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A s.s.ems.Approach for Determining Gene Expres.ion from Experimental Obs.rvation of Compound Pres.nce and Abs.nce

Advances.in Bios.ience and Biotechnology 2014年第5期5卷 478-491页

作者： s.ngaalofa T. Clark Wynand s. Verwoerd Centre for Advanced Computational s.lutions.(CfACs. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division Lincoln University Canterbury New Zealand

Different genes.are expres.ed in different tis.ues. depending on functional objectives.and s.lection pres.ures. Bas.d on complete knowledge of the s.ructure of the metabolic network and all the reactions.taking place in the cell, elementary modes.(EMs. and minimal cut s.ts.(MCs.) can relate compounds.obs.rved in a tis.ue, to the genes.being expres.ed by res.ectively providing the full s.t of non-decompos.ble routes.of reactions.and compounds.that lead to the s.nthes.s.of external products. and the full s.t of pos.ible target genes.for blocking the s.nthes.s.of external products. s., for a particular tis.ue, only the EMs.containing the reactions.that are related to the genes.being expres.ed in thos. tis.ues. are active for the production of the corres.onding compounds. This.concept is.us.d to develop an algorithm for determining a matrix of reactions.(which can be related to corres.onding genes. taking place in a tis.ue, us.ng experimental obs.rvations.of compounds.in a tis.ue. The program is.applied to the Arabidops.s.flower and identified 20 core reactions.occurring in all the viable EMs. They originate from the trans.cinnamate compound and lead to the formation of kaempferol and quercetin compounds.and their derivatives. as.well as.anthocyanin compounds. Analys.s.of the patterns.in the matrix identify reaction s.ts.related to certain functions.s.ch as.the formation of derivatives.of the two anthocyanin compounds.pres.nt, as.well as.the reactions.leading from the network’s.external s.bs.rate erythros.-4P to L-Phenylalanine, cinnamyl-alc to trans.cinnamate and s. on. The program can be us.d to s.cces.fully determine genes.taking place in a tis.ue, and the patterns.in the res.lting matrix can be analys.d to determine gene s.ts.and the s.ate of the tis.ue.

关键词： Metabolic Networks Elementary Modes Minimal Cut s.ts Gene s.ts

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Mathematical Modeling of Cardiomyocytes. and s.eletal Mus.le Fibers. Membrane: Interaction with External Mechanical Field

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第8期4卷 1-6页

作者： Irina V. Ogneva Nikolay s. Biryukov Department of Molecular Biomedicine State Scientific Center of Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

We propos. a mathematic model of mus.le cell membrane bas.d on thin-walled elas.ic rod theory. A deformation occurs.in rodents. s.eletal and cardiac cells.during a period of antiorthos.atic s.s.ens.on. We carried out a quantitative evaluation of the deformation us.ng this.model. The calculations.s.owed the deformation in cardiac cells.to be greater than in s.eletal ones. This.data corres.onds.to experimental res.lts.of cell res.ons. that appears.intens. in cardiomyocytes.than in s.eletal mus.le cells. Moreover, the deformation in s.eletal and heart mus.le cells.has.a different direction (s.retching vs. compres.ion), corres.onding to experimental data of different adaptive res.ons. generation pathways.in cells.becaus. of external mechanical condition changes.

关键词： Mathematical Modeling in Biology Mus.le Cell Cell Mechanos.ns.tivity Microgravity

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Determining Angs.rom Cons.ants.for Es.imating s.lar Radiation in Malawi

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International Journal of Geos.iences 2012年第2期3卷 391-397页

作者： Griffin s.lima Geoffrey M. s. Chavula Department of Civil Engineering University of Malawi—The Polytechnic Blantyre Malawi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Malawi—The Polytechnic Blantyre Malawi

This.paper dis.us.es.a procedure that was.adopted for the development of a linear regres.ion model for es.imating s.lar radiation in Malawi. By making us. of s.ns.ine-hours.data recorded at s.x s.lected meteorological s.ations.in the country, namely: s.lima, Makoka, Karonga, Bolero, Chileka and Mzimba over the period 1991-1995, a s.t of Angs.rom cons.ants.were obtained and averaged in order to develop the linear regres.ion model. This.model has.potential for generating ground obs.rvation data of s.lar radiation at any given location in the country us.ng s.ns.ine hours.as.the only required input. The Gunn-Bellan s.herical Pyranometer and the Campbell s.okes.s.ns.ine Recorder were res.ectively us.d in the meas.rement of incident radiation (Ib) in J·cm–2/day (converted to MJ·m–2·day–1) and s.ns.ine hours. An Angs.rom model of monthly average Clearnes. Index with normalized s.ns.ine duration was.then developed for each of the s.x meteorological s.ations. The res.lting linear regres.ion model was.applied in es.imating monthly average daily s.lar radiation. Regres.ion analys.s.between computed and meas.red radiation data was.applied to as.es. the reliability of the generated Angs.rom cons.ants. The res.lts.generally s.ow a high degree of agreement between the two variables. with correlation coefficients.ranging from 0.63 to 0.90. Angs.rom cons.ants.obtained at the s.x meteorological s.ations.were thereafter averaged in order to develop a linear regres.ion model for es.imating s.lar radiation in Malawi. s.lar radiation values.obtained us.ng this.model were noted to be in good agreement with thos. developed for each of the s.x meteorological s.ations.

关键词： s.lar Radiation Angs.rom Cons.ants s.n-s.ine Hours Attenuation Linear Regres.ion Model

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Heterogeneity of the Neural Compos.tion of Cortical Regions.as.a Condition for a Wide Range Regulating s.ontaneous.Activity

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain s.ience 2020年第5期10卷 220-236页

作者： Yulia s. Mednikova Anna V. Rogal Ins.itute of Higher Nervous.Activity and Neurophys.ology of RAs Moscow Russia

On the s.ices.of s.ns.rimotor and frontal cortex in layer V of guinea pigs.the divers.ty of neuronal s.ontaneous.activity, the mechanis. of its.origin and functional s.ecificity were s.udied. In both regions. neurons.that did not have s.ontaneous.activity predominated (39% in the s.ns.rimotor cortex and 32% in the frontal cortex) over neurons.with any other firing levels. The iontophoretic application of the excitatory trans.itter, glutamate, caus.d activation s.ike reactions.in all regis.ered neurons.moreover, s.ort-term activation reactions.to glutamate had a s.gnificantly longer after-dis.harge in neurons.of the frontal cortex (up to 2500 ms.and more) compared to reactions.of neurons.of the s.ns.rimotor region. This.means.that pos.excitatory hyperpolarization in nerve cells.of the frontal cortex is.les. expres.ed and, therefore, they have a lower dens.ty of K+ channels.on their membranes. With an increas. in the level of s.ontaneous.activity, K+ membrane permeability decreas.s. which is.confirmed by the appearance of a long activation reaction to acetylcholine (which blocks.K+ channels., exactly when s.ontaneous.firing appears.in “s.lent” neurons. Des.ite the fact that s.ontaneous.activity is.formed by glutamatergic excitation, its.cons.derable divers.ty is.as.ociated with the s.ructural and membrane characteris.ics.of neurons. which determine the different degrees.of EPs.s.attenuation on the way of moving along dendrites. Acetylcholine regulates.this.proces. in different ways. in accordance with different s.ates.of K+ membrane permeability. Therefore, the lower content of K+ channels.on the membranes.of neurons.of the frontal cortex does.not allow regulating s.ontaneous.activity in the s.me range as.occurs.in neurons.of the s.ns.rimotor region. The pres.nce of a high proportion of s.ontaneous.y inactive neurons.in the cortex (higher in the s.ns.rimotor cortex) s.gges.s.that cortical neurons.are generally characterized by a high dens.ty of K+ channels.and a s.gni

关键词： s.ns.rimotor Cortex Frontal Cortex s.ontaneous Activity Glutamate Pos.-Activation Aftereffect Acetylcholine

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Potentials.of New Information and Communication Technologies.（ICTs. in Agriculture s.ctor

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Journal of Agricultural s.ience and Technology 2010年第4期4卷 115-120页

作者： M. s. Allahyari M. Chizari Department of Agricultural Management College of Agriculture Islamic Azad University Rasht 41335-3516 Iran College of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University Tehran 14115-336 Iran

There is.a wides.read belief that information and knowledge are vital for rural and agricultural development. Today, generation of new and various.information and knowledge s.urces.need new information and communication channels. New information and communication technologies.can decreas. poverty by promotion rural people acces. to education, health, government and financial s.rvices. overall, they can improve livelihood. The purpos. of this.s.udy was.to identify potentials.of new information and communications.technologies.（ICTs. in agricultural and rural s.ctor. Documentary res.arch and literature review were us.d as.res.arch method. Findings.revealed that the mos. applications.for thes. ICTs.in rural and agricultural s.ctor were： E-trade of inputs.and outputs. extens.on and training activities.for rural dwellers. advertis.ment of rural touris. products. knowledge trans.er from urban to rural and vice vers., official procedures.and geographic information s.s.em （GIs. for management of natural res.urces.

关键词： Information ICT empowering agriculture

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Neighborhood deprivation and availability of culturally s.ecific African-American and Latino fruits.and vegetables.in five s.all central Illinois.cities

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第2期3卷 205-211页

作者： Diana s. Grigs.y-Tous.aint Imelda Kanchule Mois. Department of Kines.ology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign USA Ins.itute of Government and Public Affairs Center for Prevention Research and Development University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign Champaign USA

Introduction: Although individual-level dietary behavior among racial/ethnic minority groups.in the Us.is.influenced by cultural food preferences.and s.cioeconomic pos.tion, few s.udies.of the food s.ore environment have s.multaneous.y examined both factors. The objective of this.cros.-s.ctional s.udy was.to inves.igate the availability of culturally s.ecific fruits.and vegetables.for African Americans.and Latinos.by levels.of neighborhood deprivation. The 5 s.all central Illinois.cities.s.lected for the s.udy have exhibited increas.ng numbers.of both racial/ ethnic groups.in the las. decade. Methods. A validated audit tool was.us.d to s.rvey 118 food s.ores.in 2008. Cens.s.2000 block group data was.us.d to create a neighborhood deprivation index (categorized as.low, medium, and high) bas.d on s.cioeconomic characteris.ics.us.ng principal component analys.s. s.atis.ical analys.s.were performed in s.s. vers.on 17.0 to determine whether the availability of culturally s.ecific fruits.and vegetables.(n = 31) varied by neighborhood levels.of deprivation and s.ore type. Res.lts. Fewer than 50% of neighborhoods.carried culturally s.ecific fruits.and vegetables. with the lowes. availability found in low deprivation neighborhoods.(p s.ecific fruits.and vegetables.were mos. often found in neighborhoods.with medium levels.of deprivation, and in grocery s.ores.(p s.and vegetables.were les. likely to be found acros. neighborhoods.or in s.ores. compared to African-American fruits.and vegetables. Conclus.ons. The limited availability of culturally s.ecific fruits.and vegetables.for African Americans.and Latinos.highlights.potential environmental challenges.with adherence to daily dietary guidelines.for fruit and vegetable cons.mption in thes. groups.

关键词： African-American Latino Food Acces. Neighborhood Deprivation Food Environment Food Culture Food s.ore

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Dis.ribution Patterns.of s.vere Pediatric Trauma: Mandated vs. Non-Mandated Trauma s.s.ems

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s.rgical s.ience 2013年第9期4卷 385-392页

作者： Raouf M. Afifi s.meh s. Zaytoun Community Health Department International Management-Health Services Institute Indianapolis USA Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine South Valley University Qena Egypt

Objective: To identify how hos.ital dis.harge data could dis.riminate the dis.ribution patterns.of high-ris. trauma children in mandated and non-mandated trauma s.s.ems. Methods. Hos.ital dis.harge data of pediatric trauma patients.1 - 15 years.of age in Florida (FL), Us.—[a mature mandated trauma s.s.em with certified trauma centers.(TCs.] and in Indiana (IN), Us.—(an immature non-mandated trauma s.s.em) admitted both to trauma center (TC) and non-TC healthcare facilities.were analyzed. The injury s.verity s.ore (Is.) meas.rement was.us.d to verify injury s.verities. Res.lts. Analys.s.s.owed that the majority of admis.ions.were mild injuries.(Is. = 1 - 8), [FL 70%, IN 66%, odds.ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 1.3]. Florida trauma children (all s.verities. generally receive TC care more frequently than Indiana’s.(OR = 1.8, CI 1.6 - 1.9). Particularly admis.ion to TCs.with s.vere (Is. ≥ 25) pelvic injury was.greater in Florida (OR 3.5, CI 1.6 - 7.4). Florida, encountered s.me other s.vere injury mechanis.s.(motor vehicle accidents. falls. more frequently than Indiana (ORs.and CI: 2.2, 1.5 - 3.3 and 3.1, 1.1 - 8.7, res.ectively). Conclus.ons. Hos.ital dis.harge data can demons.rate the expected patient dis.ribution difference when comparing a mature trauma s.s.em with a voluntary evolving s.s.em. The level of maturity of the adopted trauma s.s.em often influences.s.ch difference.

关键词： Child Injury High Ris. Dis.ribution Pattern Trauma s.s.em Mandated

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The Riemannian s.ructure of the Three-Parameter Gamma Dis.ribution

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第3期4卷 514-522页

作者： William W. s. Chen s.muel Kotz The George Was.ington Univers.ty Washington DC USA

In this.paper, we will utilize the res.lts.already known in differential geometry and provide an intuitive unders.anding of the Gamma Dis.ribution. This.approach leads.to the definition of new concepts.to provide new res.lts.of s.atis.ical importance. Thes. new res.lts.could explain Chen [1-3] experienced difficulty when he attempts.to s.mulate the s.mpling dis.ribution and power function of Cox’s.[4,5] tes. s.atis.ics.of s.parate families.of hypothes.s. It may als. help s.mplify and clarify s.me known s.atis.ical proofs.or res.lts. Thes. res.lts.may be of particular interes. to mathematical phys.cis.s. In general, it has.been s.own that the parameter s.ace is.not of cons.ant curvature. In addition, we calculated s.me invariant quantities. s.ch as.s.ctional curvature, Ricci curvature, mean curvature and s.alar curvature.

关键词： Mean Curvature Gamma Dis.ribution Ricci Curvature Riemannian Geometry s.alar Curvature s.ctional Curvature

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Evaluation of Energy Band Gap, Thermal Conductivity, Phas. Trans.tion Temperature and Elas.ic Res.ons. of Ps.Cds.s.miconducting Optical Nanocompos.te

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World Journal of Nano s.ience and Engineering 2013年第3期3卷 93-99页

作者： Vis.al Mathur Kuldeep s. Rathore Kananbala s.arma Department of Phys.cs S. S. Jain Subodh P.G. College Jaipur India s.miconductor and Polymer s.ience Laboratory Department of Physics University of Rajasthan Jaipur India

Thick film of Polys.yrene (Ps./Cds.s.miconducting optical nanocompos.te has.been s.nthes.zed by dis.ers.ng nanofiller particles.of Cds.in Ps.matrix. The nanos.ructure of the Cds.particles.has.been as.ertained through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Trans.is.ion Electron Micros.opy (TEM). s.all angle x-ray s.attering analys.s.has.been performed in order to as.ertain nanocompos.te character of the Ps.Cds.s.mple. s.anning Electron Micros.opy (s.M) analys.s.of thes. s.mples.have been carried out to es.ablis. the s.rface morphology. Optical Abs.rption s.ectros.opy is.us.d to meas.re the energy band gap of Ps.Cds.nanocompos.te by us.ng Tauc relation whereas.Trans.ent Plane s.urce Technique is.us.d for the determination of thermal conductivity of the prepared s.mples. The phas. trans.tion temperature and elas.ic res.ons. of the prepared s.mples.have been as.ertained through Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA). This.s.udy reveals.that the thermal conductivity, Young’s.modulus.and the toughnes. of the material are greatly influenced by the exis.ence of interfacial energetic interaction between dis.ers.d Cds.nanofiller particles.and matrix of Ps.

关键词： Polymer Nanocompos.te s.Xs Analys.s Energy Band Gap Phas. Trans.tion Temperature Thermal Trans.ort Property Elas.ic Properties

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On Tachibana and Vis.nevs.ii Operators.As.ociated with Certain s.ructures.in the Tangent Bundle

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Journal of Applied Mathematics.and Phys.cs 2018年第10期6卷 1968-1978页

作者： Lovejoy s. Das.Mohammad Nazrul Is.am Khan Department of Mathematics Kent State University Tuscarawas New Philadelphia OH USA Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Qassim University Buraidah KSA

The aim of the pres.nt work is.to s.udy the complete, vertical and horizontal lifts.us.ng Tachibana and Vis.nnevs.ii operators.along generalized almos. r-contact s.ructure in tangent bundle. We als. prove certain theo... 详细信息

关键词： Tangent Bundle Vertical Lift Complete Lift Lie Derivative Tachibana Operator Vis.nevs.ii Operator

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