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When Fleeing Matters:Differences in Escape Behaviours of Three Northeast Asian Anurans

Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 41-48页

作者： Yoonjung YI Zoljargal PUREVDoRJ Irina MAsLoVA Yikweon JANG amaël BoRZÉE Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Division of Ecoscience and Department of Life sciences Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760Republic of Korea Department of Biology School of MathematicsMongolian State University of EducationUlaanbaatar 210648Mongolia Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Federal scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

Prey species may have their own optimal escape strategy to balance predation risks and the energetic cost of *** species have an advantage when maintaining a short fleeing distance,while others may favour an earlier escape based on microhabitat,size,or body ***,we examined the escape behaviour of the three syntopic Northeast Asian anuran species:Mongolian toads(strauchbufo raddei),Amur brown frogs(Rana amurensis),and Japanese treefrogs(Dryophytes japonicus)in Mongolia,Russia,China and DPR *** examined flight initiation distance(FID;the distance from a potential predator to the point when the individual starts to flee)and distance fled(DF;distance between flight initiation and flight termination points)of each species and the effects of microhabitat,sex,and body *** raddei and *** had a longer FID than ***,and *** also had a longer DF than *** trends remained similar when dividing FID and DF by a size proxy(snout-vent length)for all *** suggests that the treefrog *** used a strategy to stay immobile even when they were detected,and the toad *** reacted quicker and more sensitively to predators despite the presence of *** *** had a significantly longer FID than males suggesting that females are more sensitive to predation risk in this species,but body size was not significant for any of the three *** results indicate that the three sympatric species have different escaping strategies,likely related to differences in physiology and crypticity.

关键词： amphibian distance fled escape behaviour flight initiation distance predation

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Rotating effects on the photoionization cross-section of a 2D quantum ring

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 153-159页

作者： Carlos Magno o Pereira Frankbelson dos s Azevedo Luís Fernando C Pereira Edilberto o silva Departamento de Física Universidade Federal do Maranh?o

In this article, we investigate the nonrelativistic quantum motion of a charged particle within a rotating frame, taking into account the Aharonov–Bohm(AB) effect and a uniform magnetic field. our analysis entails the derivation of the equation of motion and the corresponding radial equation to describe the system. solving the resulting radial equation enables us to determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, providing a clear expression for the energy levels. Furthermore,our numerical analysis highlights the substantial influence of rotation on both energy levels and optical properties. specifically, we evaluate the photoionization cross-section with and without the effects of rotation. To elucidate the impact of rotation on the photoionization process of the system, we present graphics that offer an appealing visualization of the intrinsic nature of the physics involved.

关键词： Aharonov-Bohm effect photoionization cross-section quantum ring rotating effect

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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental students towards orthodontic Treatment

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open Journal of stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： ama Agyeibea Amuasi ama B. Yeboah Daniel K. sabbah The Department of Child oral Health and orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of science and Technology (KNUsT) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUsT. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUsT pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUsT pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry students Quantitative study Convenience sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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Challenges and Motivating Factors of orthodontic Treatment among Patients Attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

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open Journal of stomatology 2024年第6期14卷 291-308页

作者： ama Agyeibea Amuasi Kwaku owusu-Ansah The Department of Child oral Health and orthodontics School of Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: orthodontic treatment poses challenges such as discomfort, aesthetic concerns, dietary restrictions, time commitment, and financial considerations for patients. These challenges can deter individuals from pursuing treatment or cause anxiety during the process. However, patients are motivated by the desire to improve their appearance, boost self-confidence, and enhance oral health. They also value the long-term benefits of treatment, including improved dental function and overall well-being. Professional recommendations from dentists and orthodontists, along with social support from family and friends, further encourage patients to undergo treatment. Understanding these challenges and motivating factors is crucial for orthodontic professionals to tailor treatment plans and ensure positive experiences and successful outcomes for their patients. objective: To determine the challenges and motivating factors of orthodontic treatment among patients attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Method: The study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, with a sample size of 60 orthodontic patients. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using sPss software. Ethical approval was obtained, and the findings were shared with stakeholders. Results: Findings showed a higher representation of females (63.3%) seeking orthodontic treatment. Common motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment included aesthetic Concerns (38.2%), misaligned teeth (28.1%) and recommendation from dentist (19.2%). Challenges reported included pain and discomfort (36.7%), difficulty chewing (15%), expensive treatment (14.4%) and missed appointments (11.7%). Factors motivating treatment continuation were visible improvements (30%), achieving optimal results (23%), reducing pain and discomfort (17%). External influences, such as family pressure, also played a role. Patients appreciated the support of healthcare providers during treatment but

关键词： orthodontic Treatment Aesthetics Motivation Chewing Cross-sectional Design

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High-precision inverse potentials for neutron-proton scattering using piece-wise smooth Morse functions

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第10期48卷 201-213页

作者： Ayushi Awasthi Arushi sharma Ishwar Kant o.s.K.s.sastri Department of Physics and Astronomical science Central University of Himachal PradeshDharmshala176215India

The aim of this study is to construct inverse potentials for various ℓ-channels of neutron-proton scattering using a piece-wise smooth Morse function as a *** phase equations for single-channel states and the coupled equations of multi-channel scattering are solved numerically using the 5^(th) order Runge-kutta *** employ a piece-wise smooth reference potential comprising three Morse functions as the initial *** a machine learning-based genetic algorithm,we optimize the model parameters to minimize the mean-squared error between simulated and anticipated phase *** approach yields inverse potentials for both single and multichannel scattering,achieving convergence to a mean-squared error≤10^(-3).The resulting scattering lengths"a_(0)"and effective ranges"r"for ^(3)s_(1) and ^(1)s_(0) states,expressed as[a_(0),r],are found to be[5.445(5.424),1.770(1.760)]and[–23.741(–23.749),2.63(2.81)],respectively;these values are in excellent agreement with experimental ***,the calculated total scattering cross-sections are highly consistent with their experimental counterparts,having a percentage error of less than 1%.This computational approach can be easily extended to obtain interaction potentials for charged particle scattering.

关键词： inverse potentials neutron-proton scattering piece-wise smooth Morse function phase function method reference potential approach genetic algorithm

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A review on the scale-up of high-shear wet granulation processes and the impact of process parameters

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 180-195页

作者： Ana Rita Alves Marta Filipe simões sérgio simões João Gomes University of Coimbra CERESDepartment of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyRua Sílvio Lima3030-790CoimbraPortugal Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica São Martinho do BispoCoimbra3045-016Portugal Faculty of Pharmacy University of CoimbraAzinhaga de Santa Comba3000-548CoimbraPortugal

Wet granulation is one of the most important agglomeration processes,and high-shear granulation(HsG)one of the most employed technologies in the pharmaceutical *** most critical process parameters of HsG are discussed in this *** main concern in scaling up the wet granulation process is the differences between scales,which prevent the particles from having the same experience across all *** scale-up of wet granulation processes is commonly divided into two categories:engineering and attribute-based *** engineering-based scale-up approach is a strategy based on dimensional analysis and an attribute-based supported on the principles of“equifinality”,where process variables are adjusted to obtain equivalent granule *** work presents the effect of different HsG process parameters on the scale-up,as well as the use of process analytical tools(PAT)and modelling *** aim is to review applied scale-up approaches in HsG and discuss benefits and *** is proven why the scale-up for oral solid pharmaceutical products is still considered a hot topic and a very challenging task for development and engineering teams.

关键词： High-shear wetgranulation Parametric-based Attribute-based Physics-based modelling Impeller design scale-up

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A secure Framework for WsN-IoT Using Deep Learning for Enhanced Intrusion Detection

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 471-501页

作者： Kumar C.o. Gajendran s. Marappan s. Zakariah M. Almazyad A.s. school of Computer science & Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 India school of Electronics & Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 India Department of Computer sciences and Engineering College of Applied Science King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

The security of the wireless sensor network-Internet of Things (WsN-IoT) network is more challenging due to its randomness and self-organized nature. Intrusion detection is one of the key methodologies utilized to ensure the security of the network. Conventional intrusion detection mechanisms have issues such as higher misclassification rates, increased model complexity, insignificant feature extraction, increased training time, increased run time complexity, computation overhead, failure to identify new attacks, increased energy consumption, and a variety of other factors that limit the performance of the intrusion system model. In this research a security framework for WsN-IoT, through a deep learning technique is introduced using Modified Fuzzy-Adaptive DenseNet (MF_AdaDenseNet) and is benchmarked with datasets like NsL-KDD, UNsWNB15, CIDDs-001, Edge IIoT, Bot IoT. In this, the optimal feature selection using Capturing Dingo optimization (CDo) is devised to acquire relevant features by removing redundant features. The proposed MF_AdaDenseNet intrusion detection model offers significant benefits by utilizing optimal feature selection with the CDo algorithm. This results in enhanced Detection Capacity with minimal computation complexity, as well as a reduction in False Alarm Rate (FAR) due to the consideration of classification error in the fitness estimation. As a result, the combined CDo-based feature selection and MF_AdaDenseNet intrusion detection mechanism outperform other state-of-the-art techniques, achieving maximal Detection Capacity, precision, recall, and F-Measure of 99.46%, 99.54%, 99.91%, and 99.68%, respectively, along with minimal FAR and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.9% and 0.11. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： accuracy Deep learning false alarm rate feature selection fuzzy rules intrusion detection wireless sensor networks

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Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 277-281页

作者： Óscar Darío García-García Víctor Carriel Jesús Chato-Astrain Department of Histology Tissue Engineering GroupUniversity of Granada&Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve *** to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental ***,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience *** this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining *** the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

关键词： fluorescence microscopy histology light microscopy lipid histochemistry metallographic techniques myelin histochemistry myelin immunohistochemistry myelin structure&composition myelin ultrastructural evaluation tissue fixation&processing

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Knowledge and the Attitude on the Use of Mouthwash among Two selected senior High schools in Kumasi

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open Journal of stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 218-234页

作者： ama Agyeibea Amuasi Kwame A. Koranteng Joseph Abu-sakyi The Department Child oral Health & orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana The Department of Community Dentistry School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGRoUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. oBJECTIVEs: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHoDoLoGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The statistical Package for social sciences (sPss) 22.0 and Ms Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. REsULTs: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CoNCLUsIoN: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.

关键词： oral Cavity Mouthwash Plaque Biofilm Gingivitis Convenient sampling

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Association of squatting Activities of Pregnant Women during the Antenatal Period and Labor outcomes

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open Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 278-294页

作者： sharada Manoj Aruna siriwardena Pulukkuttige ama Madhushani Perera Janakie Karunasingha Ward 18 Colombo South Teaching Hospital Kalubowila Sri Lanka

Aim: To investigate impact of antenatal squatting activities on labour outcomes. Methods: All eligible primigravida women, with singleton cephalic fetuses, who presented to ward 18 of Colombo south Teaching Hospital, sri Lanka, during the period 1st of February to 28th of May 2017 were invited into the study. Those who were already in active stage of labor (at least more than two moderate contractions per 10 minutes) on admission were excluded. Demographic data such as age, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation, latrine type in use, and booking Body mass index (BMI) were collected via an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data related to labor (modified Bishop score at onset of active labor, labor augmentation, pain relief, labor duration, mode of delivery, episiotomy or tears) and neonatal outcome (birth weight, APGAR score at 1, 5, 10 minutes) were collected from delivery notes. A pre tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding routine squatting activities during the previous 6 months. Pain visual analogue scale was used on day after delivery to assess the degree of labour pain. Duration of each squatting activity per day and number of days engaged with the activity per week;were used to calculate total squatting hours per week. In the absence of an accepted threshold for adequate squatting, we employed the sample mean as an operational data-driven threshold to define “more” against “less” squatting activities. Women who did not have squatting activities were considered as the controls. We used chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare characteristics and outcomes between those engaging in more and less levels of squatting activity. We fitted a series of logistic regression models with each dichotomized outcome as the dependent variable, more/less squatting activity as the main independent variable of interest, and age, gestation period, BMI and patient’s occupation as covariates. The resulting adjusted od

关键词： Antenatal squatting Labor outcomes

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