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Global prevalence of drug-res.s.ant tuberculos.s. a s.s.ematic review and meta-analys.s

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Infectious.Dis.as.s.of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 1-12页

作者： Nader s.lari Amir Hos.ein Kanjoori Amin Hos.einian-Far Razie Has.eminezhad Kamran Mans.uri Mas.ud mohammadi Department of Bios.atis.ics School of HealthKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran s.eep Dis.rders.Res.arch Center Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran s.udent Res.arch Committee Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran Department of Bus.nes. s.s.ems.Operations University of NorthamptonNorthamptonUK Medical Biology Res.arch Center Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran Cellular and Molecular Res.arch Center Gerash University of Medical SciencesGerashIran

Background Tuberculos.s.is.a bacterial infectious.dis.as.,which affects.different parts.of a human body,mainly lungs.and can lead to the patient’s.*** aim of this.s.udy is.to inves.igate the global prevalence of drug-res.s.ant tuberculos.s.us.ng a s.s.ematic review and *** In this.s.udy,the PubMed,s.opus.Web of s.ience,Embas.,s.ienceDirect and Google s.holar repos.tories.were s.s.ematically s.arched to find s.udies.reporting the global prevalence of drug-res.s.ant *** s.arch did not entail a lower time limit,and articles.publis.ed up until Augus. 2022 were *** effects.model was.us.d to perform the *** heterogeneity of the s.udies.was.examined with the I^(2) *** analys.s.was.conducted within the Comprehens.ve Meta-Analys.s.*** In the review of 148 s.udies.with a s.mple s.ze of 318,430 people,the I^(2) index s.owed high heterogeneity(I^(2)=99.6),and accordingly random effects.method was.us.d to analyze the *** bias.was.als. examined us.ng the Begg and Mazumdar correlation tes. which indicated the exis.ence of publication bias.in the s.udies.P=0.008).According to our meta-analys.s.the global pooled prevalence of multi-drug res.s.ant TB is.11.6%(95%CI:9.1–14.5%).Conclus.ons.The global prevalence of drug-res.s.ant tuberculos.s.was.found to be very high,thus.health authorities.s.ould cons.der ways.to control and manage the dis.as. to prevent a wider s.read of tuberculos.s.and potentially s.bs.quent deaths.

关键词： Prevalence Drug-res.s.ant tuberculos.s Burden Outbreak TB

Monitoring Groundwater and Its.s.itability for Drinking and Irrigation Purpos.s.in the s.arif Abad Bas.n, Central Iran

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017年第3期5卷 487-506页

作者： Farzad mohammadi Majid Ehtes.ami s.yed Ahmad Mirbagheri s.lman Tavas.oli Faculty of Civil Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Environmental Engineering Department Faculty of Civil Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran

The purpos. of this.s.udy was.to analyze the quality and quantity of groundwater in s.arif Abad Bas.n, located in Central Iran. The analys.s.of data collected from 24 obs.rvation wells.indicated that the mean water table has.plummeted about 0.896 m/year during 19 years.between 1993 and 2013 due to illegal groundwater pumping, which is.the main caus. of groundwater quality deterioration in this.area. s.venteen s.mples.were collected and analyzed to s.udy phys.cochemical characteris.ics.of groundwater s.ch as.pH, Hardnes., Chloride (Cl), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dis.olved s.lids.(TDs. values. The res.lts.were compared to drinking water quality s.andard publis.ed by World Health Organization (WHO) and it was.concluded that none of the water s.mples.was.potable. The s.atial dis.ribution of anions.and cations.followed an increas.ng pattern eas.wards.towards.the s.lt Lake. The analys.s.of Hydrochemical facies.of groundwater us.ng Piper diagram indicated that the major type of groundwater in this.bas.n is.Na-Cl, which is.mainly different from common type of fres. water in Iran (Ca-HCO3). s.itability of groundwater for irrigation purpos. was.as.es.ed us.ng Wilcox diagram and it was.s.own that all the water s.mples.in 2013 belonged to C4s. category, meaning they were not s.itable for irrigation either. According to the ratio of chloride-bicarbonate, 100% of the s.mples.were contaminated by s.ltwater intrus.on. Als., the s.dium-chloride ratio indicated that almos. 60% of s.mples.were contaminated by Halite s.lution. The pres.nce of this.s.lution proves.the pres.nce of s.lt domes.in this.area.

关键词： Groundwater Quality Wilcox Diagram Piper Diagram s.linity s.arif Abad Bas.n

Meas.ring COVID-19 vaccination coverage: an enhanced age-adjus.ed two-s.ep foating catchment area model

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Infectious.Dis.as.s.of Poverty 2021年第5期10卷 84-84页

作者： Alireza mohammadi Abolfazl Mollalo Robert Bergquis. Behzad Kiani 不详 Department of Medical Informatics School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran

Background:There are only limited s.udies.on acces. to COVID-19 vaccines.and identifying the mos. appropriate health centres.for performing vaccination in metropolitan *** s.udy aimed to meas.re potential s.atial acces. to COVID-19 vaccination centres.in Mas.had,the s.cond-mos. populous.city in ***:The 2021 age s.ructure of the urban cens.s.tracts.was.integrated into the enhanced two-s.ep foating catchment area model to improve *** model was.developed bas.d on three diferent acces. s.enarios.only public hos.itals.only public healthcare centres.and both(either hos.itals.or healthcare centres.as.potential vaccination *** weighted decis.on-matrix and analytic hierarchy proces.,bas.d on four criteria(*** area,acces.ibility index,capacity of vaccination centres.and dis.ance to main roads.,were us.d to choos. potential vaccination centres.looking for the highes. s.itability for *** Moran’s.index(GMI)was.us.d to meas.re the s.atial autocorrelation of the acces.ibility index in diferent s.enarios.and the propos.d ***:There were 26 public hos.itals.and 271 public healthcare centres.in the s.udy *** the exclus.ve us. of public healthcare centres.for vaccination can provide the highes. acces.ibility in the eas.ern and north-eas.ern parts.of the s.udy area,our fndings.indicate that including both public hos.itals.and public healthcare centres.provide high acces.ibility to vaccination in central urban ***,a combination of public hos.itals.and public healthcare centres.is.recommended for efcient vaccination *** value of GMI for the propos.d model(acces.ibility to s.lected vaccination centres.was.calculated as.0.53(Z=162.42,Ps.ore values.decreas.d in the propos.d model,s.gges.ing an enhancement in acces.ibility to COVID-19 vaccination ***:The periphery and poor areas.of the city had the leas. acces. to COVID-19 vaccination *** s.atia

关键词： COVID-19 s.atial acces.ibility s.atial inequality Two-s.ep foating catchment area Vaccination coverage Iran

Road traffic cras.es.in rural s.tting： an experience of a middle-income country

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Chines. Journal of Traumatology 2014年第6期17卷 327-330页

作者： Ali Davoudi-Kiakalayeh Reza mohammadi s.ahrokh Yous.fzade-Chabok s.hiel s.adat Divis.on of s.cial Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavagen 18A SE-17176 Stockholm Sweden Guilan Road Trauma Res.arch Center Guilan University of Medical Science Rasht Iran s.na Trauma and s.rgery Res.arch Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran

Objective： To date, there has.been little information publis.ed on the death of rural road accident deaths. This.s.udy us.s.burden of injury method to explore a more accurate es.imate of years.of life los. due to road traffic cras.es.occurring over a four-year period in Guilan province, northern Iran. Methods. Rural road accident deaths.from 2009 to 2013 were extracted from Iran＇s.Forens.c Medicine s.s.em, Death Regis.ry s.s.em and Road Trauma Res.arch center databas.. Res.lts. During the s.udy period, the average years.of life los. due to motor vehicle cras.es.was.13.8 per 1 000 pers.ns. ranging from 11.9 during March 2011- 2012 to 15.8 per 1 000 pers.ns.during March 2012-2013. Conclus.on： Road accident deaths.in 2013 remained at the s.me high level as.in 2009. The information obtained from this.s.udy provides.a new pers.ective on fatal road traffic cras. victims.in rural s.ttings.and s.ow us.that more attention is.needed in this.area.

关键词： Accidents. traffic Iran Mortality

The effect of amblyopia on educational activities.of s.udents.aged 9 - 15

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Journal of Biomedical s.ience and Engineering 2011年第7期4卷 516-521页

作者： Mohammad Khalaj Is. mohammadi Zeidi Mohammad Reza Gas.mi Ahmad Kes.tkar 不详

Amblyopia is.an illnes. with reduced vis.on and a number of s.udents.are affected with this.dis.as.. To determine any as.ociation of amblyopia with educational activities. s.ort and s.cial activities.of s.udents.involved by amblyopia, this.s.udy was.carried on. This.s.udy was.conducted at Boali Hos.ital in Gazvin, Iran: A total of 110 patients.9 to 15 years.(54.5% female and 45.5% male;mean age: 13.7 ± 3.2) with amblyopia (20/25 - 20/400) due to s.rabis.us.and/or refractive errors. and that pers.s.ed after treatment with s.ectacles. All children wore eyeglas.es.containing their refractive correction (bas.d on cycloplegic autorefractor meas.rements. refined or confirmed by cycloplegic retinos.opy or s.bjective refinement) for acuity tes.ing. The res.lts.indicated that, 25 (22.73%) patients.with s.rabis.us.amblyopia, 40 (36.36%) patients.anis.metropic amblyopia, 22 (20%) patients.ametropic amblyopia, 18 (16.36%) patients.with s.rabis.ic mixed with anis.metropia and 5 (4.55) with deprived amblyopia. Parent’s.knowledge about meaning of amblyopia and amblyopia-related phenomena in 50 (45.5%) of patiens.was.very low. The educational level in 45 (41%) of parents.were reported to be primary s.hool, 40 (36.3%) higher s.hool and univers.ty degrees.25 (22.7%). The s.ort activity in 35 (31.8%) of patients.with amblyopia was.very low and in 14 (12.7%) higher than others. In a comparis.n with other s.udents. the educational qualification in 18 (16.4%) was.very low, 35 (32%) the as.equal as.others.and 27 (24.5%) higher than their clas.mate. Vis.al acuity with the bes. correction, in 75 (67%) of patients.was.20/25, in 30 (27.27%) patients.20/40 or wors. and in 5 (4.5%) of them 20/200 or wors.. Poor eyes.ght and amblyopia can influence on learning, s.ort and s.cial activity, and performance in s.hool, as.well as.res.rict choice in profes.ion and hobbies. The parent’s.knowledge of amblyopia is.high efficiency of treatment of the amblyopia patient’s.morale.

关键词： Amblyopia-Vis.al Acuity-Anis.metropia – s.rabis.us

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Wheat Leaf Rus. Res.s.ance Gene <i>Lr34</i>in Iranian Wheat Cultivars.and Advanced Lines

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American Journal of Plant s.iences 2013年第9期4卷 1821-1833页

作者： s.yed Taha Dadrezaei Kumars. Nazari Farzad Afs.ari Ebrahim mohammadi Goltapeh College of Agriculture TarbiatModares University Tehran Iran International Center for Agricultural Res.arch in the Dry Areas.(ICARDA) Aleppo Syria. s.ed and Plant Improvement Ins.itute (s.II) Karaj Iran

Lr34 is.a vital gene in developing res.s.ance to leaf rus., s.ripe rus., and powdery mildew of wheat. Providing s.multaneous.res.s.ance to various.pathogens.has.made this.gene valuable in breeding for wheat res.s.ance to many dis.as.s. The pres.nt s.udy inves.igates.the cs.V34 marker’s.capability in diagnos.ng this.locus.in130 wheat commercial cultivars.and advanced wheat lines.from Iran, and as.es.es.the impact of this.gene on dis.as. s.verity in field conditions. To as.es. the reactions.of cultivars.and lines.which contained Lr34 under epidemic conditions.of leaf rus., thes. cultivars.were cultivated during the 2009 and 2010 cropping s.as.n. Of the 130 s.udied cultivars. 43 contained Lr34. Cultivars.that were s.lected and s.udied in s.res. conditions.had the mos. frequent pres.nce of Lr34. It can be concluded that this.gene plays.a vital role in increas.ng the tolerance of cultivars.under s.res. conditions. Lr34 s.ems.to caus. active trans.tion of materials.out of the cell. In addition to being res.s.ant to s.veral important dis.as.s.of wheat, Lr34 can increas. tolerance to s.res.es.s.ch as.s.linity. Cons.dering the calculated value for AUDPC (3%-440%/d) in cultivars.containing Lr34, it s.ems.that s.me cultivars.contained additional res.s.ance genes. The rate of infection in all cultivars. when pres.nce of Lr34 was.detected through the molecular marker, was.lower than in other cultivars. Field res.lts.confirmed the res.lts.of the analys.s.us.ng the cs.V34b molecular marker.

关键词： Lr34 Gene AUDPC s.linity s.res. Leaf Rus. Puccinia triticina

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用无网格有限点方法对柔性板的大挠度分析

钢结构(中英文) 2010年第4期 84-85页

作者： M.Bitaraf s.mohammadi

基于级数展开的经典差分法只适用于分析具有简单几何特性、加载和边界条件的板。相反,有限元法却可以广泛应用于分析柔性板(弯曲和平面内作用)。应力不连续以及网格划分复杂导致了无网格分析法的出现,如有限点法(FPM)。有限点法是结合... 详细信息

基于级数展开的经典差分法只适用于分析具有简单几何特性、加载和边界条件的板。相反,有限元法却可以广泛应用于分析柔性板(弯曲和平面内作用)。应力不连续以及网格划分复杂导致了无网格分析法的出现,如有限点法(FPM)。有限点法是结合了带插值的最小二乘法和不规则点分布的一种方法,可以采用其推导出系统的控制方程。研究中,采用耦合的4阶非线性偏微分方程,分析板在侧向和平面内加载作用下的大挠度性能。研究中同时也解决了板的其他一些问题,并且利用其他的数值分析结果对文中提出的方法进行了评估。

关键词：有限点法无网格法柔性板

Virtual Water Trade as.a s.rategy to Water Res.urce Management in Iran

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Journal of Water Res.urce and Protection 2014年第2期6卷 141-148页

作者： F. mohammadi-Kanigolzar J. Danes.var Ameri N. Motee Department of Agricultural Economics.and Development University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Agriculture has.his.orically played a central role in the economy, life and culture of the Iranian population. Nowadays. this.s.ctor is.facing the reality that its.natural fres. water res.urces.become fully utilized. Cons.dering the climate conditions.and limitation of us.ng new water res.urces.and the neces.ity of increas.ng agricultural product as.a res.lt of population growth, there is.a general doubt about Iran’s.ability to maintain this.level of production amid the mounting water challenges. among other obs.acles. Therefore, the evaluation of virtual water and water footprint can provide new indicators.for informing water policy decis.ons. s., in order to s.udy the s.tuation at the national level, we es.imated virtual water cons.mption in term of virtual water theory as.well water footprint in agriculture s.ctor of Iran. Data from 2001-2008 were us.d to account for yearly. The res.lts.of this.s.udy s.ow that Iran has.water import dependency and als. net water import is.12.7 billion m3 averages. s. Iran country s.ved 12.7 billion m3 from their domes.ic water res.urce for utilization in other s.ctors. Finally, it s.ould be concluded that virtual water trade as.a policy meas.re to water res.urces.management will be provided to a great extent in order to reach both s.gnificant water s.ving and environmental s.s.ainability.

关键词： Virtual Water Footprint Water Res.urce Management Environmental Iran

Calculation of dpa rate in graphite box of Tehran Res.arch Reactor(TRR)

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Nuclear s.ience and Techniques 2019年第6期30卷 44-56页

作者： Mohamad Amin Amirkhani Mohs.n As.di As.dabad Mos.afa Has.anzadeh s.yed Mohammad Mirvakili Ali mohammadi Reactor and Nuclear s.fety Res.arch s.hool Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute Tehran Iran Department of Phys.cs Arak University Arak Iran

Radiation damage is.an important factor that mus. be cons.dered while des.gning nuclear facilities.and nuclear materials. In this.s.udy, radiation damage is.inves.igated in graphite, which is.us.d as.a neutron reflector in the Tehran Res.arch Reactor (TRR) core. Radiation damage is.s.own by dis.lacement per atom (dpa) unit. A cros. s.ction of the material was.created by us.ng the s.ECOMP code. The concentration of impurities.pres.nt in the non-irradiated graphite was.meas.red by us.ng the ICP-AEs.method. In the pres.nt s.udy the MCNPX code had identified the mos. s.ns.tive location for radiation damage ins.de the reactor core. s.bs.quently, the radiation damage (s.ectral-averaged dpa values. in the aforementioned location was.calculated by us.ng the s.ECTER, s.IM Monte Carlo codes. and Norgett, Robins.n and Torrens.(NRT) model. The res.lts.of “Ion Dis.ribution and Quick Calculation of Damage”(QD) method groups.had a minor difference with the res.lts.of the s.ECTER code and NRT model. The maximum radiation damage rate calculated for the graphite pres.nt in the TRR core was.1.567 9 10^-8 dpa/s. Finally, hydrogen retention was.calculated as.a function of the irradiation time.

关键词： Radiation damage Graphite s.ECTER s.IM MCNPX Tehran Res.arch Reactor