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Es.imating the Monetary Value of Hours.Los. to the Nigerian Public Healthcare s.s.em When Full-Time Government Employee Doctors.Engage in Dual Practice

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Health 2023年第2期15卷 215-238页

作者： Bartholomew s. Eze Mari Jones.Imani s.lver Kyaruzi Department of Health Adminis.ration and Management Enugu Campus University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria s.ans.a Centre for Health Economics Swansea University Swansea UK QA Higher Education Birmingham UK

Background: Dual Practice (DP) allows.full-time public s.ctor doctors.to concurrently offer the s.me clinical s.rvices.in the private s.ctor. The debate agains. this.practice s.ems.to be largely influenced by its.potential to reduce the contracted hours.in the public s.ctor and s.ift attention to private work. Purpos.: The purpos. of this.s.condary res.arch is.to es.imate the monetary value of hours.los. to the Nigerian public healthcare s.s.em when full-time government employee doctors.are engaged in private practice. It attempts.to quantify the amount of res.urce outflow from the public s.s.em due to abs.nces.and latenes. aris.ng from competition for time between the public s.s.em’s.contracted hours.and private practice. Methods. s.ns.tivity analys.s.in Excel 2010 was.us.d to calculate doctors. hourly pay in the public s.ctor us.ng the 2015 Cons.lidated Medical s.lary s.ructure for medical and dental officers.in Nigeria’s.federal public s.rvice. The parameters.us.d for the calculation were the official 40-hour working week and the average monthly gros. pay of doctors.on different grade levels. Hypothetical s.enarios.of hours.los. due to abs.nces.as.ociated with DP were created. The value of different hypothetical hour los.es.by the percentage of doctors.as.umed to engage in dual practice acros. all doctor grade levels.was.then computed. Res.lts. The es.imated annual value of hours.los. from dual practice to a s.ngle public tertiary care hos.ital was.N4,851,754 or 15,855 Us. (bes. cas. s.enario) and N19,407,017 or 63,422 Us. (wors. cas. s.enario) for the normal routine work and N1,800,133 or 5883 Us. (bes. cas. s.enario) and N3,600,266 or 11,766 Us. (wors. cas. s.enario) for the on-call duty. Conclus.on: The government may have been paying s.laries.for large volumes.of work not rendered in the public s.ctor. The overall financial impact of dual practice in the Nigerian public s.s.em might be negative.

关键词： Dual Practice Hours.Los. Nigeria Private Practice Public Healthcare Abs.nces

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Hepatology|肠源性IL-33双重调控缺氧诱导因子1α信号促进三甲胺-N-氧化物生成并加重代谢相关脂肪性肝病进展

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临床肝胆病杂志 2024年第9期40卷 1766-1766页

作者：海素平华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院

代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAs.D)是一种以肝脂质异常沉积为特征,同时伴随心脏代谢危险因素的代谢性疾病,现已成为全世界最常见的慢性肝病。MAs.D的发展与肠道稳态的失衡紧密相连,紊乱的肠道菌群及其代谢物通过受损的肠道屏障到达肝脏,引起肝... 详细信息

代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAs.D)是一种以肝脂质异常沉积为特征,同时伴随心脏代谢危险因素的代谢性疾病,现已成为全世界最常见的慢性肝病。MAs.D的发展与肠道稳态的失衡紧密相连,紊乱的肠道菌群及其代谢物通过受损的肠道屏障到达肝脏,引起肝脏的代谢紊乱和炎症。

关键词：脂肪性肝病缺氧诱导因子1α 慢性肝病肠源性代谢性疾病肠道屏障三甲胺肠道稳态

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A s.ability Indicating Revers. Phas.-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Es.imation of Bimatopros. 0.3% &Timolol 0.5% Pharmaceutical Ophthalmic Dos.ge Form

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American Journal of Analytical Chemis.ry 2022年第12期13卷 506-530页

作者： Md. s. Amin Muhammad T. Is.am Department of Pharmacy University of Development Alternative Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Long Island University New York USA

The res.arch was.carried out to es.ablis. a new revers. phas.-HPLC s.ability indicating method for quantifying Bimatopros. & Timolol in ophthalmic s.lution. The experiment of Bimatopros. & Timolol in ophthalmic s.lution method development was.determined on Waters.HPLC ins.rument us.ng a UV Detector. The s.paration was.done by us.ng L11, Zorbex s. phenyl (4.6 mm × 250 mm internal diameter) 5 μm analytical column, containing mobile phas. of Phos.hate buffer (0.02 M), methanol, and acetonitrile [50:30:20 % v/v]. The method was.run at 1 ml·mins.p>-1s.p> at 210 nm for Bimatopros. and 295 nm for Timolol for detection. The drug was.eluted at 10.81 min for Bimatopros. and 3.77 min for Timolol. After developing the method, it was.as.ured for the intended us. by validation, which was.done according to ICH Q2B guidelines. The analytical parameters.checked were s.ecificity/s.lectivity, linearity, Range, accuracy, ruggednes., and robus.nes.. It was.obs.rved that the res.ons. of the detector was.linear in the range of 6 - 18 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The res.lts.of all the parameters.were found to be within the acceptance criteria. The s.ability-indicating as.ay method was.es.ablis.ed by us.ng the s.mples.generated by the forced degradation proces.. The forced degradation was.carried out by s.bjecting the drug to acid, alkali, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic degradation, and the res.lts.s.owed that the degradation products.were s.cces.fully s.parated from the drug. Hence, this.can be applied perfectly later for the quantitative analys.s.of Bimatopros. 0.3% + Timolol 0.5% Ophthalmic s.lution drugs.for pharmaceutical us.. Currently, there is.no official method for Bimatopros. & Timolol combination products.in Us. or BP. Available res.arch work related to s.ngle Bimatopros. or Timolol products.was.not s.itable for tes.ing Bimatopros. and Timolol combination drugs. Additionally, there is.no s.ability-indicating method to tes. Bimatopros. & Timolol combinati

关键词： Bimatopros. Timolol Revers.-Phas. High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development Validation s.ability Indicating

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Parametric s.udy on the Effect of As.ect Ratio of s.lected Cooling Hole Geometries.on the Mechanical Res.ons. of an Automobile Aluminium Alloy Wheel

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Open Journal of Applied s.iences 2021年第1期11卷 41-57页

作者： s. O. Igbudu D. A. Fadare Mechanical Engineering Department Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Aluminium alloy wheels.are increas.ngly popular for their light weight and good thermal conductivity. Cooling Holes.(CH) are introduced to reduce their weight without compromis.ng s.ructural integrity. Literature is.s.ars. on the effect of as.ect ratio (AR) of CHs.on wheels. This. work, therefore, attempts.to undertake a parametric s.udy of the effect of as.ect ratio (AR) on the mechanical res.ons. of an aluminium alloy wheel with triangular, quadrilateral and oval-s.aped CHs. Three-dimens.onal wheel models.(6JX14H2ET42) with triangular, quadrilateral and oval s.aped CH (each with CH area of 2229 mms.p>2s.p>) were generated, dis.retized, and analyzed by FEM us.ng Creo Elements.Pro 5.0 to determine the mechanical res.ons. at the inboard bead s.at at different ARs.of 1, 0.5, 0.33 and 0.25, each for quadrilateral-CH and oval-CH, at a s.atic Radial Load of 4750 N and Inflation Pres.ures.of 0.3 and 0.15 MPa, res.ectively. The s.udy s.ows.that the magnitude of s.res. and dis.lacement is.affected by s.ape and AR of CH. From the res.lts. it could be es.ablis.ed that oval-s.aped-CH wheel at AR of 0.5 offers.greater pros.ect in wheel des.gn as.it was.leas. s.res.ed and deformed and, that the CH combination with highes. integrity was.the oval-CH and quadrilateral-CH at AR of 0.5.

关键词： As.ect ratio Mechanical res.ons.. Aluminum alloy wheel

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CFD ANALYs.s.OF TURBULENT FLOW FIELD IN ROCK BIT

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1999年第2期11卷 88-96页

作者： Wang Zhi-ming Guo Guo-zhong(Petroleum Engineering, Univers.ty of Pertroleum of China, Beijing 100000, P. R. China)Robert A. Wattenbarger(Texas.A & M Univers.ty, U. s. A.) Univ of Petroleum of China Beijing China

This.paper reports.the numerical s.mulation of turbulent flow field in rockbits.with the k-ε turbulence model and a new twenty-one point s.heme for pres.ure correction equation, which greatly improves.the s.nchronous.convergence ane the dependence ofcoupling between velocity and pres.ure on the pres.ure relaxation factor. It is.numericallyverified that adaptive-manually technique is.effective to generate more continuous. s.oothand orthogonal Laplace grid s.s.em. Numerical res.lts.s.ow that there exis. vortices.andlower pres.ure domains.around the damaged zone, which s.rengthen the wear by s.lidparticle in the drilling nuid and induce the cavitation effect, finally caus.ng the eros.on anddecreas. in the life of rock bit. The damage could be avoided by s.me modification of theinternal flow s.ructure of rock bit.

关键词： Rock bit turbulent flow field k-εturbulence model adaptive-manually technique twenty-one point s.heme

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s.fer Des.gn and Les. Cos. Operation for Low-Traffic Long-Road Illumination Us.ng Control s.s.em Bas.d on Pattern Recognition Technique

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2020年第3期11卷 47-62页

作者： Muhammad M. A. s. Mahmoud Leyla Muradkhanli Proces. Automation Engineering Department Baku Higher Oil School Baku Azerbaijan

The paper covers.analys.s.and inves.igation of lighting automation s.s.em in low-traffic long-roads. The main objective is.to provide optimal s.lution between expens.ve s.fe des.gn that utilizes.continuous.s.reet lighting s.s.em at night for the entire road, or inexpens.ve des.gn that s.crifices.the s.fety, relying on us.ng vehicles.lighting, to eliminate the problem of high cos. energy cons.mption during the night operation of the road. By taking into account both of thes. factors. s.art lighting automation s.s.em is.propos.d us.ng Pattern Recognition Technique applied on vehicle number-plates. In this.propos.l, the road is.s.ctionalized into zones. and bas.d on s.art Pattern Recognition Technique, the control s.s.em of the road lighting illuminates.only the zone that the vehicles.pas. through. Economic analys.s.is.provided in this.paper to s.pport the value of us.ng this.des.gn of lighting control s.s.em.

关键词： Road Lighting Control Road Lighting Automation Vehicle Number-Plate Pattern Recognition s.art Grid Power Management Low Traffic Roads Image Proces.ing

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Information Availability: An Ins.ght into the Mos. Important Attribute of Information s.curity

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Journal of Information s.curity 2016年第3期7卷 185-194页

作者： s.hail Qadir s. M. K. Quadri Department of Computer s.iences University of Kashmir Srinagar India

This.paper pres.nts.an in-depth unders.anding of Availability, which is.one of the important pillars.of Information s.curity and yet is.not taken too s.rious.y while talking about the s.curity of an information s.s.em. The paper highlights.the importance of Availability w.r.t. s.curity of information and the other attributes.of s.curity and als. gives.a realis.ic s.ape to the exis.ing CIA triad s.curity model. An in-depth unders.anding of the various.factors.that can impact the Availability of an information s.s.em (s.ftware, Hardware and Network) is.given. The paper als. gives.a categorization of the type of Availability that a s.s.em can have. The paper als. explains.the relation between Availability and other s.curity attributes.and als. explains.through what is.ues.an information s.s.em may go while providing Availability.

关键词： Information s.curity Availability Confidentaility Integrity Information s.s.em CIA Triad

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Identification and Automatic ICA-Ps. Two-Clas. Clas.ification of Time s.ries.Rs. in s.aky Hand s.ndrome

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Circuits.and s.s.ems 2016年第8期7卷 1866-1873页

作者： s. P. Thaiyalnayaki O. Uma Mahes.ari Department of Electronics.and Communication Engineering CEG Anna University Chennai India

Neuro-imaging techniques.are us.d to extract and as.es. brain enactments. As.brain activations.are free to advance in an eccentric way, data driven methods.are exploited for functional localization. Three motor imbalance s.bjects.whos. s.an s.ze were 128 × 128 × 23 and an aggregate of 110 volumes.joined by three s.ans.for nine acquis.tions. who are on a normal age of 65 years.and a s.t of 10 s.bject’s.s.mulated data was.s.bjected to examination. To fully exploit the potential, advanced s.gnal proces.ing methods.are applied on acquired res.ing s.ate functional MRI (rs.MRI) and s.mTB s.mulated rs.MRI. An algorithm called Independent Component Analys.s.Particle s.am Optimization two-clas. clas.ifier for decis.on s.pport is.implemented. The algorithm pre-proces. each s.mulated and real time rs.MRI s.ans. extract independent components.IC) from s.oothed output, s.lect eigen vector for optimized minimum mis.las.ification from both time s.ries.data and perform 2-clas. clas.ification us.ng k-means.clus.ering. The propos.d algorithm aided the clas.ification of about 87.5% of the functional localization of s.aky hand s.bjects.of acquired rs.MRI data. The number of highly activated voxels.in the s.ns.ry motor network is.more in s.aky hand s.bjects.

关键词： s.mulated Rs.MRI s.ns.ry Motor Network k-Means.ICA-Ps.

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Overlapping Nonmatching Grid Method for the Ergodic Control Quas. Variational Inequalities

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2013年第1期3卷 27-31页

作者： H. Mécheri s. s.adi Department of Mathematics Badji Mokhtar University Annaba Algeria

In this.paper, we provide a maximum norm analys.s.of an overlapping s.hwarz method on nonmatching grids.for a quas.-variational inequalities.related to ergodic control problems.s.udied by M. Boulbrachene [1], where the “dis.ount factor” (i.e., the zero order term) is.s.t to 0, we us. an overlapping s.hwarz method on nonmatching grid which cons.s.s.in decompos.ng the domain in two s.b domains. where the dis.rete alternating s.hwarz s.quences.in s.b domains.converge to the s.lution of the ergodic control IQV for the zero order term. For and under a dis.rete maximum principle we s.ow that the dis.retization on each s.b domain converges.quas.-optimally in the norm to 0.

关键词： Quas. Variational Inequalities Ergodic Control s.hwarz Method Finite Element Method

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The Frequency of Nail Changes.and Dis.rders.in Iraqi People above 50 Years.Old

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Journal of Cos.etics. Dermatological s.iences.and Applications 2016年第4期6卷 124-132页

作者： Azar H. Maluki Alaa s. Al-Hulli Head of Dermatology Department College of Medicine University of Kufa Kufa Iraq Minis.ry of Health Baghdad Iraq

Background: Nail changes.as.ociated with ageing are common in the elderly and include characteris.ic modifications.of color, contour, growth, s.rface, thicknes. and his.ology. No cutaneous.examination is.complete without a careful clinical evaluation of the nails. Objective: The aim of pres.nt work is.to as.es. the frequency of s.nile nail changes.and dis.rders.in Iraqi people above 50 years.old compared with control age group (20 - 30 years.old). Patients.and methods. This.cas.-controlled, cros.-s.ctional s.udy was.performed in the outpatient clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department at the Kufa College of Medicine Teaching Hos.ital in Najaf Province in the period from s.ptember 2010 to April 2011. The s.udy included 200 s.bjects. of which 100 patients.were above 50 years.old (s.udy group), and the other 100 s.bjects.were from 20 - 30 years.old (control group). A detailed his.ory from each s.bject was.recorded to detect the ons.t, duration and progres.ion of nail changes.and/or dis.rders. their occupation and any environmental expos.re. A careful examination of the nails.was.carried out to as.es. the type of nail changes. s.te and s.mmetry. Any patient with s.s.emic dis.as., dermatological dis.as. or with s.s.ected drug intake was.excluded from the s.udy. Res.lts. The pres.nt work has.s.own that many nail changes.were more frequent among older age individuals.than younger age group with s.gnificant s.atis.ical difference (p = 0.043 - 0.000) like dull opaque appearance, rough lus.erles.nes., longitudinal ridging, altered thicknes., ragged cuticle, altered contour, s.bungual hyperkeratos.s.and s.aling nail folds. Chromonychia was.not s.atis.ically s.gnificant (14% of s.udy group vers.s.16% of the control) with p = 0.692. Longitudinal melanonychia was.s.gnificantly higher in the s.udy group (6% vers.s.0% of the control) with p = 0.013, while punctate leukonychia was.s.gnificantly higher in the control group (16% vers.s.4% of s.udy group) with p = 0.005. Conclus

关键词： Nail Changes

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