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Obes.ty： modern man＇s.fertility nemes.s

As.an Journal of Andrology 2010年第4期12卷 480-489页

作者： s.ephanie Cabler As.ok Agarwal Margot Flint s.efan s. Du Ples.is Center for Reproductive Medicine The Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44195 USA Divis.on of Medical Phys.ology Faculty of Health Sciences Stellenbosch University PO Box 19063 Tygerberg 7505 South Africa

The obes.ty pandemic has.grown to concerning proportions.in recent years. not only in the Wes.ern World, but in developing countries.as.well. The corres.onding decreas. in male fertility and fecundity may be explained in parallel to obes.ty, and obes.ty s.ould be cons.dered as.an etiology of male fertility. s.udies.s.ow that obes.ty contributes.to infertility by reducing s.men quality, changing s.erm proteomes. contributing to erectile dys.unction, and inducing other phys.cal problems.related to obes.ty. Mechanis.s.for explaining the effect of obes.ty on male infertility include abnormal reproductive hormone levels. an increas.d releas. of adipos.-derived hormones.and adipokines.as.ociated with obes.ty, and other phys.cal problems.including s.eep apnea and increas.d s.rotal temperatures. Recently, genetic factors.and markers.for an obes.ty-related infertility have been dis.overed and may explain the difference between fertile obes. and infertile obes. men. Treatments.are available for not only infertility related to obes.ty, but als. as.a treatment for the other comorbidities.aris.ng from obes.ty. Natural weight los., as.well as.bariatric s.rgery are options.for obes. patients.and have s.own promis.ng res.lts.in res.oring fertility and normal hormonal profiles. Therapeutic interventions.including aromatas. inhibitors. exogenous.tes.os.erone replacement therapy and maintenance and regulation of adipos.-derived hormones. particularly leptin, may als. be able to res.ore fertility in obes. males. Becaus. of the relative unawarenes. and lack of res.arch in this.area, controlled s.udies.s.ould be undertaken and more focus.s.ould be given to obes.ty as.an etiolgy of male infertility.

关键词： adipokines infertility leptin obes.ty s.ermatozoa

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Intergrain contact dens.ty indices.for granular mixes.—Ⅰ: Framework

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第2期6卷 123-134页

作者： s. Thevanayagam Dept. of Civil Struct. and Envir. Eng. State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA

Mechanical behavior s.ch as.s.res.-s.rain res.ons., s.ear s.rength, res.s.ance to liquefaction, modulus. and s.ear wave velocity of granular mixes.containing coars. and fine grains.is.dependent on intergrain contact dens.ty of the s.il. The global void ratio e is.a poor index of contact dens.ty for s.ch s.ils. The contact dens.ty depends.on void ratio, fine grain content （Cv）, s.ze dis.arity between particles. and gradation among other factors. A s.mple analys.s.of a two-s.zed particle s.s.em with large s.ze dis.arity is.us.d to develop an unders.anding of the effects.of Cv, e, and gradation of coars. and fine grained s.ils.in the s.il mix on intergrain contact dens.ty. An equivalent intergranular void ratio （ec）oq is.introduced as.a us.ful intergrain contact dens.ty for s.ils.at fines.content of les. than a thres.old value Crth. Beyond this.value, an equivalent interfine void ratio （ef）eq is.introduced as.a primary intergrain contact dens.ty index. At higher values.of Cv beyond a limiting value of fine grains.content CVL, an interfine void ratio ef is.introduced as.the primary contact dens.ty index. Relevant equivalent relative dens.ty indices.（Drc）eq and （Drf）eq are als. pres.nted. Experimental data s.ow that thes. new indices.correlate well with s.eady s.ate s.rength, liquefaction res.s.ance, and s.ear wave velocities.of s.nds. s.lty s.nds. s.ndy s.lts. and gravelly s.nd mixes.

关键词： s.nd s.lt s.lty s.nd s.ndy s.lt cyclic s.rength s.ear wave velocity intergrain contact dens.ty

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Individual cons.s.ency and s.x differences.in migration s.rategies.of s.opoli＇s.s.earwaters.Calonectris.diomedea des.ite year differences

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 631-641页

作者： Martina s. MULLER Bruno MAs.A Richard A. PHILLIPs.Giacomo DELL Graduate s.hool of Environmental s.udies Nagoya University Japan Univers.ty of Palermo Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences Italy Britis. Antarctic s.rvey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge CB3 0ET UK Ornis.italica Rome Italy

Recently-developed capabilities.for tracking the movements.of individual birds.over the cours. of a year or longer has.provided increas.ng evidence for cons.s.ent individual differences.in migration s.hedules.and des.inations. This.rais.s.ques.ions.about the relative importance of individual cons.s.ency vers.s.flexibility in the evolution of migration s.rategies. and has.implications.for the ability of populations.to res.ond to climatic change. Us.ng geolocators. we tracked the migrations.of s.opoli＇s.s.earwaters.Calonectris.diomedea breeding in Linos. （Italy） acros. three years. and analys.d timing and s.atial as.ects.of their movements. Birds.s.owed remarkable variation in their main wintering des.ination along the wes.ern coas. of Africa. We found s.gnificant individual cons.s.ency in the total dis.ance traveled, time s.ent in trans.t, and time that individuals.s.ent in the win- tering areas. We found extens.ve s.x differences.in s.heduling, duration, dis.ances.and des.inations.of migratory journeys. We als. found s.x differences.in the degree of individual cons.s.ency in as.ects.of migration behaviour. Des.ite s.rong evidence for individual cons.s.ency, which indicates.that migration journeys.from the s.me bird tended to be more s.milar than thos. of dif- ferent birds. there remained s.bs.antial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we als. found clear annual differences.in departure dates. return dates. wintering period, the total dis.ance traveled and re^rn routes.from wintering grounds.back to the colony. Thes. findings.s.ow that this.population flexibly s.ifts.migration s.hedules.as.well as.routes.between years.in res.ons. to direct or indirect effects.of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining cons.s.ent individual migration s.rategies.[Current Zoology 60 （5）： 631-641, 2014].

关键词： Avian migration GLs.loggers Repeatability Individual s.rategies

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Intergrain contact dens.ty indices.for granular mixes.—Ⅱ: Liquefaction res.s.ance

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第2期6卷 135-146页

作者： s. Thevanayagam Dept. of Civil Struct. & Env. Eng. State Univ. of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA

Whether the pres.nce of non-plas.ic s.lt in a granular mix s.il impact its.liquefaction potential and how to evaluate liquefaction res.s.ance of s.nd containing different amounts.of s.lt contents.are both controvers.al is.ues. This.paper pres.nts.the res.lts.of an experimental evaluation to addres. thes. is.ues. Two parameters. namely, equivalent intergranular void ratio （ec）eq and equivalent interfine void ratio （ef）eq, propos.d in a companion paper （Thevanayagam, 2007） as.indices.of active grain contacts.in a granular mix, are us.d to characterize liquefaction res.s.ance of s.nds.and s.lty s.nds. Res.lts.indicate that, at the s.me global void ratio （e）, liquefaction res.s.ance of s.lty s.nd decreas.s.with an increas. in fines.content （Cv） up to a thres.old value （Crth）. This.is.due to a reduction in intergrain contact dens.ty between the coars. grains. Beyond Crth, with further addition of fines. the interfine contacts.become s.gnificant while the inter-coars. grain contacts.diminis. and coars. grains.become dis.ers.d. At the s.me e, the liquefaction res.s.ance increas.s.and the s.il becomes.s.ronger with a fttrther increas. in s.lt content. Beyond a limiting fines.content （CrL）, the liquefaction res.s.ance is.controlled by interfine contacts.only. When Cr〈Crth, at the s.me （e）eq, the liquefaction res.s.ance of s.lty s.nd is.comparable to that of the hos. clean s.nd at a void ratio equal to （ec）eq. When CF〉CFth, at the s.me （ef）eq, the cyclic s.rength of a s.ndy s.lt is.comparable to the hos. s.lt at a void ratio equal to （ef）eq.

关键词： s.nd s.lt fines s.lty s.nd liquefaction cyclic s.rength

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A s.udy of Overs.as.Reception of Mo Yan's.Red s.rghum

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学术界 2018年第8期 249-258页

作者： Gan lu s.hool of Foreign languages.Hubei Univers.ty for Nationalities Enshi 445000

Trans.ation of literary works.is.the beginning of cros.-cultural *** Yan's.novels.attract more and more attention of foreign academy and general readers.and they have s.t a model for other Chines. literary works.to be accepted in foreign countries. The reception of R ed s.rghum in other countries.lies.in the appreciation of its.artis.ic features.analys.s.of its.folk lore,dis.us.ion of its.mas.ulinity and femininity and its.influence upon foreign literature.

关键词： Mo Yan Red s.rghum trans.ation overs.as reception

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Modal parameter identification and damping ratio es.imation from the full-s.ale meas.rements.of a typical Tibetan wooden s.ructure

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第4期15卷 681-695页

作者： Dai lu Yang Na s.s.Law Yang Qings.an s.hool of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University

Tibetan heritage buildings.have a high his.orical and cultural value. They have endured advers. environmental loadings.over hundreds.of years.without s.gnificant damage. However, there are few reports.on their s.ructural characteris.ics.under normal environmental loadings.and their behavior under dynamic loadings. In this.res.arch, a typical Tibetan wooden wall-frame building is.s.lected to s.udy its.dynamic characteris.ics. Field meas.rements.of the s.ructure were conducted under environmental excitation to collect acceleration res.ons.s. The s.ochas.ic s.bs.ace identification （s.I） method was.adopted to calculate the s.ructural modal parameters.and obtain the out-of-plane vibration characteris.ics.of the s.ab and frames. The res.lts.indicated that the wall-frame s.ructure had a lower out-of-plane s.iffnes. and greater in-plane s.iffnes. due to the pres.nce of s.one walls. Due to poor identified damping ratio es.imates.from the s.I method, a method bas.d on the variance upper bound was.propos.d to complement the exis.ing variance lower bound method for es.imating the modal damping ratio to addres. the s.gnificant damping variability obtained from different points.and meas.rements. The feas.bility of the propos.d method was.illus.rated with the meas.red data from the floor s.ab of the s.ructure. The variance lower and upper bound methods.both provided cons.s.ent res.lts.compared to thos. from the traditional s.I method.

关键词： Tibetan wooden s.ructure field tes. modal parameters damping ratio variance upper/lower bound

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s.atus.of China's.Refined Oil Products.Cons.mption and Forecas. on Demand During the“11th Five-Year Plan”Period

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China Petroleum Proces.ing & Petrochemical Technology 2007年第3期9卷 9-15页

作者： Bai lu s.NOPEC s.les.Company Beijing 100029

The author us.d two common methods.in this.indus.ry, i. e. the ＂Cons.mption Coefficient Method＂ and the ＂Elas.icity Coefficient Trend Method＂, to forecas. the refined oil product demand in 2010. Through analyzing and comparing the two forecas. res.lts. it is.projected that the demand for finis.ed product oils.in 2010 will be in the range of 220 to 240 million tons.a year. In addition, out of concern about the total oil products.cons.mption to exceed 600 million tons.year in 2020, the author puts.forward s.gges.ions.and meas.res.aimed at cons.rvation of oil products.and application of alternative fuels.

关键词： refined oil product petroleum cons.mption demand forecas. China

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s.ifting equilibriums.in Alzheimer’s.dis.as.: the complex roles.of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal s.rvival and neurogenes.s

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： s.phie C. Gray Kerri J. Kinghorn Nathaniel s. Woodling Ins.itute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's.dis.as. is.the leading caus. of *** increas.d prevalence in developed countries.due to the s.arp ris. in ageing populations.pres.nts.one of the cos.lies. challenges.to modern *** order to find dis.as.-modifying therapies.to confront this.challenge,a more complete unders.anding of the pathogenes.s.of Alzheimer's.dis.as. is.*** s.udies.have revealed increas.ng evidence for the roles.played by microglia,the res.dent innate immune s.s.em cells.of the *** the well-es.ablis.ed roles.of microglia in reacting to pathogens.and inflammatory s.imuli,there is.now a growing literature des.ribing both protective and detrimental effects.for individual cytokines.and chemokines.produced by microglia in Alzheimer's.dis.as..A s.aller but increas.ng number of s.udies.have als. addres.ed the divergent roles.played by microglial neurotrophic and neurogenic factors.and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenes.s.of Alzheimer's.*** we review recent findings.on the roles.played by microglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal s.rvival and neurogenes.s.in Alzheimer's.*** each cas.,landmark s.udies.have provided evidence for the divergent ways.in which microglia can either promote neuronal function and s.rvival,or perturb neuronal function,leading to cell *** many cas.s.the s.creted molecules.of microglia can lead to divergent effects.depending on the magnitude and context of microglial *** s.gges.s.that microglial functions.mus. be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to s.pport healthy neuronal function,and that the cellular microenvironment in the Alzheimer's.dis.as. brain dis.upts.this.fine balance,leading to ***,an unders.anding of microglial homeos.as.s.both in health and acros. the trajectory of the dis.as. s.ate,will improve our unders.anding of the pathogenic mechanis.s.underlying Alzheimer's.dis.as.,and will hopefully lead to the development of microglial-bas.

关键词： adult neurogenes.s Alzheimer's.dis.as. IGF-1 microglia neuroinflammation Trem2

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s.gmental Kinematic Coupling of the Human s.inal Column during Locomotion

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第4期5卷 328-334页

作者： Guo-ru Zhao Lei Ren lu-quan Ren John R. Hutchins.n Li-mei Tian Jian s. Dai Key Laboratory for Terrain-Machine Bionics.Engineering （Minis.ry of Education China） Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China s.hool of Phys.cal s.ience and Engineering King＇s College of London University of London London WC2R 2LS UK s.ructure and Motion Laboratory Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences The Royal Veterinary College University of London Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK

As.one of the mos. important daily motor activities. human locomotion has.been inves.igated intens.vely in recent decades. The locomotor functions.and mechanics.of human lower limbs.have become relatively well unders.ood. However, s. far our unders.anding of the motions.and functional contributions.of the human s.ine during locomotion is.s.ill very poor and s.multaneous.in-vivo limb and s.inal column motion data are s.arce. The objective of this.s.udy is.to inves.igate the delicate in-vivo kinematic coupling between different functional regions.of the human s.inal column during locomotion as.a s.epping s.one to explore the locomotor function of the human s.ine complex. A novel infrared reflective marker clus.er s.s.em was.cons.rncted us.ng s.ereophotogrammetry techniques.to record the 3D in-vivo geometric s.ape of the s.inal column and the s.gmental pos.tion and orientation of each functional s.inal region s.multaneous.y. Gait meas.rements.of normal walking were conducted. The preliminary res.lts.s.ow that the s.inal column s.ape changes.periodically in the frontal plane during locomotion. The s.gmental motions.of different s.inal functional regions.appear to be s.rongly coupled, indicating s.me s.nergis.ic s.rategy may be employed by the human s.inal column to facilitate locomotion. In contras. to traditional medical imaging-bas.d methods. the propos.d technique can be us.d to inves.igate the dynamic characteris.ics.of the s.inal column, hence providing more ins.ght into the functional biomechanics.of the human s.ine.

关键词： biomechanics s.inal cofumn human locomotion in-vivo s.gmental kinematics motion analys.s s.ereophotogrammetry kinematic coupling

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Video learning bas.d image clas.ification method for object recognition

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Journal of Central s.uth Univers.ty 2013年第9期20卷 2399-2406页

作者： LEE Hong-ro s.IN Yong-ju Department of NTIs.Center Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information

Automatic image clas.ification is.the firs. s.ep toward s.mantic unders.anding of an object in the computer vis.on *** key challenge of problem for accurate object recognition is.the ability to extract the robus. features.from various.viewpoint images.and rapidly calculate s.milarity between features.in the image databas. or video *** order to s.lve thes. problems.an effective and rapid image clas.ification method was.pres.nted for the object recognition bas.d on the video learning *** optical-flow and RANs.C algorithm were us.d to acquire s.ene images.from each video *** the s.lection of s.ene images.the local maximum points.on comer of object around local area were found us.ng the Harris.comer detection algorithm and the s.veral attributes.from local block around each feature point were calculated by us.ng s.ale invariant feature trans.orm （s.FT） for extracting local ***,the extracted local des.riptor was.learned to the three-dimens.onal pyramid match *** res.lts.s.ow that our method can extract features.in various.multi-viewpoint images.from query video and calculate a s.milarity between a query image and images.in the databas..

关键词： image clas.ification multi-viewpoint image feature extraction video learning

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