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Virus-like particle vaccinology,from bench to bedside

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第9期19卷 993-1011页

作者： Mona O.Mohse Martin F.bachmann Department of BioMedical Research University of BernBernSwitzerland Department of Immunology RIA University Hospital BernBernSwitzerland saiba Biotech AG Bahnhofstr.13CH-8808PfaeffikonSwitzerland The Jenner Institute University of OxfordOxfordUK

Virus-like particles(VLPs)have become key tools in biology,medicine and even engineering.After their initial use to resolve viral structures at the atomic level,VLPs were rapidly harnessed to develop antiviral vaccines followed by their use as display platforms to generate any kind of vaccine.Most recently,VLPs have been employed as nanomachines to deliver pharmaceutically active products to specific sites and into specific cells in the body.Here,we focus on the use of VLPs for the development of vaccines with broad fields of indications ranging from classical vaccines against viruses to therapeutic vaccines against chronic inflammation,pain,allergy and cancer.In this review,we take a walk through time,starting with the latest developments in experimental preclinical VLP-based vaccines and ending with marketed vaccines,which earn billions of dollars every year,paving the way for the next wave of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines already visible on the horizon.

关键词： vaccine virus-like particle immunology

Demographic Processes Linked to Genetic Diversity and Positive selection across a species’ Range

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 72-84页

作者： Yvonne Willi Marco Fracassetti Olivier bachmann Josh Van Buskirk Department of Environmental sciences University of BaselSch€onbeinstrasse 6CH-4056 BaselSwitzerland Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental studies University of Z€urichCH-8057 Z€urichSwitzerland Department of Ecology Environment and Plant SciencesScience for Life LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden

Demography determines the strength of genetic drift,which generally reduces genetic variation and the efficacy of selection.Here,we disentangled the importance of demographic processes at a local scale(census size and mating system)and at a species-range scale(old split between population clusters,recolonization after the last glaciation cycle,and admixture)in determining within-population genomic diversity and genomic signatures of positive selection.Analyses were based on re-sequence data from 52 populations of North American Arabidopsis lyrata collected across its entire distribution.The mating system and range dynamics since the last glaciation cycle explained around 60%of the variation in genomic diversity among populations and 52%of the variation in the signature of positive selection.Diversity was lowest in selfing compared with outcrossing populations and in areas further away from glacial refugia.In parallel,reduced positive selectionwas found in selfing populations and in populations with a longer route of postglacial range expansion.The signature of positive selection was also reduced in populations without admixture.We conclude that recent range expansion can have a profound influence on diversity in coding and non-coding DNA,similar in magnitude to the shift toward selfing.Distribution limits may in fact be caused by reduced effective population size and compromised positive selection in recently colonized parts of the range.

关键词： admixture-dependent selection directional selection genetic drift range expansion selfing small population size

Bridging the mental health treatment gap:effects of a collaborative care intervention(matrix support)in the detection and treatment of mental disorders in a Brazilian city

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2020年第4期8卷 2-13页

作者： sonia saraiva Max bachmann Matheus Andrade Alberto Liria Leeds Institute of Health sciences University of LeedsLeedsUK Norwich Medical school University of East AngliaNorwichUK secretaria Municipal de saúde(Municipal Health Department) FlorianópolisBrazil Departamento de Especialidades Médicas Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de AlcaláAlcaláde HenaresSpain

Objective To analyse temporal trends in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care following implementation of a collaborative care intervention(matrix support).Design Dynamic cohort design with retrospective time-series analysis.structured secondary data on medical visits to general practitioners of all study clinics were extracted from the municipal electronic records database.Annual changes in the odds of mental disorders diagnoses and antidepressants prescriptions were estimated by multiple logistic regression at visit and patient-year levels with diagnoses or prescriptions as outcomes.Annual changes during two distinct stages of the intervention(stage 1 when it was restricted to mental health(2005-2009),and stage 2 when it was expanded to other areas(2010-2015))were compared by adding year-period interaction terms to each model.setting 49 primary care clinics in the city of Florianópolis,Brazil.Participants All adults attending primary care clinics of the study setting between 2005 and 2015.Results 3131983 visits representing 322100 patients were analysed.At visit level,the odds of mental disorder diagnosis increased by 13%per year during stage 1(OR 1.13,95%CI 1.11 to 1.14,psed by 5%thereafter(OR 0.95,95%CI 0.94 to 0.95,ps of incident mental disorder diagnoses decreased by 1%per year during stage 1(OR 0.99,95%CI 0.98 to 1.00,p=0.012)and decreased by 7%per year during stage 2(OR 0.93,95%CI 0.92 to 0.93,ps of antidepressant prescriptions in patients with a mental disorder diagnosis increased by 7%per year during stage 1(OR 1.07,95%CI 1.05 to 1.20,ps was driven by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescriptions which increased 14%per year during stage 1(OR 1.14,95%CI 1.12 to 1.18,pstage 2(OR 1.09,95%CI 1.08 to 1.10,ps of incident antidepressant prescriptions did not increase during stage 1(OR 1.00,95%CI 0.97 to 1.02,p=0.665)and increased by 3%during stage 2(OR 1.03,95%CI 1.00 to 1.04,p<0.001).Chang

关键词： prescription diagnosis treatment

Armoured mud balls as a result of ephemeral fluvial flood in a humid climate:Modern example from Guizhou Province,south China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2014年第4期3卷 410-418页

作者： Gerhard H.bachmann Martin-Luther-Universit?t Institut für GeowissenschaftenVon-Seckendorff-Platz 3D-06120 Halle (Saale)Halle (Saale)Germany

Armoured mud balls were observed after rainfall and a short flood in the otherwise dry Xiaohe （small river） valley of Guanling County, Guizhou Province, south China, approximately 30 km southwest of Guanling City. Armoured mud balls are most common in semiarid climates, but rather unusual in a humid climate as in Guizhou. A number of well-rounded mud balls, 2-20 cm in diameter, were found lying on the gravel of the Xiaohe gully floor. The mud balls consist of sticky, light brown and slightly mottled clay without carbonate content. The surfaces of the mud balls were studded with rims of sandor gravel-size limestone clasts, col- lected during bedload transport, as is typical for armoured mud balls. The mud balls originated from alluvial mudstone deposits of the valley floor and cliff that are most likely derived from the weathering and karstification of bedrock limestones. such mudstones seem to be especially well suited for forming armoured mud balls. As flood events are rather common in the area, the formation of armoured mud balls should be very frequent in the Xiaohe valley and similar valleys nearby, giving the possibility for further and more detailed studies. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of armoured mud balls in China.

关键词： armoured mud balls fluvial alluvial mudstones humid climate Guizhou south China

Prediction of particle size and layer-thickness distributions in a continuous horizontal fluidized-bed coating process

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Particuology 2020年第3期18卷 1-12页

作者： P.bachmann K.Chen A.Buck E.Tsotsas Thermal Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke UniversityUniversit(a)tsplatz 2Magdeburg D-39106Germany Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurembergCauerstr.4Erlangen D-91058Germany

To predict the particle size and layer-thickness distributions(LTDs)in a continuously operated horizontal fluidized-bed granulation process,two alternative models were considered.A one-dimensional two-zone model was proposed,which describes with population-balance equations the particle growth in a spraying zone that is separated from the drying zone.The residence-time distribution(RTD)was calculated from a literature correlation and was coupled with a population-balance model via a tank-in-series model with reflux.A two-dimensional,one-zone population-balance model,which was based directly on the RTD and the feed particle-size distribution(PsD)was also used.Granulation experiments were conducted and analyzed microscopically and with a camera optical device to determine the sample PsDs.LTDs over the particle population were derived from the PsDs and were analyzed directly by micro-computer-tomography.To compare the simulated data with the experimentally determined distributions,the PsDs were converted to LTDs.The good agreement shows that both methods are suitable to determine the PsD from an RTD of an arbitrary granulation process in a horizontal fluidized bed.Improvement appears necessary with regards to the LTD spread.

关键词： Fluidized bed Continuous process Coating,Residence-time distribution Particle-size distribution Layer-thickness distribution

Experimental study and modeling of particle drying in a continuously-operated horizontal fluidized bed

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 134-146页

作者： Kaicheng Chen Philipp bachmann Andreas Buck Michael Jacob Evangelos Tsotsas Thermal Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-University Universityatsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany Glatt Ingenieurtechnik GmbH Nordstrasse 12 99427 Weimar Germany

Multistage fluidized beds are frequently used for product drying in industry. One advantage of these fluidized beds is that they can achieve a high throughput, when operated continuously. In this study, γ- A1203 particles were dried in a pilot-scale horizontal fluidized bed, without considering any comminution effects. For each experiment, the particle moisture content distribution and residence time distribution were determined. To take into account particle back mixing in our experiments, a one-dimensional pop- ulation balance model that considers particle residence time was introduced into a fluidized bed-drying model. Experimental particle residence time distributions were reproduced using a tank-in-series model. subsequently, the moisture content distribution was implemented, as a second dimension to the popu- lation balance in this model. These two-dimensional simulations were able to describe the experimental data, especially the spread in the residual particle moisture distribution, much more accurately than one-dimensional simulations. Using this novel two-dimensional model, the effects of different operating parameters （process gas temperature, solid feed rate, superficial air velocity） on the particle moisture content distribution were systematically studied.

关键词： Continuous dryingHorizontal fluidized bed Residence time distribution Moisture content distributionPopulation balance

Identifying Distinct Quitting Trajectories after an Unassisted smoking Cessation Attempt: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2012年第3期1卷 44-50页

作者： Monica s. bachmann Hansjorg Znoj Jeannette Brodbeck Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Institute of Psychology University of Berne Berne Switzerland

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying distinct quitting trajectories over 29 days after an unassisted smoking ces- sation attempt by ecological momentary assessment (EMA). In order to validate these trajectories we tested if they predict smoking frequency up to six months later. Methods: EMA via mobile phones was used to collect real time data on smoking (yes/no) after an unassisted quit attempt over 29 days. smoking frequency one, three and six months after the quit attempt was assessed with online questionnaires. Latent class growth modeling was used to analyze the data of 230 self-quitters. Results: Four different quitting trajectories emerged: quitter (43.9%), late quitter (11.3%), returner (17%) and persistent smoker (27.8%). The quitting trajectories predicted smoking frequency one, three and six months after the quit attempt (all p sions: Outcome after a smoking cessation attempt is better described by four distinct trajectories instead of a binary variable for abstinence or relapse. In line with the relapse model by Marlatt and Gordon, late quitter may have learned how to cope with lapses during one month after the quitting attempt. This group would have been allocated to the relapse group in traditional outcome studies.

关键词： smoking Cessation Lapse Relapse Process Ecological Momentary Assessment self-Quitter

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叉车和集装箱检查系统的保护装置

现代制造 2021年第11期 52-53页

作者： Tobias Zink Oliver bachmann 不详

HCs汉堡集装箱装卸服务公司12台配用了集装箱检查系统的超级叉车提高了空箱堆高时的工作效率,它们每年可以完成370000国际标准箱单位(TEU)的搬运任务。叉车门架和吊具上的机械联锁装置能够从集装箱底部进行检查。

关键词：服务公司集装箱装卸叉车工作效率保护装置标准箱

Morphological similarities between single-Walled Nanotubes and Tubelike structures of Polymers with strong Adsorption Affinity to Nanowires

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第5期13卷 1245-1264页

作者： Thomas Vogel Tali Mutat Joan Adler Michael bachmann Center for simulational Physics Department of Physics and AstronomyThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA Department of Physics TechnionIsrael Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel

In their tubelike phase,nanowire-adsorbed polymers exhibit strong structural similarities to morphologies known from single-walled carbon(hexagonal)and boron(triangular)nanotubes.since boron/boron nitride tubes require some disorder for stability the triangular polymer tubes provide a closer analog to the carbon tubes.By means of computer simulations of both two and three dimensional versions of a coarse-grained bead-spring model for the polymers,we investigate their structural properties and make a detailed comparison with structures of carbon nanotubes.

关键词： Polymers on surfaces Monte Carlo methods structure of carbon nanotubes boron nanotubes