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A New Method for Deriving High-Vertical-Res.lution Wind Vector Data from the L-Band Radar s.unding s.s.em in China

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Advances.in Atmos.heric s.iences 2024年第11期41卷 2192-2202页

作者： Yuan F. Zhou Z. Liao j. National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

High-vertical-res.lution radios.nde wind data are highly valuable for des.ribing the dynamics.of the mes.- and micros.ale atmos.here. However, the current algorithm us.d in China’s.L-band radar s.unding s.s.em for calculating high-vertical-res.lution wind vectors.exces.ively s.ooths.the data, res.lting in s.gnificant underes.imation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves.compared to s.milar products.from other countries. which greatly limits.the effective utilization of the data. To addres. this.is.ue, this.s.udy propos.s.a novel method to calculate high-vertical-res.lution wind vectors.that utilizes.the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and s.ant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a s.able quality, a two-s.ep automatic quality control procedure, including the RMs.-F (root-mean-s.uare error F) tes. and elemental cons.s.ency tes. are firs. applied to the s.ant range data, to eliminate continuous.erroneous.data caus.d by uns.able s.gnals.or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation s.heme bas.d on a s.iding s.cond-order polynomial fitting is.utilized to derive the high-vertical-res.lution radios.nde wind vectors. The evaluation res.lts.demons.rate that the wind data obtained through the propos.d method s.ow a high level of cons.s.ency with the high-res.lution wind data obs.rved us.ng the Vais.la Global Pos.tioning s.s.em and the data obs.rved by the new Beidou Navigation s.unding s.s.em. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves.in the recalculated wind data als. reaches.a level comparable to the Vais.la obs.rvations. © Ins.itute of Atmos.heric Phys.cs.Chines. Academy of s.iences. and s.ience Pres. 2024.

关键词： high-vertical-res.lution radios.nde wind vectors L-band radar s.unding s.s.em polynomial fitting quality control upper air

s.ngle-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes.for s.lective electrocatalys.s

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： s.muel s.Hardis.y Xiaoqian Lin Anthony R.j.Kucernak David Zitoun Department of Chemis.ry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemis.ry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing s.pported s.ngle atoms.as.catalys.s.pres.nts.an opportunity to reduce the us.ge of critical raw materials.s.ch as.platinum,which are es.ential for electrochemical reactions.s.ch as.hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we des.ribe the s.nthes.s.of a Pt s.ngle electrocatalys. ins.de s.ngle-walled carbon nanotubes.s.CNTs.via a redox *** via electron micros.opy,X-ray photoelectron micros.opy,and X-ray abs.rption s.ectros.opy s.ow the s.ngle-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the s.mple to hydrogen and oxygen was.inves.igated us.ng the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes.mas. trans.ort limitations.and gives.a thorough ins.ght into the activity of the *** s.ngle-atom s.mples.s.owed higher HOR activity than s.ate-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almos. no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** s.lective activity toward HOR aros. as.the main fingerprint of the catalys. confinement in the s.CNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalys.s hydrogen platinum s.ngle atom catalys.s

D-Dimer: Predictor of Pos.partum Hemorrhage among Pre-Eclamps.a at Kilimanj.ro Chris.ian Medical Centre

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Open j.urnal of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology 2024年第6期14卷 923-937页

作者： Hus.a s.lim Ally Nyas.tu G. Chamba Raziya Gaffur Nas.a Batchu Glory Mangi Pendo s. Mlay Bariki Mchome Mtoro j. Mtoro Thomas.j. Kakumbi Rafiki N. Mj.ma Doris.Rwenyagila Eus.bius.Maro Fredrick Mbis. Gilleard Mas.nga Patricia s. s.ai Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology KCMC Hospital Moshi Tanzania Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo) Moshi Tanzania

Background: Pos.partum hemorrhage (PPH) is.the maj.r contributor to maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide as.well as.in Tanzania. s.udies.have s.own Pre-eclamps.a as.a ris. indicator for Pos.partum hemorrhage and D-dimer tends.to ris. in women with pre-eclamps.a. Few s.udies.that have s.own the as.ociation between D-dimer and PPH have been controvers.al and differ according to ethnicity and lifes.yle. Hence there is.no s.itable reference interval for D-dimer in predicting Pos.partum hemorrhage among women with pre-eclamps.a. Broad Obj.ctive: This.s.udy aimed to as.es. the as.ociation, s.ns.tivity, and s.ecificity of D-dimer as.a laboratory predictor of pos.partum hemorrhage among women with pre-eclamps.a at KCMC hos.ital. Methodology: This.was.a hos.ital-bas.d analytical cros.-s.ctional s.udy conducted at KCMC Hos.ital in Northern Tanzania from s.ptember 2022 to March 2023. A total of 195 women with pre-eclamps.a were included in this.s.udy. Plas.a D-dimer levels.were taken from women with pre-eclamps.a pre-delivery. Haematocrit was.compared before and after delivery, and a fall of 10% was.cons.dered as.Pos.partum hemorrhage together with clinical as.es.ment of the patient. Participants.were divided among thos. who had s.vere features.and thos. who did not have s.vere features.and were further categorized into thos. who had PPH and thos. who did not have PPH. Logis.ic regres.ion was.us.d to determine the as.ociation between D-dimer and PPH adj.s.ing for other factors. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was.us.d to evaluate the predictive value. Res.lts. Higher median D-dimer levels.were s.en among women who had PPH compared to thos. who had no PPH. D-dimer was.s.en to be as.ociated with PPH, thus.for every unit increas. of µg/ml of D-dimer among women who had pre-eclamps.a without s.vere features.there was.a 14% s.gnificant increas. in the odds.of having pos.partum hemorrhage and a 45% s.gnificant increas. of having pos.partum hemorrhage among thos. who had pre

关键词： D-Dimer Preeclamps.a Pos.partum Hemorrhage Tanzania

A new approach to pedes.al differentiation for s.il los. es.imation-a cas. s.udy from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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j.urnal of Fores.ry Res.arch 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： Frank G.A.Verheij.n Martinho A.s.Martins.s.rgio A.Prats.j.n j.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine s.udies.CEs.M) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Ins.itute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

s.il pedes.als.have long been us.d as.qualitative indicators.of s.il s.las. *** rangelands.plant-capped pedes.als.generally gras. tus.ocks.have als. been us.d to quantitatively es.imate s.il los. s.nce the firs. half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands.fores.s.and bad-lands.s.one-capped pedes.als.have been us.d as.qualitative and s.mi-quantitative indicators.of active,'extreme'*** work has.been reported on us.ng caps.one pedes.al data for quantifying s.il *** pos.ulate that three dis.inct caps.one pedes.al types.may be pres.nt in any given location and that a detailed analys.s.of a pedes.al height his.ogram may be us.d to recognize their *** analys.s.can s.bs.quently inform if s.il los. can be reliably es.imated and if s.,which of the exis.ing methods.us.ng pedes.al height data will provide more accurate *** three propos.d caps.one pedes.al types.are:(1)neo-pedes.als.formed underneath s.rface s.ones.expos.d by(partial)removal of the s.il s.rface cover;(2)endo-pedes.als.formed underneath s.ones.that were buried in the s.il but have been expos.d by eros.on;and(3)phoenix-pedes.als.formed underneath s.ones.from collaps.d *** the pedes.al height his.ogram of any given location,a s.ew to s.aller heights.may indicate the exis.ence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedes.als.which may be revealed as.a bi-(or tri)modal dis.ribution when us.ng a s.aller bin *** concept was.applied to a cas. s.udy where s.il los. had been monitored for control plots.and mulched plots.during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** meas.red pedes.al heights.and us.d methods.to quantitatively as.es. s.il los. from s.il pedes.al data in the available *** pedes.al data at the end of the 5-year period under or overes.imated s.il los. in the control treatment,with res.lts.ranging from 60 to 115%of meas.red s.il los.,depending on the *** is.pos.ulated that phoenix-and endo-pedes.als.may be a driving fact

关键词： s.il pedes.als Mulch Wildfire s.il eros.on Char

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An As.es.ment of s.ltwater Intrus.on in Coas.al Regions.of Lagos. Nigeria

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j.urnal of Geos.ience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 93-119页

作者： Obunadike Callis.us.Akerele D. Daniel Abiodun O. Pelumi Olis.h s.mtobe Oloyede Kunle Obunadike s. Echezona Obunadike j. Chinenye Department of Geos.iences Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Freiberg Germany Department of Cons.ruction Management University of Washington Seattle USA Department of Civil Engineering Morgen State University Baltimore USA Department of Geography University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Biochemis.ry Anambra State University Uli Nigeria Department of Geology Anambra State University Uli Nigeria

This.paper explains.various.factors.that contribute to s.ltwater intrus.on, including overexploitation of fres.water res.urces.and climate change as.well as.the different techniques.es.ential for effective s.ltwater intrus.on management. The impact of s.ltwater intrus.on along coas.al regions.and its.impact on the environment, hydrogeology and groundwater contamination. It s.gges.s.potential s.lutions.to mitigate the impact of s.ltwater intrus.on, including effective water management and techniques.for managing s.I. The application of A.I (as.es.ment index) s.rves.as.a guideline to correctly identify wells.with s.I ranging from no intrus.on, s.ight intrus.on and s.rong intrus.on. The challenges.of s.ltwater intrus.on in Lagos.and the s.linization of wells.were inves.igated us.ng the hydro-chemical parameters. The s.udy identifies.four wells.(“AA”, “CMs., “OBA” and “VIL”) as.having high electric conductivities. indicating s.line water intrus.on, while other wells.(“EBM”, “IKj. and “IKO”) with lower electric conductivities. indicate little or no s.lt-water intrus.on, and “Aj. well s.ows.s.ight intrus.on. The elevation of the wells.als. played a vital role in the s.I acros. coas.al regions.of Lagos. The s.udy recommends.continuous.monitoring of coas.al wells.to help s.s.ain and reduce s.line intrus.on. The findings.of the s.udy are important for policymakers. res.archers. and practitioners.who are interes.ed in addres.ing the challenges.of s.ltwater intrus.on along coas.al regions. We as.es.ed the s.I acros. the eight (8) wells.us.ng the As.es.ment Index to identify wells.with s.I. Wells.in “CMs. and “VIL” has.s.rong intrus.ons. A propos.d clas.ification s.s.em bas.d on s.ecific ion ratios.categorizes.water quality from good (+) to highly (-) contaminated (refer to Table 4). Thes. findings.unders.ore the need for attention and effective management s.rategies.to addres. groundwater uns.itability for various.purpos.s.

关键词： Hydro-Chemical Data Analys.s s.line Incurs.on Aquifer s.s.ainability and Management Coas.al Regions Ground Water Intrus.on

s.ructural effects.induced by dialys.s.bas.d purification of carbon nanomaterials

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Nano Materials.s.ience 2024年第4期6卷 475-483页

作者： A.D.Velos. A.M.Ferraria A.M.Botelho do Rego A.s.Viana A.j.s.Fernandes.A.j.Fielding R.A.Videira M.C.Oliveira CQ-VR and Chemis.ry Department University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Bs.RG iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartment of Chemical Engineeringand Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and BioeconomyInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Centro de Química Es.rutural Institute of Molecular SciencesDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa I3N and Phys.cs.Department University of AveiroCampus de Santiago Faculty of s.ience Pharmacy and Biomolecular SchoolLiverpool John Moores University REQUIMTE/LAQV Laborat orio de FarmacognosiaDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Farm aciaUniversidade do Porto

Dialys.s.plays.a crucial role in the purification of nanomaterials.but its.impact on the s.ructural properties.of carbon nanomaterials.was.never ***,a carbon-bas.d nanomaterial generated electrochemically in potas.ium phos.hate buffer,was.characterized before and after dialys.s.agains. pure *** is.s.own that dialys.s.affects.the s.ze of the carbon domains.s.ructural organization,s.rface functionalization,oxidation degree of carbon,and grade of ***,dialys.s.drives.the nanomaterial organization from dis.rete roundis. carbon domains.with s.zes.ranging from 70 to 160 nm,towards.linear s.acking s.ructures.of s.all nanoparticles.（s.rface groups.evolve into more oxidized carbon groups.（e.g.,ketone and es.er groups..Inves.igation of the as.prepared nanomaterial by electron paramagnetic res.nance （EPR） revealed a res.nance s.gnal cons.s.ent with carbon-oxygen centred ***,this.s.udy brings.to light the s.lective affinity of the carbon nanomaterial under s.udy to capture Na+ions.a property greatly enhanced by the dialys.s.proces.,and its.high ability to trap oxygen,particularly before *** findings.open new pers.ectives.for the application of carbon-bas.d nanomaterials.and rais. awarenes. of the importance of s.ructural changes.that can occur during the purification of carbon-bas.d nanomaterials.

关键词： Nanocarbon s.rface functionalization NMR XPs Hydrophilic carbon Paramagnetic

Utilization of RNA s.quencing to inves.igate olfactory dys.unction in chronic rhinos.nus.tis.without nas.l polyps.A pilot s.udy

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World j.urnal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： j.rge A.Gutierrez III j.remy L.Barth Rodney j.s.hlos.er Thomas.s.Edwards.Timothy L.s.ith Zachary M.s.ler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Obj.ctives.Prior res.arch on olfactory dys.unction in chronic rhinos.nus.tis.CRs.has.focus.d on patients.with polyps.and s.gges.s.that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucos. plays.a contributory *** purpos. of this.s.udy was.to evaluate gene expres.ion in s.perior turbinate mucos.l s.ecimens.comparing normos.ic and dys.s.ic CRs.patients.without polyps.CRs.NP).Methods.Tis.ue s.mples.were obtained from the s.perior turbinates.of patients.with CRs.NP at the time of endos.opic s.nus.*** s.bs.quently underwent RNA s.quencing and functional analys.s.to inves.igate biological pathways.as.ociated with differentially expres.ed genes.between dys.s.ic(n=7)and normos.ic(n=4)***:Differential gene expres.ion analys.s.comparing dys.s.ic and normos.ic CRs.NP patients.s.owed upregulation of 563 genes.and downregulation of 327 *** s.ringent criteria for multiple comparis.ns.one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Res.ons. 3[IER3])had an fals. dis.overy rate(FDR)correction adj.s.edP value cons.dered s.atis.ically s.gnificant(Ps.s.revealed eight biological pathways.s.gnificantly different between dys.s.ic and normos.ic patients.Ps.gnaling,IL-10 s.gnaling,and rhodops.n-like ***:RNA s.quencing of the s.perior turbinates.in patients.with CRs.NP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways.and genes.involved in olfactory *** s.udy s.pports.literature s.gges.ing that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dys.unction in at leas. s.me patients.with *** s.udy als. prompts.ques.ions.regarding the role of IL-10,rhodops.n-like receptors.andIER3 in the pathogenes.s.of olfactory dys.unction.

关键词： chronic rhinos.nus.tis.without nas.l polyps olfactory dys.unction RNA s.quencing

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Collis.onles. s.ock acceleration of protons.in a plas.a s.ab produced in a gas.j.t by the collis.on of two las.r-driven hydrodynamic s.ockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-R.Marquès.L.Lancia P.Lois.au P.Fores.ier-Colleoni M.Taris.en E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Cons.li j.Domange F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï M.s.lvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Univers.téParis.s.clay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance Gs. Helmholtzzentrum für s.hwerionenfors.hung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Univers.ty of Darms.adt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fus.on and Technologies.for Nuclear s.fety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Univers.téParis.s.clay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently propos.d a new technique of plas.a tailoring by las.r-driven hydrodynamic s.ockwaves.generated on both s.des.of a gas.j.t[Marquès.et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this.numerical work,we s.udy experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intens.ty picos.cond las.r in three cas.s.without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance s.de of the picos.cond las.r,and by tailoring both s.des.of the gas.*** tailoring,the acceleration is.trans.ers. to the las.r axis.with a low-energy exponential s.ectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front s.de of the gas.j.t is.tailored,a forward acceleration appears.which is.s.gnificantly enhanced when both the front and back s.des.of the plas.a are *** forward acceleration produces.higher-energy protons.with a peaked s.ectrum,and is.in good agreement with the mechanis. of collis.onles. s.ock acceleration(Cs.).The s.atiotemporal evolution of the plas.a profile is.characterized by optical s.adowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and abs.rption of this.beam are s.mulated by pos.-proces.ing 3D hydrodynamic s.mulations.of the plas.a *** with the experimental res.lts.allows.es.imation of the thicknes. and near-critical dens.ty of the plas.a s.ab produced by tailoring both s.des.of the gas.*** parameters.are in good agreement with thos. required for Cs..

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collis.on

The CCD ins.rument background of the s.ILE s.I

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Earth and Planetary Phys.cs 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.W.j.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.j.Hall T.W.Buggey s.Pars.ns.T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani s.s.mbay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Obs.rvational As.ronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The Es. and CAs.s.ILE mis.ion orbit is.highly elliptical and will pas. through multiple radiation *** s.ft X-ray Imager(s.I)ins.rument aboard has.a radiation s.utter door des.gned to clos. when the s.rrounding radiation flux is.*** s.utter door will clos. when pas.ing below an altitude thres.old to protect agains. trapped particles.in the Earth’s.Van Allen ***,two radiation environments.can be approximated bas.d on the s.utter door pos.tion:open and *** ins.rument background for the CCDs.Charge-Coupled Devices.that form the focal plane array of the s.I were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the s.ace environment with the s.lar cycle,the s.lar minima and maxima,the background was.als. evaluated at thes. two *** res.lts.demons.rated that the highes. ins.rument background will occur during s.lar minima due to the main contributing s.urce being Galactic Cos.ic Rays.GCRs..It was.als. found that the open background was.highes. for s.lar minima and that the clos.d background was.highes. during s.lar *** is.due to the radiation s.utter door acting as.a s.attering centre and the changes.in the energy flux dis.ribution of the GCRs.between the two s.lar extremes.

关键词： ins.rument background X-ray as.ronomy s.ace radiation

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