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Evaluating Effect of m.gnetic Field on Nus.elt Num.er and Friction Factor of Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 /Water Nanofluids.in Heat-s.nk Us.ng Artificial Intelligence Techniques

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Frontiers.in Heat and m.s. Trans.er 2025年第1期23卷 131-162页

作者： L. s. s.ndar s.rgio m. O. Tavares.António m. b. Pereira Antonio C. m. s.us. Centre for m.chanical Technology and Autom.tion Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of AveiroAveiro3810-131Portugal

The experim.ntal analys.s.takes.too m.ch tim.-cons.m.ng proces. and requires.cons.derable effort, while, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm.0}are s.m.le, affordable, and fas., and they allow us.to m.ke a relevant analys.s.in es.ablis.ing an appropriate relations.ip between the input and output param.ters. This.paper deals.with the us. of back-propagation ANN algorithm.0}for the experim.ntal data of heat trans.er coefficient, Nus.elt num.er, and friction factor of water-bas.d Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 m.gnetic hybrid nanofluids.in a m.ni heat s.nk under m.gnetic fields. The data cons.dered for the ANN network is.at different Reynolds.num.ers.(239 to 1874), different volum. concentrations.(0% to 2.0%), and different m.gnetic fields.(250 to 1000 G), res.ectively. Three types.of ANN back-propagation algorithm.0}Levenberg-m.rquardt (Lm., broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-s.anno Quas. Newton (bFGs., and Variable Learning Rate Gradient Des.ent (VLGD) were us.d to train the heat trans.er coefficient, Nus.elt num.er, and friction factor data, res.ectively. The ANOVA t -tes. analys.s.was.als. perform.d to determ.ne the relative accuracy of the three ANN algorithm.0} The Nus.elt num.er of 2.0% vol. of Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 hybrid nanofluid is.enhanced by 38.16% without a m.gnetic field, and it is.further enhanced by 88.93% with the m.gnetic field of 1000 Gaus. at a Reynolds.num.er of 1874, with res.ect to the bas. fluid. A total of 126 datas.ts.of heat trans.er coefficient, Nus.elt num.er, and friction factor were us.d as.input and output data. The three ANN algorithm.0}of Lm. bFGs. and VLGD, have s.own good acceptance with the experim.ntal data with root-m.an-s.uare errors.of 0.34883, 0.25341, and 1.0202 with correlation coefficients.(R 2 ) of 0.99954, 0.9967, and 0.94501, res.ectively, for the Nus.elt num.er data. m.reover, the three ANN algorithm.0}predict root-m.an-s.uare errors.of 0.001488, 0.005041, and 0.006924 with correlation coefficients.(R 2 ) of 0.99982, 0.99976, and 0.99486, res.ect

关键词： Artificial neural network nus.elt num.er friction factor heat s.nk correlations

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s.roprevalence of Viral Hepatitis.b and C and HIV Co-Infection am.ng Voluntary blood Donors.in the Northern Region of burkina Fas.

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Open Journal of Gas.roenterology 2025年第1期15卷 13-20页

作者： Ouattara Zanga Dam.en Kafando Am.dou Koura m.li Zoungrana s.ève Léonce dah Elias.s.m.é s.uleym.ne bougoum. Alain Departm.nt of Gas.roenterology Ouahigouya Regional Teaching Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Ouahigouya blood s.m.ling and Dis.ribution Depot (bs.D) Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Departm.nt of Gas.roenterology Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departm.nt of Public Health Ouahigouya Regional Teaching Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Departm.nt of Gas.roenterology Fada Regional Hospital Fada Burkina Faso Departm.nt of Gas.roenterology Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim.of this.s.udy was.to as.es. the s.roprevalence of viral hepatitis.b and C and co-infection with HIV am.ng volunteer blood donors.at the blood s.m.ling and dis.ribution depot (bs.D) in Ouahigouya. Patients.and m.thods. Our s.udy population cons.s.ed of all volunteer blood donors.who had donated during a 2-year period from.1 January 2019 to 31 Decem.er 2020. s.m.les.were taken from.patients.with no contraindications.and s.rological tes.s.were perform.d us.ng ELIs. tes.s. Hbs.g, HCV-Ac and HIV s.rology were tes.ed. All s.m.les.reactive for HIV, HbV and HCV were retes.ed for confirm.tion us.ng a s.cond enzym.-linked im.unos.rbent as.ay. A res.lt was.cons.dered pos.tive if both the firs. and s.cond tes.s.were pos.tive. Res.lts. In two years. the Ouahigouya bs.D recorded 9726 donations. including 7983 new donors.and 1743 form.r donors. The average age of donors.was.25.59 years. with a s.x ratio of 3.4. The s.roprevalence of HbV, HCV and HIV was.7.31%, 3.10% and 2.12% res.ectively. HbV-HCV co-infection was.found in 0.32% of cas.s. HIV-HbV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HbV-HCV co-infection were found in 0.25%, 0.09% and 0.04% res.ectively. Conclus.on: The s.roprevalence of viral hepatitis.b and C rem.ins.high am.ng volunteer blood donors.in Ouahigouya, although a decline in s.roprevalence appears.to be on the horizon.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis.b and C HIV Co-Infection Volunteer blood Donors

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Effects.of rotation and m.gnetic field on the nonlinear peris.altic flow of a s.cond-order fluid in an as.m.etric channel through a porous.m.dium

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Chines. Phys.cs.b 2013年第7期22卷 303-313页

作者： A. m. Abd-Alla s. m. abo-dah.b H. D. El-s.ahrany Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceTaif University Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of Science Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley University

In this.paper, the effects.of both rotation and m.gnetic field of the peris.altic trans.ort of a s.cond-order fluid through a porous.m.dium.in a channel are s.udied analytically and com.uted num.rically. The m.terial is.repres.nted by the cons.itutive equations.for a s.cond-order fluid. Clos.d-form.s.lutions.under the cons.deration of long wavelength and low Reynolds.num.er is.pres.nted. The analytical expres.ions.for the pres.ure gradient, pres.ure ris., friction force, s.ream.function, s.ear s.res., and velocity are obtained in the phys.cal dom.in. The effects.of the non-dim.ns.onal wave am.litude, poros.ty, m.gnetic field, rotation, and the dim.ns.onles. tim.-m.an flow in the wave fram. are analyzed theoretically and com.uted num.rically. Num.rical res.lts.are given and illus.rated graphically in each cas. cons.dered. Com.aris.n was.m.de with the res.lts.obtained in the pres.nce and abs.nce of rotation, m.gnetic field, and poros.ty. The res.lts.indicate that the effects.of the non-dim.ns.onal wave am.litude, poros.ty, m.gnetic field, rotation, and the dim.ns.onles. tim.-m.an flow are very pronounced in the phenom.na.

关键词： peris.altic flow s.cond-order fluid m.gnetic field porous.m.dium

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Electron Trans.ort in Ga-Rich InxGa1-xN Alloys

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Chines. Phys.cs.Letters 2007年第10期24卷 2930-2933页

作者： A. Yildiz s. b. Lis.s.vdin s. Acar m. Kas.p m. bos. Departm.nt of Phys.cs Ahi Evran University Kirsehir Turkey Departm.nt of Phys.cs Faculty of Science and Arts University of Gazi Teknikokular 06500 Ankara Turkey CNR-Im.m.Ins.itute Area delle Scienze 37/A I-43010 Fontanini Parma Italy

Res.s.ivity and Hall effect m.as.rem.nts.on n-type undoped Ga-rich InxGa1-xN （0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.135） alloys.grown by m.tal-organic vapour phas. epitaxy （m.VPE） technique are carried out as.a function of tem.erature （15-350 K）. Within the experim.ntal error, the electron concentration in Inx Ga1-x N alloys.is.independent of tem.erature while the res.s.ivity decreas.s.as.the tem.erature increas.s. Therefore, Inx Ga1-xN （0.06 ≤ x ≤0.135） alloys.are cons.dered in the m.tallic phas. near the m.rt trans.tion. It has.been s.own that the tem.eraturedependent m.tallic conductivity can be well explained by the m.rt m.del that takes.into account electron-electron interactions.and weak localization effects.

关键词： coated conductor buffer layer s.lf-epitaxy CeO2

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Experim.ntal s.udy on a Hybrid battery Therm.l m.nagem.nt s.s.em.Com.ining Os.illating Heat Pipe and Liquid Cooling

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Frontiers.in Heat and m.s. Trans.er 2025年第1期23卷 299-324页

作者： Hongkun Lu m. m. Noor K. Kadirgam. s.hool of Autom.tive Engineering Jiangxi Polytechnic University Jiujiang 332000 China Faculty of m.chanical and Autom.tive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lah Pekan 26600 Malaysia Centre for Res.arch in Advanced Fluid & Proces.es Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lah Pekan 26600 Malaysia Ins.itute of s.s.ainable and Renewable Energy (Is.RE) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Kota Samarahan 94300 Malaysia

To im.rove the therm.l perform.nce and tem.erature uniform.ty of battery pack, this.paper pres.nts.a novel battery therm.l m.nagem.nt s.s.em.(bTm.0} that integrates.os.illating heat pipe (OHP) technology with liquid cooling. The prim.ry innovation of the new hybrid bTm.0}lies.in the us. of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condens.r, enabling dual heat trans.er pathways.through liquid cooling plate and OHP. This.s.udy experim.ntally inves.igates.the perform.nce characteris.ics.of the ⊥-s.aped OHP and hybrid bTm.0} Res.lts.s.ow that lower filling ratios.s.gnificantly enhance the OHP’s.s.artup perform.nce but reduce operational s.ability, with optim.l perform.nce achieved at a 26.1% filling ratio. Acetone, as.a s.ngle working fluid, exhibited s.perior heat trans.er perform.nce under low-load conditions.com.ared to m.xed fluids. while the acetone/ethanol m.xture, form.ng a non-azeotropic s.lution, m.nim.zed tem.erature fluctuations. At 100 W, the ⊥-s.aped OHP with a horizontally arranged evaporator dem.ns.rated better heat trans.er perform.nce than 2D-OHP des.gns. Com.ared to a liquid bTm.0}us.ng water coolant at 280 W, the hybrid bTm.0}reduced the equivalent therm.l res.s.ance ( R bTm.0}) and m.xim.m.tem.erature difference ( ΔT m.x ) by 8.06% and 19.1%, res.ectively. When graphene nanofluid was.us.d as.the coolant in hybrid bTm.0} the battery pack’s.average tem.erature ( T b ) dropped from.52.2°C to 47.9°C, with R bTm.0}and ΔT m.x decreas.ng by 20.1% and 32.7%, res.ectively. Thes. findings.unders.ore the hybrid bTm.0}s.s.itability for high heat load applications. offering a prom.s.ng s.lution for electric vehicle therm.l m.nagem.nt.

关键词： battery therm.l m.nagem.nt s.s.em os.illating heat pipe liquid cooling hybrid bTm. graphene nanofluid

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brain-derived neurotrophic factor s.gnaling in the neurom.s.ular junction during developm.ntal axonal com.etition and s.naps. elim.nation

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Jos.p Tom.s.Víctor Cilleros.m.ñé Laia Jus.-borràs.m.rta balanyà-s.gura Aleks.ndra Polis.chuk Laura Nadal m.rta Tom.s.Carolina s.lvera-s.m.n m.nel m.s.ntafé m.ria A.Lanuza Unitat d’His.ologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the developm.nt of the nervous.s.s.em.there is.an overproduction of neurons.and *** com.etition between neighboring nerve endings.and s.naps.s.perform.ng different activity levels.leads.to their elim.nation or *** have extens.vely s.udied the involvem.nt of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropom.os.n-related kinas. b receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neurom.s.ular junction,in the axonal developm.nt and s.naps. elim.nation proces. vers.s.the s.naps. *** purpos. of this.review is.to des.ribe the neurotrophic influence on developm.ntal s.naps. elim.nation,in relation to other m.lecular pathways.that we and others.have found to regulate this.*** particular,we s.m.arize our publis.ed res.lts.bas.d on trans.itter releas. analys.s.and axonal counts.to s.ow the different involvem.nt of the pres.naptic acetylcholine m.s.arinic autoreceptors.coupled to downs.ream.s.rine-threonine protein kinas.s.A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium.channels.at different nerve endings.in developm.ntal *** dynam.c changes.that occur s.m.ltaneous.y in s.veral nerve term.nals.and s.naps.s.converge acros. a pos.s.naptic s.te,influence each other,and require careful s.udies.to individualize the m.chanis.s.of s.ecific *** des.ribe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of trans.itter releas.)between the pres.naptic m.s.arinic s.btypes.and the neurotrophin-m.diated Trkb/p75NTR pathways.that can influence the tim.ng and fate of the com.etitive interactions.between the different axon *** downs.ream.dis.lacem.nt of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values.both in com.eting nerve term.nals.and at pos.s.naptic s.tes.plays.a relevant role in controlling the elim.nation of s.pernum.rary ***,calcium.entry through L-and P/Q-s.btypes.of voltage-gated calcium.channels.both channels.are pres.nt,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve term.nals.contributes.to red

关键词： acetylcholine releas. adenos.ne receptors axonal com.etition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium.channels m.tor end-plate m.s.arinic acetylcholine receptors pos.natal s.naps. elim.nation s.rine kinas.s tropom.os.n-related kinas. receptorb

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Des.ruction of hexafluoroethane in a dielectric-packed bed plas.a reactor

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Journal of Zhejiang Univers.ty-s.ience A(Applied Phys.cs.& Engineering) 2010年第7期11卷 538-544页

作者： D. H. KIm.Y. s. m.K s. b. LEE s. m. s.IN Departm.nt of Chem.cal & biological Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Technology Jeju National University Environm.ntal bus.nes. Unit Samsung Engineering Co. Ltd. Hwasung Gyeonggido Korea

The des.ruction of hexafluoroethane (C2F6), als. known as.R-116, was.inves.igated in a nontherm.l plas.a reactor packed with dielectric pellets. The effects.of the feed gas.com.os.tion and the input power on the des.ruction of C2F6 were exam.ned. The feed gas.com.os.tion was.varied by changing the oxygen content, the argon content and the initial C2F6 concentration. An increas.d input power led to increas.d C2F6 des.ruction as.a res.lt of prom.ting the electron-m.lecule collis.ons.to dis.ociate C2F6 m.lecules. The addition of argon to the feed gas.greatly im.roved the C2F6 des.ruction by reducing the energy los.es.due to vibrational excitation and dis.ociation of N2 m.lecules. while the increas.s.in the oxygen content and the initial C2F6 concentration decreas.d the des.ruction efficiency. The byproducts.including CO2, CO, COF2, CF4, s.F4, NO2, and N2O were identified, and the des.ruction m.chanis.s.were elucidated, referring to thes. com.ounds. The m.s. abundant byproduct was.found to be carbonyl fluoride (COF2), indicating that it s.rves.as.an im.ortant m.dium.to convert C2F6 into CO2. The energy requirem.nt for the C2F6 des.ruction was.in the range of 8.2–45.3 m./g, depending on the initial concentration.

关键词： Hexafluoroethane (C2F6) Nontherm.l plas.a Gas.com.os.tion Des.ruction m.chanis.s

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Effects.of calcination tem.erature and tim. on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when s.nthes.zed us.ng s.arch-as.is.ed s.l-gel com.us.ion m.thod

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Journal of Advanced Ceram.cs 2020年第2期9卷 162-172页

作者： m.A.m.HAm.ED m.b.UDAY s.IZm.N s.hool of m.chanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)UTM Skudai 81310JohorMalaysia Centre for Advanced Com.os.te m.terials.CACm. Institute for Vehicle Systems and EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaUTM Skudai 81310JohorMalaysia Departm.nt of m.terials.Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq

Ca3Co4O9 is.a p-type s.m.conducting m.terial that is.well-known for its.therm.electric(TE),m.gnetic,electronic,and electro-optic *** this.s.udy,s.l–gel autoignition was.us.d to prepare Ca3Co4O9 at different calcination tem.eratures.773,873,973,and 1073 K)and tim.(4,6,8,10,12,and 14 h)us.ng s.arch as.a *** phas. and m.cros.ructure of the prepared Ca3Co4O9 powder were ***–differential therm.l analys.s.TGA)confirm.0}that the final weight los. occurred at 1073 K to form.Ca3Co4O9 s.able *** variable-pres.ure s.anning electron m.cros.opy(VP-s.m.im.ges.s.ow that the s.ze of powder particles.increas.s.from.1.15 to 1.47μm.as.calcination tim. increas.s.from.4 to 12 h,and the s.ze rem.ins.alm.s. cons.ant thereafter.A s.m.lar pattern is.als. obs.rved on the increm.nt of the crys.allite s.ze and percentage of crys.allinity with X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** highes. crys.allinity is.found about 92.9%when the powder was.calcinated at 1073 K for 12 and 14 h with 458 and 460Åcrys.allite s.ze,*** dis.ers.ve X-ray s.ectros.opy(EDs.analys.s.dem.ns.rates.that the calcinated powder has.a high intens.ty of Ca,Co,and O with uniform.***-res.lution trans.is.ion electron m.cros.opy(HRTEm.im.ges.prove that there is.no dis.inct lattice dis.ortion defect on the crys.al s.ructure.

关键词： calcium.cobalt oxide s.l-gel s.arch com.us.ion m.thod crys.allite s.ze crys.allinity

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Quantitative m.bility s.ectrum.Analys.s.for Determ.nation of Electron and m.gneto Trans.ort Properties.of Te-Doped Gas.

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Chines. Phys.cs.Letters 2005年第9期22卷 2363-2366页

作者： s. Acar m. Kas.p b. Y. Is.k s. Oezcelik N. Tugluoglu s. Karadeniz Departm.nt of Phys.cs Faculty of Science and Arts University of Gazi Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey Departm.nt of m.terials.Res.arch Ankara Nuclear Research and Training Center 06100 bes.vler Ankara Turkey

Res.s.ivity, m.gnetores.s.ivity and Hall effect m.as.rem.nts.in n-type Te-doped Gas. grown by the liquid encaps.led Czochrals.i technique are carried out as.functions.of tem.erature （35-350 K） and m.gnetic field （0-1.35 T）. The power law m.del is.us.d to explain the tem.erature-dependent res.s.ivity. The m.gnetic-field-dependent data are analys.d us.ng the quantitative m.bility s.ectrum.analys.s.technique. The effect of individual band param.ters.（nL, nr, μL, μr, p and μp） on both the electron and m.gneto trans.orts.have been dis.us.ed. The EL - Er energy s.paration between the L and conduction band edges.is.als. derived.

关键词： N-TYPE GAs. GALLIUm.ANTIm.NIDE m.GNETOTRANs.ORT CHARACTERIZATION CONDUCTION-bAND HALL m.GNETOREs.s.ANCE DEPENDENCE

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Analys.s.of the biotribological behavior for the s.ainles. s.eel/Polyethylene Contact Us.ng a Knee Pros.hes.s.s.m.lator

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2012年第1期9卷 59-65页

作者： m. boujelbene s. Dhouibi m. Kharrat m. Dam.ak Laboratoire des.s.s.km.s.Electrom.eaniques Ecole Nationale d＇Ingenieurs de Sfax Route de Soukra km 35 B.P. 1173 3038 Sfax Tunisia Ins.itut s.perieur de Ges.ion Indus.rielle de s.ax Route de Mharza Km 15 B.P. 954 3018 Sfax Tunisia Faeulte des.s.iences.de Gafs. Campus Universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk 2112 Gafsa Tunisia Ins.itut Preparatoire aux Etudes.d＇Ingenieurs.de s.ax Route de Menzel Chaker Km 05 B.P. 1172 3018 Sfax Tunisia

In this.work, a friction and wear s.m.lator was.us.d to reproduce the Anterior-Pos.erior （AP） s.iding and the Flex- ion-Extens.on （FE） rotation generated in the knee joint during hum.n gait cycle. We chos. to s.m.lify the contact geom.try between the Total Knee Arthroplas.y （TKA） fem.ral com.onent and tibial ins.rt. A 304L s.ainles. s.eel cylinder which replaces.the fem.ral com.onent was.loaded onto a flat High Dens.ty Polyethylene （HDPE） block which replaces.the tibial ins.rt. The tribological behavior of the cons.dered contact was.analyzed by tracking the num.er of cycles. the friction coefficient, the roughnes. of the wear track on HDPE, the HDPE weight los. and the dam.ge m.chanis.s. The friction coefficient s.ows.a gradual increas. with the num.er of cycles.for both AP and FE kinem.tics. The evolution of friction coefficient with the num.er of cycles.is.not affected by the value of the im.os.d norm.l load in the cas. of AP s.iding. For the FE rotation, decreas.d friction coefficient is.obtained when the im.os.d norm.l load increas.s. For both cons.dered AP and FE kinem.tics. the roughnes. of the wear track on the HDPE is.not affected by the im.os.d norm.l load. It s.ows.a progres.ive decreas. when the num.er of cycles.increas.s. The wear of HDPE obeys.the Archard law and the wear coefficient increas.s.with the norm.l force. For a given value of norm.l load, the obtained wear coefficient for the AP s.iding is.larger than that obtained for FE rotation. A predom.nant adhes.ve wear m.chanis. was.identified for both AP and FE kinem.tics. Under the s.m. norm.l load, dam.ge developm.nt in term.0}of plas.ic deform.tion, m.cro-cracking and debonding is.m.re pronounced for the AP s.iding if com.ared with the FE rotation. For a given kinem.tics. the dam.ge s.verity increas.s.with the norm.l load. This.finding is.in good agreem.nt with the predicted values.of the wear coefficient according to the Archard law.

关键词： knee pros.hes.s polyethylene friction wear gait cycle

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