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s.rption and Frac.ionation of a Peat Derived Humic.Ac.d by Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, and Goethite

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Pedos.here 2009年第1期19卷 21-30页

作者： s. GHOs. WANG Zhen-Yu s. KANG P. c. bHOWMIK b. s. XING Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 （USA）. c.llege of Environmental s.ienc. and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 （China）

s.rption of humic.ac.d （HA） on mineral s.rfac.s.has.a profound interes. regarding the fate of hydrophobic.organic.c.ntaminants.（HOc.0} and c.rbon s.ques.ration in s.ils. The objec.ive of our s.udy is.to determine the frac.ionation behavior of HA upon s.rption on mineral s.rfac.s.with varying s.rfac. properties. HA was.c.ated s.quentially on kaolinite （1：1 c.ay）, montmorillonite （2：1 c.ay）, and goethite （iron oxide） for four times. The unads.rbed HA frac.ions.were c.arac.erized by elemental analys.s. diffus. reflec.anc. infrared Fourier trans.orm s.ec.ros.opy （DRIFT）, and s.lid s.ate 13c.nuc.ear magnetic.res.nanc. s.ec.ros.opy （NMR）. The mineral-HA c.mplexes.were c.arac.erized by DRIFT. Polarity index [（N＋O）/c. revealed higher polarity of the unads.rbed HA frac.ions.after c.ating on kaolinite, reflec.ing that relatively higher polarity frac.ions.of HA remain unads.rbed. s.rption of aiiphatic.alc.hol frac.ion along with c.rbohydrate was.prominent on kaolinite s.rfac.. DRIFT res.lts.of the unads.rbed HA frac.ions.indic.ted more s.rption of aiiphatic.moieties.on both kaolinite and montmorillonite. DRIFT res.lts.of the unads.rbed HA frac.ions.after s.rption on kaolinite and goethite s.owed the s.rption of the proteinac.ons.frac.ions.of HA. The HA frac.ions.obtained after c.ating on goethite s.owed s.gnific.nt s.rption of c.rboxylic.moieties. The res.lts.mentioned above c.mply reas.nably well with the DRIFT s.ec.ra of the minerai-HA c.mplexes. ^13c.NMR res.lts.s.owed higher s.rption of anomeric.c.on kaolinite s.rfac.. Higher s.rption of paraffinic.frac.ion was.obs.rved on montmorillonite. NMR data inferred the s.rption of c.rboxylic.moieties.on goethite s.rfac.. Overall, this.s.udy s.owed that aliphatic.moieties.of HA preferentially s.rbed on kaolinite and montmorillonite, while c.rboxylic.func.ional groups.play a s.gnific.nt role in s.rption of HA on goethite. The s.rbed frac.ions.of HA may modify the mineral s.rfac. properties. and thus. the interac.ion with organic.c.nt

关键词： c.rboxylic.group DRIFT hydrophobic NMR s.quential c.ating

Elec.ro-os.otic.flow of a s.c.nd-grade fluid in a porous.mic.oc.annel s.bjec. to an Ac.elec.ric.field

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Journal of Hydrodynamic. 2013年第2期25卷 309-316页

作者： MIs.A J. c. c.ANDRA s. Department of Mathematic. Institute of Technical Education and Research Siksha O Anusandhan University Department of Phys.c. Sabang S. K. Mahavidyalaya Vidyasagar University

s.udies.on elec.ro-os.otic.flows.of various.types.of fluids.in mic.oc.annel are of great importanc. owing to their multifold applic.tions.in the trans.ort of liquids. partic.larly when the ionized liquid flows.with res.ec. to a c.arged s.rfac. in the pres.nc. of an external elec.ric.field. In the c.s. of vis.oelas.ic.fluids. the volumetric.flow rate differs.s.gnific.ntly from that of Newtonian fluids. even when the flow takes.plac. under the s.me pres.ure gradient and the s.me elec.ric.field. With this.end in view, this.paper is.devoted to a s.udy c.nc.rning the flow pattern of an elec.ro-os.otic.flow in a porous.mic.oc.annel, whic. is.under the ac.ion of an alternating elec.ric.field. The influenc. of various.rheologic.l and elec.ro-os.otic.parameters. e.g., the Reynolds.number, Debye-Huc.el parameter, s.ape fac.or and fluid vis.oelas.ic.ty on the kinematic.0}of the fluid, has.been inves.igated for a s.c.ndgrade vis.oelas.ic.fluid. The problem is.firs. treated by us.ng analytic.l methods. but the quantitative es.imates.are obtained numeric.lly with the help of the s.ftware MATHEMATIc.. The res.lts.pres.nted here are applic.ble to the c.s.s.where the c.annel height is.muc. greater than the thic.nes. of the elec.ric.l double layer c.mpris.ng the s.ern and diffus. layers. The s.udy reveals.that a larger value of the Debye-Huc.el parameter c.eates.s.arper profile near the wall and als. that the veloc.ty of elec.ro-os.otic.flow inc.eas.s.as.the permeability of the porous.mic.oc.annel is.enhanc.d. The s.udy further s.ows.that the elec.ro-os.otic.flow dominates.at lower values.of Reynolds.number. The res.lts.pres.nted here will be quite us.ful to validate the obs.rvations.of experimental inves.igations.on the c.arac.eris.ic.0}of elec.ro-os.otic.flows.and als. the res.lts.of c.mplex numeric.l models.that are nec.s.ary to deal with more realis.ic.s.tuations. where elec.ro-os.otic.flows.c.me into the pic.ure, as.in blood flow in the mic.o-c.rc.latory s.s.em s.bjec. to an elec.

关键词： elec.ric.l double layer Debye length s.c.nd-grade fluid Ionic.energy

s.atis.ic.l modeling of radiolytic.(6Oc. γ) degradation of Ofloxac.n, antibiotic. s.nergetic.effec., kinetic.s.udies.& as.es.ment of its.degraded metabolites

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Frontiers.of Environmental s.ienc. & Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 147-161页

作者： G. s. Muthu Is.arya b. Nirkayani A. Kavithakani V. c. Padmanaban c.ntre for Res.arc. Department of Biotechnology Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology Madurai Tamilnadu India

The impac. of human ac.ivities.in the pas. few dec.des.has.paved the way for the releas. of pollutants.due to the improper effluent treatment. Rec.nt s.udies.revealed that, Ofloxac.n, an antibiotic.as.one of the major pollutant affec.ing s.rfac. water and ground water. In this.s.udy, the radiolytic.potential of Ofloxac.n was.inves.igated. The effec.s.of pH, dos. and c.nc.ntration of Ofloxac.n were analyzed us.ng One Fac.or At a Time (OFAT) and the interac.ive effec.s.between the parameters.were s.udied us.ng Fac. c.ntered c.ntral c.mpos.te Des.gn. The s.atis.ic.lly optimis.d developed model s.ows.30% degradation at initial antibiotic.c.nc.ntration of ImM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dos. of gamma ray. The proc.s. effic.enc. was.evaluated in terms.of G value and its.c.rrelation with the c.nc.ntration of antibiotic.was.als. es.ablis.ed. The proc.s. of degradation was.augmented by the addition of H2O2 (1.5 mM). The reac.ion kinetic.0}for the proc.s. was.evaluated, the dos. rate c.ns.ant and the rate of degradation for the augmented proc.s. was.found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, res.ec.ively. The degraded metabolites.of the radiolytic.degradation of Ofloxac.n were analyzed through c.ange in pH, reduc.ion in TOc.and Gc.Ms.s.ec.rum.

关键词： Ofloxac.n Gamma irradiation Fac. c.ntered c.ntral c.mpos.te des.gn Reac.ion kinetic. Gas c.romatography-Mas. s.ec.rum

Numeric.l inves.igation into the effec. of bac.filling on c.al pillar s.rength in highwall mining

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International Journal of Mining s.ienc. and Tec.nology 2018年第2期28卷 281-286页

作者： Mo s. c.nbulat I. Zhang c. Oh J. s.en b. Hagan P. s.hool of Mining Engineering The University of New South Wales c.0}RO Energy QCAT1 Technology Court

This.paper attempts.to quantify the effec. of bac.filling on pillar s.rength in highwall mining us.ng numeric.l modelling. c.libration agains. the new empiric.l s.rength formula for highwall mining was.c.nduc.ed to obtain the material parameters.us.d in the numeric.l modelling. With the obtained c.al s.rength parameters. three s.ts.of bac.fill properties.were inves.igated. The res.lts.reveal that the behavior of pillars.varies.with the type and amount of bac.fill as.well as.the pillar width to mining height ratio(w/h). In c.s. of c.hes.ve bac.fill, generally 75% bac.fill s.ows.a s.gnific.nt inc.eas. in peak s.rength, and the inc.eas. in peak s.rength is.more pronounc.d for the pillars.having lower w/h ratios. In c.s. of nonc.hes.ve bac.fill, the c.anges.in both the peak and res.dual s.rengths.with up to 92% bac.fill are negligible while the res.dual s.rength c.ns.antly inc.eas.s.after reac.ing the peak s.rength only when 100%bac.fill is.plac.d. bas.d on the modelling res.lts. different bac.filling s.rategies.s.ould be c.ns.dered on a c.s. by c.s. bas.s.depending on the type of bac.fill available and des.red pillar dimens.on.

关键词： Highwall mining bac.fill c.al pillar s.rength Numeric.l modelling

A dynamic.two-zone model of c.ntinuous.fluidized bed layering granulation with internal produc. c.as.ific.tion

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Partic.ology 2017年第2期15卷 8-14页

作者： c. Neugebauer s. Palis.A. buc. E. Ts.ts.s.s. Heinric. A. Kienle Otto yon Gueric.e Univers.ty Universitatsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Max Planc. Ins.itute for Dynamic.0}of c.mplex Tec.nic.l s.s.ems Sandtorstraβe 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Hamburg Univers.ty of Tec.nology Denickestraβe 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany

A dynamic.two-zone model is.propos.d to addres. the formation of granulation and drying zones.in fluidized bed layering granulation proc.s.es.with internal produc. c.as.ific.tion. The model as.umes.a c.ns.ant volume for the granulation zone, but a variable overall volume for the fluidized bed to ac.ount for c.as.ified produc. removal. The model is.us.d to s.udy the effec. of various.proc.s. parameters.on dynamic.0}and proc.s. s.ability. s.ability is.s.own to depend on the s.paration diameter of produc. removal and the flow rate of the injec.ed liquid. A lower and upper range of s.paration diameters.with s.able proc.s. behavior are found. In an intermediate range ins.ability in the form of s.lf-s.s.ained os.illations.is.obs.rved. The lower s.ability boundary is.in qualitative agreement with rec.nt experimental obs.rvations.（s.hmidt, büc., ＆ Ts.ts.s. 2015）; the upper boundary was.reported in a theoretic.l paper by Vreman, Van Lare, and Houns.ow （2009） bas.d on a s.ngle zone model.

关键词： Layering granulation Zone formation Internal produc. c.as.ific.tion Population balanc. modeling s.ability analys.s

s.rfac. s.ruc.uring of c.s. hardened c.ain pins.by c.ld-s.rayed mic.opartic.es.to modify fric.ion and wear properties

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Partic.ology 2015年第4期13卷 32-40页

作者： s. buhl K. s.hmidt D. s.ppok R. Merz c. Godard E. Kers.her M. Kopnars.i b. s.uer s. Antonyuk s. Ripperger Partic.e and Proc.s. Engineering University ofKaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Strafle 47 Kaiserslautern Germany Ins.itute of Mac.ine Elements Gears and Transmissions University ofgaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Strafge 42 Kaiserslautern Germany Materials.Tes.ing Gottlieb-Daimler-Strαβe 47 Kaiserslautern Germany IFOs.Ins.'tute Trippstadter Strafge 120 Kaiserslautern. Germany

This.paper pres.nts.the res.lts.of the applic.tion of a c.ld s.ray tec.nique for s.ruc.uring metallic.s.rfac.s.with mic.opartic.es. The res.lting c.anges.in s.rfac. properties.were c.arac.erized to obs.rve their influenc.s.on the tribologic.l behavior of the s.ruc.ured s.rfac.. The s.ray tec.nique was.applied to a tec.nic.l c.mponent, a 16Mnc.5 s.eel c.ain pin, des.gned to be mounted in a linear rec.proc.ting tribometer. TiO2 mic.opartic.es.were us.d to s.ruc.ure the s.rfac. with a homogeneous.dis.ribution of s.ngly dis.ers.d partic.es. rather than a homogeneous.c.os.d c.ating on the s.rfac.. Tribometer tes.s.were performed to direc.ly c.mpare s.ruc.ured and uns.ruc.ured c.ain pins. and a s.gnific.ntly reduc.d s.iding fric.ion c.effic.ent was.obs.rved for the s.ruc.ured pin. The pins.were c.arac.erized in detail by s.rfac. analys.s.prior to and after applic.tion of the tribologic.l load to s.t the s.rfac. parameters.and s.rfac. c.emis.ry, even on the mic.os.ale. It was.c.nfirmed that the partic.e s.ruc.uring induc.d c.anges.in the s.rfac. properties. and the durability of the c.anges.after tribologic.l loading was.evaluated.

关键词： c.ld s.raying s.rfac. s.ruc.uring TiO2 mic.opartic.es Driving c.ain s.iding fric.ion

s.perhydrophobic.PVDF/TiO_2-s.O_2 Membrane with Hierarc.ic.l Roughnes. in Membrane Dis.illation for Water Rec.very from Phenolic.Ric. s.lution c.ntaining s.rfac.ant

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c.ines. Journal of Polymer s.ienc. 2019年第6期37卷 609-616页

作者： N.Hamzah c.P.Leo b.s.Ooi s.hool of c.emic.l Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia

s.perhydrophobic.poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) membrane inc.rporated with nanopartic.es.was.applied in membrane dis.illation to rec.ver water from phenolic.ric. s.lution c.ntaining s.rfac.ant. The membranes.c.ated on woven s.pport were fabric.ted us.ng phas. invers.on with dual bath c.agulation and pos.-modified us.ng s.lane. The membranes.inc.rporated with TiO_2, s.O_2, or a mixture of TiO_2-s.O_2 nanopartic.es.ac.ieved the water c.ntac. angle higher than 160°. The addition of TiO_2-s.O_2 mixture into PVDF matrix further enhanc.d the hierarc.ic.l roughnes. of membrane. Henc., PVDF/TiO_2-s.O_2 membrane ac.ieved the highes. permeation flux and rejec.ed 99.9% of gallic.ac.d in the feed(100 g/L). PVDF/TiO_2-s.O_2 membrane als. maintained a relative flux(J/J0) higher than0.9 after 8 h of operation. Even with the pres.nc. of s.rfac.ant in phenolic.ric. s.lution, PVDF/TiO_2-s.O_2 membrane was.able to exhibit relative flux above 0.8. The s.gnific.nt c.anges.on the hydrophobic.ty and c.emic.l properties.of PVDF/TiO_2-s.O_2 membrane due to fouling were not obs.rved after 50 h of s.atic.ads.rption tes..

关键词： s.perhydrophobic PVDF Nano partic.es Roughnes. Membrane dis.illation

Impac.s.of Anthropogenic.Forc.ngs.and El Nio on c.ines. Extreme Temperatures

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Advanc.s.in Atmos.heric.s.ienc.s 2018年第8期35卷 98-106页

作者： N. FREYc.ET s. s.ARROW s. F. b. TETT M. J. MINETER G. c. HEGERL D. c. H. WALLOM s.hool of Geos.ienc.s University of Edinburgh Crew Building The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK Oxford e-Res.arc. c.ntre University of Oxford Oxford OX1 2JD United Kingdom

This.s.udy inves.igates.the potential influenc.s.of anthropogenic.forc.ngs.and natural variability on the ris. of s.mmer extreme temperatures.over c.ina. We us. three multi-thous.nd-member ens.mble s.mulations.with different forc.ngs.（with or without anthropogenic.greenhous. gas.s.and aeros.l emis.ions. to evaluate the human impac., and with s.a s.rfac. temperature patterns.from three different years.around the E1 Nino-s.uthern Os.illation （ENs.） 2015/16 event （years.2014, 2015 and 2016） to evaluate the impac. of natural variability. A generalized extreme value （GEV） dis.ribution is.us.d to fit the ens.mble res.lts. bas.d on thes. model res.lts. we find that, during the peak of ENs. （2015）, daytime extreme tem- peratures.axe s.aller over the c.ntral c.ina region c.mpared to a normal year （2014）. During 2016, the ris. of nighttime extreme temperatures.is.largely inc.eas.d over the eas.ern c.as.al region. both anomalies.are of the s.me magnitude as.the anthropogenic.influenc.. Thus. ENs. c.n amplify or c.unterbalanc. （at a regional and annual s.ale） anthropogenic.effec.s.on extreme s.mmer temperatures.over c.ina. c.anges.are mainly due to c.anges.in the GEV loc.tion parameter. Thus. anomalies.are due to a s.ift in the dis.ributions.and not to a c.ange in temperature variability.

关键词： extreme temperatures ENs. anthropogenic.impac. c.imate ris.

Trans.is.ion of 2.5 Gb/s.WDM c.annels.s.ac.d at 5 GHz over 480 km of s.ngle-Mode Fiber

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 537-538页

作者： s. b. Jun Y. c. c.ung Korea Advanc.d Ins.itute of s.ienc. and Tec.nologyDepartment of Elec.ric.l Engineering 373-1 Gus.ong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 KoreaKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Korea

We demons.rate the trans.is.ion of 2.5-Gb/s.WDM s.gnals.s.ac.d at 5 GHz over 480 km of s.ngle-mode fiber. The res.lts.indic.te that it s.ould be pos.ible to trans.it more than one thous.nd 2.5-Gb/s.c.annels.s.ac.d at ... 详细信息

关键词： WDM on in Trans.is.ion of 2.5 Gb/s.WDM c.annels.s.ac.d at 5 GHz over 480 km of s.ngle-Mode Fiber GHz of over