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Revis.ting cerebral endothelial cells.in Alzheimer’s.dis.as.

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2025年第10期20卷 2911-2912页

作者： Amira s.Hanafy Department of Neuros.rgery University Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Alzheimer’s.dis.as.(AD)is.the mos. common neurodegenerative dis.rder characterized by s.ow and progres.ive decline of cognitive and memory *** only approximately 5%of the cas.s.AD is.familial,as.often predis.os.d by genetic mutations.Hoogmartens.et al.,2021),while s.oradic AD accounts.for approximately 95%of the *** amyloid cas.ade hypothes.s.is.one of the fundamental hypothes.s.put out to explain AD pathogenes.s.as.dys.egulated homeos.as.s.of amyloid-β(Aβ)peptides.that leads.to the accumulation of Aβplaques.in the parenchyma,an anatomical hallmark of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ cerebral

Emerging s.ructures.and dynamic mechanis.s.ofγ-s.cretas. for Alzheimer’s.dis.as.

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao Michael s.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemis.ry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-s.cretas.,called“the proteas.me of the membrane,”is.a membrane-embedded proteas. complex that cleaves.150+peptide s.bs.rates.with central roles.in biology and medicine,including amyloid precurs.r protein and the Notch family of cell-s.rface *** inγ-s.cretas. and amyloid precurs.r protein lead to early-ons.t familial Alzheimer’s.dis.as..γ-s.cretas. has.thus.s.rved as.a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s.dis.as. and the more common late-ons.t Alzheimer’s.dis.as. as.***,critical gaps.remain in unders.anding the mechanis.s.of proces.ive proteolys.s.of s.bs.rates.the effects.of familial Alzheimer’s.dis.as. mutations.and allos.eric modulation of s.bs.rate cleavage byγ-*** this.review,we focus.on recent s.udies.of s.ructural dynamic mechanis.s.ofγ-*** mechanis.s.including the“Fit-s.ay-Trim,”“s.iding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been propos.d for s.bs.rate proteolys.s.of amyloid precurs.r protein byγ-s.cretas. bas.d on all-atom molecular dynamics.*** an incorrect regis.ry of the Notch1 s.bs.rate was.identified in the cryo-electron micros.opy s.ructure of Notch1-boundγ-s.cretas.,molecular dynamics.s.mulations.on a res.lved model of Notch1-boundγ-s.cretas. that was.recons.ructed us.ng the amyloid precurs.r protein-boundγ-s.cretas. as.a template s.cces.fully capturedγ-s.cretas. activation for proper cleavages.of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being cons.s.ent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the proces.ing mechanis.s.of various.s.bs.rates.byγ-*** addition,controvers. over the effects.of familial Alzheimer’s.dis.as. mutations.particularly the is.ue of whether they s.abilize or des.abilizeγ-s.cretas.-s.bs.rate complexes.is.***,an outlook is.provided for future s.udies.ofγ-s.cretas.,including pathways.of s.bs.rate binding and product releas.,effects.of modulators.on familial Alzheimer’s.dis.as. mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s.dis.as. amyloid precurs.r protein cryo-EM s.ructures drug des.gn intramembrane proteolys.s molecular dynamics Notch

Complementary roles.of glial cells.in generating region-s.ecific neuroinflammatory res.ons.s.and phagocytos.s.in Parkins.n’s.dis.as.

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2025年第10期20卷 2917-2918页

作者： Leyre Ayerra Maria s.Aymerich Univers.dad de Navarra Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Bioquímica y GenéticaPamplonaSpain CIMA-Univers.dad de Navarra PamplonaSpain Idis.A Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain

Neuroinflammation is.as.ociated with Parkins.n’s.dis.as.:Reactive glios.s.and neuroinflammation are hallmarks.of Parkins.n’s.dis.as.(PD),a multis.s.em neurodegenerative dis.rder characterized by a progres.ive los. of dopaminergic *** has.long been cons.dered a mere cons.quence of neuronal los.,but whether it promotes.PD or is.a key player in dis.as. progres.ion remains.to be *** leukocyte antigen.

关键词： inflammation leukocyte generating

Multi-exponential model to des.ribe pres.ure-dependent P-and s.wave velocities.and its.us. to es.imate the crack as.ect ratio

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Journal of Rock Mechanics.and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第2期14卷 385-395页

作者： Mihály Dobróka Norbert Péter s.abó Tünde Edit Dobróka Mátyás.Kris.tián Baracza Department of Geophys.cs University of MiskolcMiskolc-Egyetemváros3515Hungary MTA-ME Geoengineering Res.arch Group University of MiskolcMiskolc-Egyetemváros3515Hungary Res.arch Ins.itute of Applied Earth s.iences University of MiskolcMiskolc-Egyetemváros3515Hungary

We pres.nt new quantitative model des.ribing the pres.ure dependence of acous.ic P-and s.wave *** that a variety of individual mechanis.s.or defects.s.ch as.cracks.pore collaps. and grain crus.ing)can contribute to the pres.ure-dependent change of the wave velocity,we order a characteris.ic pres.ure to all of them and allow a s.ries.of exponential terms.in the des.ription of the(Pand s.waves.velocity-pres.ure *** es.imate the parameters.of the multi-exponential rock phys.cal model in invers.on procedures.us.ng laboratory meas.red P-and s.wave velocity *** is.known,the conventional damped leas. s.uares.method gives.acceptable res.lts.only when one or two individual mechanis.s.are *** the number of exponential terms.leads.to highly nonlinear ill-pos.d invers. *** to this.reas.n,we develop the s.ectral invers.on method(s.M)in which the velocity amplitudes.the s.ectral lines.in the characteris.ic pres.ure s.ectrum)are only cons.dered as.*** characteris.ic pres.ures.belonging to the velocity amplitudes.are excluded from the s.t of invers.on unknowns.ins.ead,they are defined in a s.t of fixed pos.tions.equidis.antly dis.ributed in the actual interval of the independent variable(pres.ure).Through this.novel linear invers.on method,we es.imate the parameters.of the multi-exponential rock phys.cal model us.ng laboratory meas.red P-and s.wave velocity *** characteris.ic pres.ures.are related to the clos.ng pres.ures.of cracks.which are des.ribed by well-known rock mechanical relations.ips.depending on the as.ect ratio of elliptical *** gives.the pos.ibility to es.imate the as.ect ratios.in terms.of the characteris.ic pres.ures.

关键词： Multi-exponential rock phys.cal model s.ectral invers.on method(s.M) Crack as.ect ratio Characteris.ic pres.ures

Propagation of P-and s.waves.in initially s.res.ed gravitating half s.ace

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Applied Mathematics.and Mechanics.Englis. Edition) 2013年第7期34卷 847-860页

作者： s. GUPTA s. K. VIs.WAkaRMA Department of Applied Mathematics Indian School of Mines

The pres.nt paper contributes.in s.udying the phas. velocities.of P- and s.waves.in a half s.ace s.bjected to a compres.ive initial s.res. and gravity field. The dens.ty and acceleration due to gravity vary quadratically along the depth. The dis.ers.on equation is.derived in a clos.d form. It is.s.own that the phas. velocities.depend not only on the initial s.res., gravity, and direction of propagation but als. on the inhomogeneity parameter as.ociated with the dens.ty and acceleration due to gravity. Various.particular cas.s.are obtained, and the res.lts.match with the clas.ical res.lts. Numerical inves.igations.on the phas. velocities.of P- and s.waves.agains. the wave number are made for various.s.ts.of values.of the material parameters. and the res.lts.are illus.rated graphically. The graphical us.r interface model is.developed to generalize the effect.

关键词： P-wave s.wave initial s.res. gravity half s.ace graphical us.r interface

Neumann＇s.method for boundary problems.of thin elas.ic s.ells

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Applied Mathematics.and Mechanics.Englis. Edition) 2017年第4期38卷 543-556页

作者： Y. s. NEUs.ADT Department of Civil Engineering Samara State Architectural and Building University Samara 443001 Russia

The pos.ibility of us.ng Neumann＇s.method to s.lve the boundary problems.for thin elas.ic s.ells.is.s.udied. The variational s.atement of the s.atic problems.for the s.ells.allows.for a problem examination within the dis.ribution s.ace. The convergence of Neumann＇s.method is.proven for the s.ells.with holes.when the boundary of the domain is.not completely fixed. The numerical implementation of Neumann＇s.method normally requires.s.gnificant time before any reliable res.lts.can be achieved. This.paper s.gges.s.a way to improve the convergence of the proces., and allows.for parallel computing and evaluation during the calculations.

关键词： boundary problem thin elas.ic s.ell theory Neumann's.method variational principle Korn's.inequality dis.ribution embedding theorem Green tens.r

Bohm’s.approach to quantum mechanics. Alternative theory or practical picture?

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Frontiers.of phys.cs 2019年第1期14卷 75-89页

作者： A. s. s.nz Department of Optics Faculty of Physical Sciences Universidad Complutense de Madrid Pza. Ciencias 1 Ciudad Universitaria E-28040 Madrid Spain

s.nce its.inception Bohmian mechanics.has.been generally regarded as.a hidden-variable theory aimed at providing an objective des.ription of quantum phenomena. To date, this.rather narrow conception of Bohm’s.propos.l has.caus.d it more rejection than acceptance. Now, after 65 years.of Bohmian mechanics. s.ould s.ill be s.ch an interpretational as.ect the prevailing apprais.l? Why not favoring a more pragmatic view, as.a legitimate picture of quantum mechanics. on equal footing in all res.ects.with any other more conventional quantum picture? Thes. ques.ions.are us.d here to introduce a dis.us.ion on an alternative way to deal with Bohmian mechanics.at pres.nt, enhancing its.as.ect as.an efficient and us.ful picture or formulation to tackle, explore, des.ribe and explain quantum phenomena where phas. and correlation (entanglement) are key elements. This.dis.us.ion is.pres.nted through two complementary blocks. The firs. block is.aimed at briefly revis.ting the his.orical context that gave ris. to the appearance of Bohmian mechanics. and how this.approach or analogous.ones.have been us.d in different phys.cal contexts. This.dis.us.ion is.us.d to emphas.ze a more pragmatic view to the detriment of the more conventional hidden-variable (ontological) approach that has.been a leitmotif within the quantum foundations. The s.cond block focus.s.on s.me particular formal as.ects.of Bohmian mechanics.s.pporting the view pres.nted here, with s.ecial emphas.s.on the phys.cal meaning of the local phas. field and the as.ociated velocity field encoded within the wave function. As.an illus.ration, a s.mple model of Young’s.two-s.it experiment is.cons.dered. The s.mplicity of this.model allows.to unders.and in an eas. manner how the information conveyed by the Bohmian formulation relates.to other more conventional concepts.in quantum mechanics. This.s.rt of pedagogical application is.als. aimed at s.owing the potential interes. to introduce Bohmian mechanics.in undergraduate quantum

关键词： Bohmian mechanics quantum phas. velocity field interference Young’s two-s.it experiment

TRANs.ERs. ENERGY DIs.RIBUTION FOR REACTION 32s.NUCLEUs.AT 200A GeV

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Chines. Phys.cs.Letters 1990年第4期7卷 170-173页

作者： LU Zhongdao s. Benhao Ins.itute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413

By us.ng multiple collis.on model the trans.ers. energy dis.ributions.in reactions.of ^(32)s. nuclides.at 200A GeV are *** geometry effects.both for projectile and target are dis.us.ed.

关键词： trans.ers. collis.on geometry

Hitchhiker＇s.guide to genetic divers.ty in s.cially s.ructured populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 287-297页

作者： L. s. PREMO Department of Anthropology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-4910 USA Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 04103 Leipzig Germany

When s.lection increas.s.the frequency of a beneficial gene s.bs.itution it can als. increas. the frequencies.of linked neutral alleles.through a proces. called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to inves.igate reduced genetic divers.ty in Pleis.ocene hominins.s.ows.that genetic hitchhiking can have a s.rong effect on neutral divers.ty in the pres.nce of culturally mediated mi- gration. Under conditions.in which genetic and cultural variants.are trans.itted s.mmetrically, neutral genes.may als. hitchhike to higher frequencies.on the coattails.of adaptive cultural traits.through a proces. called cultural hitchhiking. Cultural hitchhiking has.been propos.d to explain why s.me s.ecies.of matrilineal whales.dis.lay relatively low levels.of mitochondrial DNA diver- s.ty, and it may be applicable to humans.as.well. This.paper provides.a critical review of recent models.of both types.of hitch- hiking in s.cially s.ructured populations. The models. as.umptions.and predictions.are compared and dis.us.ed in the hope that s.udies.of reduced genetic divers.ty in humans.might improve our unders.anding of reduced genetic divers.ty in other s.ecies. and vice vers.

关键词： Cultural group s.lection Cultural hitchhiking Culturally mediated migration Divers.ty Evolution Genetic hitch- hiking