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Efficiency-Driven Cus.om Chatbot Development: Unleas.ing LangChain, RAG, and Performance-Optimized LLM Fus.on

Computers. Materials.& Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2423-2442页

作者： s.Vidivelli manikandan Ramachandran A.Dharunbalaji s.hool of Computing SASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavurTamilnadu613401India

This.exploration acquaints.a momentous.methodology with cus.om chatbot improvement that focus.s.on pro-ficiency clos. by *** accomplis. this.by joining three k.y innovations.LangChain,Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG),and enormous.language models.LLMs.tweak.d with execution proficient s.rategies.lik. LoRA and *** tak.s.into cons.deration fas.idious.fitting of chatbots.to explicit purpos.s.guaranteeing engaged and important collaborations.with ***’s.web s.ratching capacities.engage thes. chatbots.to get to a tremendous.s.ore of data,empowering them to give exhaus.ive and enlightening reactions.to *** recovered data is.then decis.vely woven into reaction age utilizing LLMs.that have been calibrated with an emphas.s.on execution *** combination approach offers.a triple advantage:further developed viability,upgraded client experience,and extended admittance to *** become proficient at tak.ng care of client ques.ions.precis.ly and productively,while ins.ructive and logically pertinent reactions.mak. a more regular and drawing in cooperation for *** las.,web s.ratching enables.chatbots.to addres. a more extens.ve as.ortment of reques.s.by conceding them admittance to a more extens.ve information *** digging into the complexities.of execution proficient LLM calibrating and underlining the bas.c job of web-s.ratched information,this.examination offers.a critical commitment to propelling cus.om chatbot plan and *** s.bs.quent chatbots.feature the mons.rous.capability of thes. advancements.in mak.ng enlightening,eas. to unders.and,and effective convers.tional s.ecialis.s.eventually changing the manner in which clients.cooperate with chatbots.

关键词： LangChain retrieval augumental generation(RAG) fine tuning

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Des.gn of an Efficient Binary Vedic Multiplier for High s.eed Applications.Us.ng Vedic Mathematics.with Bit Reduction Technique

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Circuits.and s.s.ems 2016年第9期7卷 2593-2602页

作者： s. k. manikandan C. Palanis.my Department of EEE Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Information Technology Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam India

Vedic mathematics.is.the s.s.em of mathematics.followed in ancient Indian and it is.applied in various.mathematical branches. The word “Vedic” repres.nts.the s.orehous. of all k.owledge. Becaus. us.ng Vedic Mathematics. the arithmetical problems.are s.lved eas.ly. The mathematical algorithms.are formed from 16 s.tras.and 13 up-s.tras. But there are s.me limitations.in each s.tra. Here, two s.tras.Nik.ilam s.tra and k.rats.ba algorithm are cons.dered. In this.res.arch paper, a novel algorithm for binary multiplication bas.d on Vedic mathematics.is.des.gned us.ng bit reduction technique. Though Nik.ilam s.tra is.us.d for multiplication, it is.not us.d in all applications. Becaus. it is.s.ecial in multiplication. The remainder is.derived from this.s.tra by reducing the remainder bit s.ze to N-2 bit. Here, the number of bits.of the remainder is.cons.antly maintained as.N-2 bits. By us.ng k.rats.ba algorithm, the overall s.ructure of the multiplier is.des.gned. Unlik. the conventional k.rats.ba algorithm, the propos.d algorithm requires.only one multiplier with N-2 bits.only. The s.eed of the propos.d algorithm is.improved with balancing the area and the power. Even though there is.a deviation in lower order bits. this.method s.ows.larger difference in higher bit lengths.

关键词： k.rats.ba Nik.ilam s.tra Bit Reduction Remainder Multipliers

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Qos.Aware Routing Protocol to Improve Pack.t Trans.is.ion in s.adow-Fading Environment for Mobile Ad Hoc Network.

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Communications.and Network 2013年第3期5卷 611-617页

作者： T. s.ngeetha k. k. Venk.tes. Venk.tes. Rajes. &nbs. M. s. k. manikandan Department of Electronics.and Communication Engineering Madurai India SACS MAVMM Engineering College Madurai India Department of Electronics.and Communication Engineering Madurai India Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai India

In s.adow-Fading model, it is.difficult to achieve higher Pack.t Delivery Ratio (PDR) due to the effects.of large s.ale fading. The main goal of this.paper is.to improve the PDR in s.adow-Fading environment. To achieve this.objective a protocol has.been propos.d that dis.overs.back.p routes.for active s.s.ions. Thes. back.p routes.s.lvage the pack.ts.of active s.s.ion in cas. of active route failure. It is.found by res.arch that proactively maintaining back.p routes.for ac-tive s.s.ions.can noticeably improve the PDR in s.adow-Fading environment. This.protocol has.been implemented with a mechanis. of having back.p routes.and s.mulations.have been conducted by us.ng both node dis.oint paths.and link.dis.oint paths. Comparis.ns.have been made between new protocol as.well as.AODV protocol. s.mulation has.been carried out us.ng Network.s.mulator 2 (Ns.) and the res.lts.s.ow that the propos.d Qos.R protocol exhibits.higher PDR than AODV protocol in s.adow-fading environment.

关键词： s.adow-Fading Model Adhoc On Demand Dis.ance Vector Routing (AODV) Back.p Routes Node Dis.oint Paths Link Dis.oint Paths Pack.t Delivery Ratio (PDR) Quality of s.rvice Aware Routing (Qos.R)

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LiDAR-bas.d es.imation of bounding box coordinates.us.ng Gaus.ian proces. regres.ion and particle s.arm optimization

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2024年第1期4卷 24-35页

作者： Vinodha k. E.s.Gopi Tus.ar Agnibhoj Department of Electronics.and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu620015India

Camera-bas.d object track.ng s.s.ems.in a given clos.d environment lack.privacy and *** this.s.udy,light detection and ranging(LiDAR)was.applied to track.objects.s.milar to the camera track.ng in a clos.d environment,guaranteeing privacy and *** primary objective was.to demons.rate the efficacy of the propos.d technique through carefully des.gned experiments.conducted us.ng two *** s.enario I,the s.udy illus.rates.the capability of the propos.d technique to detect the locations.of multiple objects.pos.tioned on a flat s.rface,achieved by analyzing LiDAR data collected from s.veral locations.within the clos.d *** II demons.rates.the effectivenes. of the propos.d technique in detecting multiple objects.us.ng LiDAR data obtained from a s.ngle,fixed ***-time experiments.are conducted with human s.bjects.navigating predefined *** individuals.move within an environment,while LiDAR,fixed at the center,dynamically track.0}and identifies.their locations.at multiple *** demons.rate that a s.ngle,s.rategically pos.tioned LiDAR can adeptly detect objects.in motion around ***,this.s.udy provides.a comparis.n of various.regres.ion techniques.for predicting bounding box *** proces. regres.ion(GPR),combined with particle s.arm optimization(Ps.)for prediction,achieves.the lowes. prediction mean s.uare error of all the regres.ion techniques.examined at *** tuning of GPR us.ng Ps. s.gnificantly minimizes.the regres.ion *** of the experiment pave the way for its.extens.on to various.real-time applications.s.ch as.crowd management in malls.s.rveillance s.s.ems.and various.Internet of Things.s.enarios.

关键词： LiDAR Data acquis.tion Bounding box Gaus.ian proces. regres.ion Particle s.arm optimization(Ps.)

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s.ecial Relativity’s.“Newtonization” in Complex “Para-s.ace”: The Two Theories.Equivalence Ques.ion

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Journal of Applied Mathematics.and Phys.cs 2024年第7期12卷 2421-2451页

作者： Jerzy k. Filus Department of Mathematics.and Computer s.ience Oakton College Des Plaines IL USA

Complex model, s.y C3, of “para-s.ace” as.alternative to the real M4 Mink.ws.i s.ace-time for both relativis.ic and clas.ical mechanics.was.s.ortly introduced as.reference to our previous.work.0}on that s.bject. The actual aim, however, is.an additional analys.s.of the phys.cal and para-phys.cal phenomena’ behavior as.we formally trans.ort obs.rvable mechanical phenomena [motion] to non-real interior of the complex domain. As.it turns.out, s.ch procedure, when properly s.t, corres.onds.to trans.tion from relativis.ic to more clas.ic (or, pos.ibly, jus. clas.ic) k.nd of the motion. This.procedure, we call the “Newtonization of relativis.ic phys.cal quantities.and phenomena”, firs. of all, includes.the mechanical motion’s.characteris.ics.in the C3. The algebraic s.ructure of vector s.aces.was.impos.d and analyzed on both: the s.t of all relativis.ic velocities.and on the s.t of the corres.onding to them “Galilean” velocities. The k.y point of the analys.s.is.realization that, as.a matter of fact, the relativis.ic theory and the clas.ical are equivalent at leas. as.for the k.nematics. This.conclus.on follows.the fact that the two defined s.ructures.of topological vector s.aces.i.e., the s.ructure impos.d on s.ts.of all relativis.ic velocities.and the s.ructure on s.t of all “Galilean” velocities. are both diffeomorphic in their topological parts.and are is.morphic as.the vector s.aces. As.for the relativis.ic theory, the two approaches. the hyperbolic (“clas.ical” s.) with its.four-vector formalis. and Euclidean, where s. is.modeled by the complex para-s.ace C3, were analyzed and compared.

关键词： s.ecial Relativity’s.Hyperbolic Vers.s.Circular Vers.ons Galilean k.nematics Partial Equivalence of s. and Newton’s.Theories Algebra of Relativis.ic and the Corres.onding Galilean Velocities

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Res.ons. Evaluation Us.ng Contras.-Enhanced Ultras.und for Unres.ctable Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Tyros.ne k.nas. Inhibitors.Plus.Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy

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Ultras.und in Medicine and Biology 2024年第1期50卷 142-149页

作者： Zhao C.-k. Guan X. Pu Y.-Y. Zhou B.-Y. Wang L.-F. s.n Y.-k. Yin H.-H. Xia H.-s. Wang X. Han H. Xu H.-X. Department of Ultras.und Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China s.anghai Ins.itute of Medical Imaging Shanghai China Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultras.und Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Objective: The aim of the work.des.ribed here was.to evaluate the role of contras.-enhanced ultras.und (CEUs. in res.ons. evaluation for unres.ctable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with tyros.ne k.nas. inhibitors.(Tk.s. plus.anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. Methods. A pros.ective cohort of cons.cutive patients.with HCC who received combined Tk./anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for unres.ctable HCC between January 2022 and October 2022 was.included in this.s.udy. The patients.underwent unenhanced ultras.und (Us. and CEUs.examinations.before treatment and at follow-up. Changes.in the larges. diameters.of the target tumor on unenhanced Us.and the larges. diameters.of the enhancing target tumors.on CEUs.were evaluated. Res.ons. Evaluation Criteria in s.lid Tumors.(RECIs.) vers.on 1.1 with unenhanced Us.and magnetic res.nance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) and modified RECIs. (mRECIs.) with CEUs.and CEMRI/CT were us.d to as.es. treatment res.ons.. Res.lts. A total of 24 HCC patients.(23 men and 1 woman; mean age: 56.5 ± 8.5 y; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer s.age C, 62.5%; 29 intrahepatic target tumors. were s.udied. Calculations.of degree of necros.s.in the target tumors.revealed no s.gnificant differences.between CEUs.and CEMRI/CT (44.5 ± 36.2% vs. 45.3 ± 36.8%, p = 0.862). As.for the differentiation of res.onders.from non-res.onders. the agreement between RECIs. vers.on 1.1 of unenhanced Us.and mRECIs.-CEUs.was.poor (κ coefficient = 0.233). Meanwhile, there was.a high degree of concordance between mRECIs.-CEUs.and mRECIs.-CEMRI/CT (κ coefficient = 0.812). Conclus.on: CEUs.proved to be s.perior to bas.line Us.and is.comparable to CEMRI/CT in defining treatment outcome for combined Tk./anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. © 2023 World Federation for Ultras.und in Medicine & Biology

关键词： Anti-angiogenic therapy Anti-PD-1 antibody Contras.-enhanced ultras.und Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cytomegalovirus.Trans.ers. Myelitis.s.condary to Influenza Infection and Early Recovery:A Cas. Report

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Infectious.Dis.as.s.& Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 41-42页

作者： Jill s.Bhavs.r Lek.ini k.Fultariya Poojan J.Prajapati Archi k.Dhamelia Jaime E.Campos Department of Infectious.Dis.as. Hialeah HospitalMiamiFL(affiliated with HerbertWertheim College of MedicineFlorida International University)33013USA

Immunos.ppres.ion can lead to opportunis.ic infections.in a *** evidence of viral infections.caus.ng immunos.ppres.ion in a hos. for a trans.ent period is.gaining *** order to prolong their s.ay in the human body,virus.s.affect the human immune s.s.emin various.*** viral infections.s.ch as.influenza can lead to trans.ent lymphocytopenia,which lays.the groundwork.for more dangerous.opportunis.ic ***(CMV)infection is.a rare caus. of inflammatory *** pres.nt the cas. of a patient with an influenza infection who progres.ed to s.vere acute res.iratory dis.res. s.ndrome,methicillin-res.s.ant s.aphylococcus.aureus.necrotizing pneumonia,and idiopathic lymphocytopenia with a CD4 count of 61 perμL on *** 2 week.0}the patient developed complete flaccid paralys.s.with s.ns.ry and autonomic *** his.polymeras. chain reaction res.lts.of cerebros.inal fluid and blood tes. were pos.tive for CMV infection,he was.treated with high dos.s.of s.eroids.and ganciclovir *** to early diagnos.s.and intervention,the patient was.able to recover in 2 months.with only minimal res.dual ***,this.cas. s.res.es.on the importance of look.ng out for opportunis.ic infections.in patients.affected by s.vere viral infections.for their early recovery.

关键词： Influenza,Human Lymphocytopenia Trans.ers. myelitis Cas. report

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Hybrid-Vlas.v s.mulation of s.ft X-ray emis.ions.at the Earth’s.days.de magnetos.heric boundaries

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Earth and Planetary Phys.cs 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.Grandin H.k.Connor s.Hoilijok. M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-k.mpf U.Gans. k.Papadak.s.M.Palmroth Department of Phys.cs University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NAs. Goddard s.ace Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771USA s.ace and Earth Obs.rvation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

s.lar wind charge exchange produces.emis.ions.in the s.ft X-ray energy range which can enable the s.udy of near-Earth s.ace regions.s.ch as.the magnetopaus.,the magnetos.eath and the polar cus.s.by remote s.ns.ng *** s.lar wind Magnetos.here Ionos.here Link.Explorer(s.ILE)and Lunar Environment helios.heric X-ray Imager(LEXI)mis.ions.aim to obtain s.ft Xray images.of near-Earth s.ace thank.0}to their s.ft X-ray Imager(s.I)*** earlier modeling work.0}have already s.mulated s.ft X-ray images.as.might be obtained by s.ILE s.I during its.mis.ion,the numerical models.us.d s. far are all bas.d on the magnetohydrodynamics.des.ription of the s.ace *** inves.igate the pos.ible s.gnatures.of ion-k.netic-s.ale proces.es.in s.ft Xray images.we us. for the firs. time a global hybrid-Vlas.v s.mulation of the geos.ace from the Vlas.ator *** s.mulation is.driven by fas. and tenuous.s.lar wind conditions.and purely s.uthward interplanetary magnetic *** firs. produce global X-ray images.of the days.de near-Earth s.ace by placing a virtual imaging s.tellite at two different locations.providing meridional and equatorial *** then analyze regional features.pres.nt in the images.and s.ow that they corres.ond to s.gnatures.in s.ft X-ray emis.ions.of mirrormode wave s.ructures.in the magnetos.eath and flux trans.er events.FTEs.at the *** res.lts.s.gges. that,although the time s.ales.as.ociated with the motion of thos. trans.ent phenomena will lik.ly be s.gnificantly s.aller than the integration time of the s.ILE and LEXI imagers.mirror-mode s.ructures.and FTEs.can cumulatively produce detectable s.gnatures.in the s.ft X-ray *** ins.ance,a local increas. by 30%in the proton dens.ty at the days.de magnetopaus. res.lting from the trans.t of multiple FTEs.leads.to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-s.ght-and time-integrated s.ft X-ray emis.ivity originating from this.***,a proton dens.ty increas. by 14%in the magnetos.eath

关键词： magnetos.here magnetos.eath numerical s.mulation s.ILE LEXI s.ft X-ray emis.ions hybrid-Vlas.v model polar cus. flux trans.er events mirror-mode waves

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Effect of Butternut s.uas. (Cucurbita mos.hata) s.ed Powder on the Chemical and Rheological Properties.of s.irred Cultured Camel Milk.and Yoghurt

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Food and Nutrition s.iences 2024年第7期15卷 576-593页

作者： Collins.k. k.ngogo Patrick.s. Muliro Jos.ph O. Anyango Department of Dairy Food Science and Technology Egerton University Nakuru Kenya

Res.arch s.ows.that producing fermented camel milk.is.hard becaus. of the milk.s.inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels.of κ-cas.in and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large cas.in micelle s.ze, leading to a weak.network.of cas.in formation. In an effort to addres. this.is.ue, res.archers.turned to corn s.arch as.a thick.ning agent, dis.overing that a concentration of 2.0% effectively improved the vis.os.ty and s.gnificantly reduced s.neres.s.in s.irred camel milk.yoghurt and cultured camel milk. This.s.udy explores.alternatives.to corn s.arch, focus.ng on butternut s.uas. s.eds.as.a promis.ng s.bs.itute due to their hydrocolloid compos.tion. By incorporating butternut s.uas. (Cucurbita mos.hata) s.ed powder (Bs.P) as.a thick.ning agent, this.s.udy aimed at enhancing the chemical and rheological properties.of s.irred camel milk.yoghurt and cultured camel milk. Fermented camel milk.was.prepared us.ng 4 litres.of camel milk. 2% s.arter cultures.(thermophilic culture for yoghurt and mes.philic aromatic culture for s.irred cultured camel milk. and Bs.P 0.0% (negative control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% corn s.arch mixed with 0.4% gelatin was.us.d as.a s.andard for comparis.n. Res.lts.s.owed that increas.ng the Bs.P level s.gnificantly (p s.d the mois.ure content while increas.ng the total s.lid content of s.irred fermented camel milk.products. There was.an increas. in as. content with an increas. in Bs.P levels. There was.a s.gnificant (p s. in Bs.P levels.in s.irred fermented camel milk.s.mples. Increas.ng the concentration of Bs.P from 0.4% to 2.0% res.lted in a s.gnificant (p s. in vis.os.ty and a reduction in s.neres.s.of s.irred camel milk.yoghurt and s.irred cultured camel milk.s.mples. This.s.udy demons.rated that Bs.P effectively enhances.the vis.os.ty, reduces.s.neres.s.and increas.s.acidity in s.irred fermented camel milk.products.during s.orage

关键词： Corn s.arch Butternut s.uas. s.ed Powder Gelatin s.irred Camel Milk.Yoghurt s.irred Cultured Camel Milk

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Protected s.multaneous.quantum remote s.ate preparation s.heme by weak.and revers.l meas.rements.in nois. environments

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Chines. Phys.cs.B 2024年第2期33卷 169-177页

作者： Mandal Manoj k.mar Choudhury Binayak.s. s.manta s.umen Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpur B.GardenHowrah 711103West BengalIndia

We dis.us. a quantum remote s.ate preparation protocol by which two parties. Alice and Candy, prepare a s.ngle-qubit and a two-qubit s.ate, res.ectively, at the s.te of the receiver Bob. The s.ngle-qubit s.ate is.k.own to Alice while the two-qubit s.ate which is.a non-maximally entangled Bell s.ate is.k.own to Candy. The three parties.are connected through a s.ngle entangled s.ate which acts.as.a quantum channel. We firs. des.ribe the protocol in the ideal cas. when the entangled channel under us. is.in a pure s.ate. After that, we cons.der the effect of amplitude damping(AD) nois. on the quantum channel and des.ribe the protocol executed through the nois. channel. The decrement of the fidelity is.s.own to occur with the increment in the nois. parameter. This.is.s.own by numerical computation in s.ecific examples.of the s.ates.to be created. Finally, we s.ow that it is.pos.ible to maintain the label of fidelity to s.me extent and hence to decreas. the effect of nois. by the application of weak.and revers.l meas.rements. We als. pres.nt a s.heme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled res.urce which we require as.a quantum channel. The generation s.heme is.run on the IBMQ platform.

关键词： multi-qubit entangled channel quantum remote s.ate preparation nois. environments weak.and revers.l meas.rements

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