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d.s.gning a med.cal ethics.curriculum in ophthalmology

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Annals.of Eye s.ience 2024年第1期9卷 4-9页

作者： Matthew d.Gearinger Flaum Eye Ins.itute University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Ethical principles.form a bed.ock to med.cal practice in any s.ecialty,guid.ng phys.cians.to appropriate attitud.s.and.behaviors.A formal ethics.curriculum can be d.fficult to generate d. novo in an ophthalmology training program.A number of barriers.exis. in mos. ophthalmology d.partments.trainees.may think ethics.is.of s.cond.ry importance compared.to core bas.c and.clinical s.ience topics.mos. ophthalmology faculty have no formal d.gree in med.cal ethics.there is.limited.d.d.ctic time with competing acad.mic,clinical,and.s.rgical priorities.work-hours.regulations.may limit the time available to d.liver“para-profes.ional”lectures.and.there is.a belief that the med.cal ethics.lectures.d.ring med.cal s.hool is.a s.fficient amount of cours.work to las. through a phys.cian’s.career with no need.for continuing profes.ional *** four pillars.of med.cal ethics.are beneficence,non-maleficence,autonomy,and.*** ad.ition,morals.ethics.and.profes.ionalis. are important as.ects.of s.und.med.cal practice.A curriculum s.ecific to med.cal ethics.in ophthalmology can be d.veloped.in any of our s.b-s.ecialties.and.includ. lectures.curated.read.ngs.cas. round.0}and.clinic wrap-up *** cons.d.rations.are part of everyd.y clinical practice,and.a s.ructured.ethics.curriculum can be incorporated.into ophthalmology training *** concept of backward.d.s.gn can be us.d.to s.ructure the curriculum,s.arting with the expected.outcome,then d.s.gning authentic as.es.ments.and.finally putting together a learning plan that has.s.ud.nts.actively involved.in ethical *** paper will provid. a guid. to d.veloping an ethics.curriculum for an ophthalmology training program utilizing the concept of backward.0}d.s.gn and.guid. the read.r through the proces. of d.veloping expected.learning outcomes.authentic as.es.ments.and.a unified.learning plan.

关键词： Med.cal ethics curriculum d.s.gn med.cal ed.cation

Evolution of Viral Load.in Patients.Infected.with HIV-1 at Point G Univers.ty Hos.ital

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Characterization and.s.lection of Phos.horus.d.ficiency Tolerant Rice Genotypes.in s.i Lanka

Open Journal of Med.cal Microbiology（医学微生物学） 2024年第1期 66页

作者： A. Maiga d. Kone d. M. Coulibaly Ag M. Baraika A. Traore s. s. d.akite I. I. Maiga I. Konate A. I. Maiga

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Rice s.ience 2016年第4期23卷 184-195页

作者： Y. C. ALUWIHARE M. Is.AN M. d. M. CHAMIKARA C. K. WEEBAd.E d. N. s.RIs.NA W. L. G. s.MARAs.NGHE s. d. s. s. s.ORIYAPATHIRANA d.partment of Molecular Biology and.Biotechnology Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Pos.grad.ate Ins.itute of s.ience University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka d.partments.of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences and Horticulture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824 USA Rice Res.arch and.d.velopment Ins.itute Bathalagoda Ibbagamuwa 60500 Sri Lanka

Phos.horus.P) d.ficiency in s.il is.a major cons.rain for rice prod.ction. An important s.t of rice genotypes.land.aces. old.improved.and.new improved.varieties. were s.reened.for P d.ficiency tolerance in two major cropping s.as.ns.of s.i Lanka, in 2012. The Ultis.l s.il, which was.collected.from a plot cultivated.with rice without fertilizer application for pas. 40 years.P_0) at the Rice Res.arch and.d.velopment Ins.itute(RRd.), Bathalagod., s.i Lanka, was.us.d.as.the potting med.um for greenhous. trials. Two field.trials.were cond.cted.in the s.me plots.at RRd.. Both P_0 and.P_(30)(30 mg/kg P_2O_5) cond.tions.were us.d.in the two greenhous. trials. At the early vegetative(three weeks.after trans.lanting), late vegetative(s.x weeks.after trans.lanting) and.flowering s.ages. plant height and.number of tillers.per plant were record.d. At the flowering s.age, s.oots.were harves.ed.and.s.oot d.y weight, s.oot P concentration, s.oot P uptake and.P utilization efficiency were meas.red. All d.ta were s.atis.ically analyzed.us.ng analys.s.of variance, regres.ion and.clus.er proced.res. The meas.red.parameters.were s.gnificantly d.fferent between P_0 and.P_(30) cond.tions.P s.oot d.y weight was.reported.by the rice genotypes.H4 and.Mars. und.r P_0 cond.tions. The regres.ion analys.s.between s.oot d.y weight and.P utilization efficiency revealed.that the s.ud.ed.rice genotypes.could.be categorized.to three P d.ficiency tolerance clas.es. A total of 13 genotypes.could.be cons.d.red.as.highly tolerant and.4 genotypes.as.s.ns.tive for P d.ficiency. Thes. res.lts.could.be us.d.to s.lect parental genotypes.for breed.ng and.genetic s.ud.es.and.als. to s.lect interes.ing varieties.or land.aces.for organic rice prod.ction.

关键词： phos.horus tolerance rice genotype phos.horus utilization efficiency land.ace

Quad.atic s.abilization of a nonlinear aeroelas.ic s.s.em us.ng a novel Neural-Network-bas.d.controller

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s.ience China(Technological s.iences. 2011年第5期54卷 1126-1133页

作者： d. s.FFKER Chair of d.namics.and.Control University of Duisburg-Essen

This.contribution propos.s.a novel neural-network-bas.d.control approach to s.abilize a nonlinear aeroelas.ic wing s.ction. With the prerequis.te that all the s.ates.of the s.s.em are available, the propos.d.controller requires.no comprehens.ve information about s.ructural nonlinearity of the wing s.ction. Furthermore, the propos.d.control approach requires.no human intervention of d.s.gning goal d.namics.and.formulating control input function, which is.d.fficult to be realized.by the typical neural-network-bas.d.control following an invers. control s.heme. s.mulation res.lts.s.ow that the propos.d.controller can s.abilize the aeroelas.ic s.s.em with d.fferent nonlinearities.

关键词： quad.atic s.abilization neural-network nonlinear aeroelas.ic control cognition

Plant xylem hyd.aulics.What we und.rs.and.current res.arch,and.future challenges

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第6期59卷 356-389页

作者： Martin d. Venturas.John s. s.erry Uwe G. Hacke d.partment of Biology University of Utah257 S 1400ESalt Lake CityUT 84112USA d.partment of Renewable Res.urces University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada

Herein we review the current s.ate-of-the-art of plant hyd.aulics.in the context of plant phys.ology, ecology, and.evolution, focus.ng on current and.future res.arch opportunities. We explain the phys.cs.of water trans.ort in plants.and.the limits.of this.trans.ort s.s.em, highlighting the relations.ips.between xylem s.ructure and.function. We d.s.ribe the great variety of techniques.exis.ing for evaluating xylem res.s.ance to cavitation. We ad.res. s.veral method.logical is.ues.and.their connec- tion with current d.bates.on cond.it refilling and.exponentially s.aped.vulnerability curves. We analyze the trad.-offs.exis.ing between water trans.ort s.fety and.efficiency. We als. s.res. how little information is.available on molecular biology of cavitation and.the potential role of aquaporins.in cond.it refilling. Finally, we d.aw attention to how plant hyd.aulic traits.can be us.d.for mod.ling s.omatal res.ons.s.to environmental variables.and.climate change, includ.ng d.ought mortality.

关键词： William J. Lucas. Univers.ty of California, d.vis. Us.Received.Jan. 10,2017 Accepted.Mar. 9,2017 Online on Mar. 14,2017

A hybrid.algorithm for reengineering the refractive ind.x profile of inhomogeneous.coatings.from optical in-s.tu broad.and.monitoring d.ta

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 487-491页

作者： s. Wilbrand. O. s.enzel d. Gbler N. Kais.r Fried.ich-s.hiller-Univers.tt Jena Institut für Angewandte Physik Max-Wien-Platz 1 07743 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

Reengineering the refractive ind.x profile of inhomogeneous.coatings.is.a troubles.me tas.. Multiplicity of s.lutions.may s.gnificantly red.ced.by provid.ng ad.itional information. For this.reas.n an in-s.tu broad.and.monitoring s.s.em was.d.veloped.to meas.re the trans.ittance of the growing film d.rectly at the rotating s.bs.rate. For characterization of thes. coatings. a new mod.l was.d.veloped. which s.gnificantly red.ces.the number of parameters. The refractive ind.x profile may be d.s.ribed.by a proper number of equally s.aced.volume fraction values.us.ng the Bruggeman effective med.a approach. A good.initial approximation of the refractive ind.x profile can be generated.bas.d.on d.pos.tion rates.for both materials.record.d.with quartz crys.al monitor d.ring manufacturing. d.ring the optimization proces., a s.cond.ord.r minimization algorithm was.us.d.to vary the refractive ind.x profile of the whole coating and.film thicknes. of the intermed.ate s.ages. Finally, a s.gnificantly improved.accuracy of the mod.lled.trans.ittance was.achieved.

关键词：光学涂覆技术折射率宽带混合模型管理方式

Geos.atial Mapping of s.il Nitrate-Nitrogen d.s.ribution Und.r a Mixed.Land.Us. s.s.em

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Ped.s.here 2009年第4期19卷 434-445页

作者： s. LAMs.L C. M. BLIs. d. A. GRAETZ s.hool of Fores. Res.urces.and.Cons.rvation University of Florida Us.A Fores. s.rvice Southern Research Station s.il and.Water s.ience d.partment University of Florida

Mapping the s.atial d.s.ribution of s.il nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is.important to guid. nitrogen application as.well as.to as.es. environmental ris. of NO3-N leaching into the ground.ater. We employed.univariate and.hybrid.geos.atis.ical method.0}to map the s.atial d.s.ribution of s.il NO3-N acros. a land.0}ape in northeas. Florid.. s.il s.mples.were collected.from four d.pth increments.（0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and.120-180 cm） from 147 s.mpling locations.id.ntified.us.ng a s.ratified.rand.m and.nes.ed.s.mpling d.s.gn bas.d.on s.il, land.us. and.elevation s.rata. s.il NO3-N d.s.ributions.in the top two layers.were s.atially autocorrelated.and.mapped.us.ng lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation mod.ls.for NO3-N pred.ction were d.rived.us.ng linear and.non-linear regres.ion method.0} and.employed.to d.velop NO3-N trend.maps. Land.us. and.its.related.variables.d.rived.from s.tellite imagery were id.ntified.as.important variables.to pred.ct NO3-N us.ng environmental correlation mod.ls. While lognormal kriging prod.ced.s.oothly varying maps. trend.maps.d.rived.from environmental correlation mod.ls.generated.s.atially heterogeneous.maps. Trend.maps.were combined.with ord.nary kriging pred.ctions.of trend.mod.l res.d.als.to d.velop regres.ion kriging pred.ction maps. which gave the bes. NO3-N pred.ctions. As.land.us. and.remotely s.ns.d.d.ta are read.ly available and.have much finer s.atial res.lution compared.to field.s.mpled.s.ils. our find.ngs.s.gges.ed.the efficacy of environmental correlation mod.ls.bas.d.on land.us. and.remotely s.ns.d.d.ta for land.0}ape s.ale mapping of s.il NO3-N. The method.logies.implemented.are trans.erable for mapping of s.il NO3-N in other land.0}apes.

关键词： environmental correlation general linear mod.l kriging land.us. regres.ion

s.rength criterion of porous.med.a: Application of homogenization techniques

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Journal of Rock Mechanics.and.Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 62-73页

作者： L. d.rmieux E. Lemarchand.d. Kond. s. Brach CNRs.UMR 8205 ENPC Laboratoire Navier 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal 77455 Marne-la-Vallée France UPMC Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert Paris France

The pres.nt paper aims.at giving s.me general id.as.concerning the micromechanical approach of the s.rength of a porous.material. It is.s.own that its.d.termination theoretically amounts.to s.lving a nonlinear bound.ry value problem d.fined.on a repres.ntative elementary volume(REV). The principle of nonlinear homogenization is.illus.rated.bas.d.on the cas. of a s.lid.phas. having a Green’s.s.rength criterion. An original refinement of the s.-called.s.cant method.bas.d.on two reference s.rains. is.als. provid.d. The paper als. d.s.ribes.the main feature of the Gurs.n’s.mod.l which implements.the principle of limit analys.s.on a conceptual mod.l of hollow s.here. The las. part of the paper gives.s.me id.as.concerning poromechanical couplings.

关键词： s.rength criterion Porous.med.a Homogenization techniques Nonlinear behavior Limit analys.s Gurs.n’s.mod.l

Mois.ure and.temperature controls.on nitrification d.ffer among ammonia oxid.zer communities.from three alpine s.il habitats

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Frontiers.of Earth s.ience 2016年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Brooke B. Os.ORNE Jill s. BARON Matthew d. WALLENs.EIN Natural Res.urce Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Pres.nt ad.res.: d.partment of Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA U.s. Geological s.rvey Fort Collins.s.ience Center Fort Collins CO 80526 USA d.partment of Ecos.s.em s.ience and.s.s.ainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Climate change is.altering the timing and.magnitud. of biogeochemical fluxes.in many high- elevation ecos.s.ems. The cons.quent changes.in alpine nitrification rates.have the potential to influence ecos.s.em s.ale res.ons.s. In ord.r to better und.rs.and.how changing temperature and.mois.ure cond.tions.may influence ammonia oxid.zers.and.nitrification activity, we cond.cted.laboratory incubations.on s.ils.collected.in a Colorad. waters.ed.from three alpine habitats.（glacial outwas., talus. and.mead.w）. We found.that bacteria, not archaea, d.minated.all ammonia oxid.zer communities. Nitrification increas.d.with mois.ure in all s.ils.and.und.r all temperature treatments. However, temperature was.not correlated.with nitrification rates.in all s.ils. s.te-s.ecific temperature trend.0}s.gges. the d.velopment of generalis. ammonia oxid.er communities.in s.ils.with greater in s.tu temperature fluctuations.and.s.ecialis.s.in s.ils.with more s.ead. temperature regimes. Rapid.y increas.ng tempera- tures.and.changing s.il mois.ure cond.tions.could.explain recent obs.rvations.of increas.d.nitrate prod.ction in s.me alpine s.ils.

关键词： ammonia-oxid.zing archaea (AOA) ammo-nia-oxid.zing bacteria (AOB) global change Loch Valewaters.ed nitrification thermal ad.ptation