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On the s.lvability of Implicit Functional Equations.with Applications.to Dis.ontinuous.Differential Equations

Acta Mathematica s.nica,Englis. s.ries 2006年第1期22卷 223-232页

作者： s. heikkila Department of Mathematical s.iences University of Oulu Box 3000 FIN-90014 University of Oulu Finland

In this.paper we s.all s.udy the s.lvability of dis.ontinuous.functional equations. and apply the s.-obtained res.lts.to dis.ontinuous.implicit initial value problems.in ordered Banach s.aces. The proofs.are bas.d on fixed point res.lts.in ordered s.aces.proved recently by the author. A concrete example is.s.lved to demons.rate the obtained res.lts.

关键词： Functional equations Initial value problems Implicit Dis.ontinuous.nonlinearities

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The cos.-effectivenes. of hypertonic s.line inhalations.for infant bronchiolitis. a decis.on analys.s

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第1期14卷 26-34页

作者： Paula heikkila Minna Mecklin Matti Korppi Tampere Center for Child Health Res.arch Universityof Tampere and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland Department of Pediatrics Tampere University HospitalPOBOX200033521T ampereFinland

Background This.s.udy evaluated the cos.-effectivenes. of hypertonic s.line (Hs. inhalations.for infant bronchiolitis. com-pared to normal s.line inhalations.or s.andard treatment without inhalations.as.controls. Methods.The decis.on tree in the decis.on analys.s.was.us.d to calculate the expected cos.s. Actual cos. data were obtained from our retros.ective cas.-control s.udy on bronchiolitis.treatment. The effectivenes. of treatment, bas.d on the hos.italiza-tion rate of thos. admitted to the emergency department and the length of s.ay (LOs. of thos. who were hos.italized, was.collected from previous.s.udies. For the effectivenes. es.imations. we made a meta-analys.s.s.mmarizing the res.lts.of the meta-analys.s.of the Cochrane review in 2013 and the res.lts.of 10 s.udies.publis.ed after it. Res.lts.The mean hos.italization rate was.24.7% in the Hs.inhalation group and 32.6% in the control group [ris. ratio: 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.96] and the mean LOs.was.3.736 (Hs.group) and 4.292 (controls. days.(mean difference: ? 0.55 days. 95% CI ? 0.96 to ? 0.15), res.ectively. The expected cos.s.per patient, when both inpatients.and outpatients.were included, were €816 ($1111) in the Hs.inhalation group and €962 ($1310) in the control group. The expected cos.s.per hos.italization, when only inpatients.were included, were €2600 ($3540) in the Hs.inhalation group and €2890 ($3935) in the control group. Conclus.ons.Hs.inhalations.s.ightly reduced the expected hos.italization cos.s.of infant bronchiolitis. However, the low effectivenes., rather than the cos., is.the factor that will limit the us. of Hs.inhalations.in infant bronchiolitis.

关键词： Bronchiolitis Cos.-effectivenes. Decis.on analys.s Hos.italization cos.s Hypertonic s.line

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中国城市化中出现的三个问题(英文)

中国城市化中出现的三个问题(英文)

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北京论坛（2006）文明的和谐与共同繁荣—对人类文明方式的思考

作者： Eric J.heikkila Univers.ty of s.uthern California’s.s.hool of Policy Planning and Development

Introduction Context For urbanis.s.the trans.ormation of contemporary China is.one of the mos. fas.inating cas. s.udies.*** s.ems.improbable that s.ch an immens. entity could launch its.lf s. abruptly in a newly s.t direction,and with s.fficient force to s.s.ain that momentum over *** level of urbanization in China was.les. than twenty percent of the population in 1978,and is.now approaching forty percent,with fifty percent anticipated by the year *** would s.em to defy the very laws.of ***,urbanization is.only one as.ect,albeit a very crucial one,of a much broader trans.ormation of Chines. *** have s.en China trans.orm its.lf from a clos.d s.ciety to one that actively s.eks.a central place in world affairs. Its.former command-and-control economic s.s.em has.devolved s.eadily towards.market norms.and ins.itutions.

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