber risks and *** particular,unattended systems are highly susceptible to trust issues:malicious nodes and false information can be easily introduced into control ***,denialof-service attacks can be executed by inundating the network with valueless *** anomaly detection schemes require the entire transformation of the control software to integrate new steps and can only mitigate anomalies that conform to predefined mathematical *** based on an exhaustive data collection to detect anomalies are precise but extremely *** models,with their limited understanding of mobile networks,can achieve precision rates no higher than 75%.Therefore,more general and transversal protection mechanisms are needed to detect malicious behaviors *** paper introduces a probabilistic trust model and control algorithm designed to address this *** model determines the probability of any node to be *** channels are pruned for those nodes whose probability is below a given *** trust control algorithmcomprises three primary phases,which feed themodel with three different probabilities,which are weighted and ***,anomalous nodes are identified using Gaussian mixture models and clustering ***,traffic patterns are studied using digital Bessel functions and the functional scalar ***,the in

关键词： 6G networks noise injection attacks Gaussian mixture model Bessel function traffic filter Volterra filter

Algorithm for repairing the damaged images of grain structures obtained from the cellular automata and measurement of grain size

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第10期19卷 899-907页

作者： A.ramírez-López M.A.Romero-Romo d.Muñoz-Negron s.López-ramírez R.Escarela-Pérez C.duran-Valencia department of Materials and Energy Metropolitan Autonomous UniversityMexico City 02200Mexico department of Industrial Engineering Technological Autonomous Institute of MexicoMexico City 01080Mexico department of Molecular Engineering Mexican Institute of PetroleumMexico City 07730Mexico

Computational models are developed to create grain structures using mathematical algorithms based on the chaos theory such as cellular automaton, geometrical models, fractals, and stochastic methods. Because of the chaotic nature of grain structures, some of the most popular routines are based on the Monte Carlo method, statistical distributions, and random walk methods, which can be easily programmed and included in nested loops. Nevertheless, grain structures are not well defined as the results of computational errors and numerical incon- sistencies on mathematical methods. due to the finite definition of numbers or the numerical restrictions during the simulation of solidifica- tion, damaged images appear on the screen. These images must be repaired to obtain a good measurement of grain geometrical properties. some mathematical algorithms were developed to repair, measure, and characterize grain structures obtained from cellular automata in the present work. An appropriate measurement of grain size and the corrected identification of interfaces and length are very important topics in materials science because they are the representation and validation of mathematical models with real samples. As a result, the developed al- gorithms are tested and proved to be appropriate and efficient to eliminate the errors and characterize the grain structures.

关键词： grain size and shape image restoration mathematical algorithms cellular automata solidification