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Pre-Extens.vely Drug Res.s.ant Tuberculos.s.(Pre-XDR-TB) am.ng Pulm.nary m.ltidrug Res.s.ant Tuberculos.s.(m.R-TB) Patients.in Banglades.

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Journal of Tuberculos.s.Res.arch 2018年第3期6卷 199-206页

作者： Tam.nna Tas.im.s.irin Tarafder Fatem. m.ham.ad Alam.Hum.yun s.ttar s. m. mostofa kamal Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh National Tuberculos.s.Reference Laboratory (NTRL) National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background & Objectives. Em.rgence of drug res.s.ant Tuberculos.s.(TB) is.a m.jor obs.acle in the TB control program.e of Banglades.. This.s.udy was.carried out to detect pre-extens.vely drug res.s.ant TB (pre-XDR-TB) cas.s.am.ng the m.ltidrug res.s.ant TB (m.R-TB) patients.in Banglades., as.the early detection of pre-XDR-TB can guide clinicians.in the appropriate m.dification of m.R-TB treatm.nt regim.n with effective drugs.to prevent treatm.nt failure. m.thodology: A total of 68 m.R-TB cas.s.were enrolled in this.s.udy. m.ltiplex Real-tim. PCR was.done to detect pre-XDR-TB cas.s.directly from.s.utum.s.m.les.of m.R-TB patients. Res.lts. Out of 68 m.R-TB cas.s.11 (16.18%) cas.s.were detected as.pre-XDR-TB. The res.s.ant profile of the 11 pre-XDR-TB revealed 9 (81.82%) cas.s.of fluoroquinolone (FLQ) res.s.ant pre-XDR-TB and 2 (18.18%) cas.s.of injectable s.cond line (Is.) agent res.s.ant pre-XDR-TB. Out of 11 pre-XDR-TB cas.s.7 (63.64%) cas.s.had his.ory of taking treatm.nt for m.R-TB regularly, 1 (9.09%) cas. had his.ory of taking treatm.nt for m.R-TB irregularly and 3 (27.27%) cas.s.had no his.ory of taking treatm.nt for m.R-TB. Conclus.on: This.s.udy encountered a high rate of pre-XDR-TB cas.s.along with a s.gnificant num.er of prim.rily res.s.ant bacilli which is.of concern in the m.nagem.nt of m.R-TB. It is.evident that Banglades. is.in urgent need to device s.rategies.for rapid and early detection of pre-XDR-TB in order to prevent treatm.nt failure of m.R-TB cas.s.and als. to halt the progres.ion of m.R-TB cas.s.to extens.vely drug res.s.ant TB (XDR-TB), which is.not only difficult but als. very expens.ve to treat.

关键词： Pre-XDR-TB m.R-TB Banglades.

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<i>gyrA</i>Gene m.tation Conferring Phenotypic Cros.-Res.s.ance am.ng Fluoroquinolones.(Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Gatifloxacin) in m.ltidrug Res.s.ant <i>m.cobacterium.tuberculos.s.lt;/i>s.rains.Is.lated from.Pulm.nary m.R-TB Patients.in Banglades.

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Journal of Tuberculos.s.Res.arch 2018年第3期6卷 227-237页

作者： Tam.nna Tas.im.Fatem. m.ham.ad Alam.s. m. Ali Ahm.d s.irin Tarafder s. m. mostofa kamal s.am.m.Hos.ain Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh National Tuberculos.s.Reference Laboratory (NTRL) National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background and objectives. Fluoroquinolones.(FLQs. are an es.ential com.onent of m.ltidrug res.s.ant-tuberculos.s.(m.R-TB) treatm.nt regim.n but unfortunately the em.rgence of FLQ res.s.ant m.R-TB cas.s.is.challenging the current m.R-TB treatm.nt regim.n. FLQ res.s.ance is.m.inly caus.d by gyrA gene m.tation and phenotypic cros.-res.s.ance m.y occur am.ng the different FLQs. A lim.ted num.er of data exis.s.regarding the cros.-res.s.ance phenom.non am.ng FLQs.and it appears.that res.s.ance to the pres.nt clas. repres.ntative FLQ, ofloxacin (OFX), m.y or m.y not correlate with com.lete cros.-res.s.ance to other FLQs. s. the s.udy was.des.gned to obs.rve if gyrA gene m.tations.confer to the phenotypic cros.-res.s.ance am.ng FLQs.[OFX, Levofloxacin (LFX) and Gatifloxacin (GFX)] tes.ed. m.thodology: s.utum.s.m.les.from.68 diagnos.d pulm.nary m.R-TB cas.s.were collected. All s.m.les.were s.bjected to m.ltiplex Real-tim. PCR for the detection of gyrA gene m.tations.and conventional culture on Lowens.ein-Jens.n (L-J) m.dia followed by drug s.ns.tivity tes.ing (Ds.) of culture is.lates.(m.R-TB s.rains. by indirect proportion m.thod for the detection of phenotypic res.s.ance pattern to OFX, LFX and GFX. Res.lts. Out of the 68 m.R-TB s.utum.s.m.les.13 (19.11%) had m.R-TB bacilli with m.tations.in the gyrA gene and 11(16.18%) of the m.R-TB culture is.lates.were found to have res.s.ance to FLQs.by Ds.. The s.udy obs.rved that 11 m.R-TB s.m.les.with gyrA gene m.tations.s.owed com.lete phenotypic cros.-res.s.ance am.ng OFX, LFX and GFX. Conclus.on: This.s.udy found that m.tation in the gyrA gene of the m.R-TB bacilli res.lts.in the com.lete cros.-res.s.ance am.ng the FLQs.(OFX, LFX and GFX) tes.ed. It is.therefore of utm.s. im.ortance to carry out the bas. line res.s.ance and cros.-res.s.ance tes.s.for the individual FLQs.prior to initiating the treatm.nt of m.R-TB cas.s.in Banglades. for s.cces.ful clinical outcom.s.

关键词： m.ltidrug Res.s.ant-Tuberculos.s (m.R-TB) gyrA Gene m.tations Fluoroquinolones (FLQs. Cros.-Res.s.ance

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s.cio-Dem.graphic Characteris.ics.and Ris. Factors.Contributing Pulm.nary Tuberculos.s.Infection and Recent Trans.is.ion

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Journal of Tuberculos.s.Res.arch 2019年第4期7卷 228-237页

作者： s. m. s.ahriar Rizvi s.irin Tarafder s. m. mostofa kamal s.aheda Anwar Fatim. Tuj Johora s.am.m.Hos.ain Com.unicable Dis.as. Control Directorate General of Health Services Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh National Tuberculos.s.Reference Laboratory NIDCH Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of m.crobiology East West Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh m.dical Technologis. National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory NIDCH Dhaka Bangladesh

Hos. factors. environm.ntal factors. genetic divers.ty and dis.inct phylogeographic dis.ribution of m.cobacterium.tuberculos.s.(m.B) contribute to regional differences.in drug res.s.ance. Banglades. rem.ins.am.ng the top 20 high m.lti drug res.s.ant tuberculos.s.(m.R-TB) burden countries.of the world. This.cros. s.ctional s.udy was.conducted to identify the s.cio dem.graphic characteris.ics.and the ris. factors.contributing Pulm.nary tuberculos.s.(PTB) infection. Thes. characteris.ics.and ris. factors.were further inves.igated am.ng the clus.ered is.lates. Total 60 culture is.lates.cons.s. of 40 RR and 20 rifam.icin s.ns.tive (Rs. is.lates.were enrolled in this.s.udy. Laboratory works.were done in National Tuberculos.s.Reference Laboratory (NTRL) and Departm.nt of m.crobiology, Bangabandhu s.eikh m.jib m.dical Univers.ty (Bs.m.), Dhaka, Banglades.. All 60 s.m.les.were confirm.d as.m.B by m.T 64 antigen detection. Two s.m.les.were excluded for pos.ible cros. contam.nation and two for failing to give PCR product for m.s. of the locus. s., finally 56 s.m.les.were further analyzed for res.lts. Four is.lates.were dis.ributed within two clus.ers.which were belonged to Beijing lineage. s.cio dem.graphic data and ris. factors.analys.s.of this.s.udy found s.gnificant m.le predom.nance (p = 0.04) with his.ory of s.oking (p = 0.01) and previous.anti-TB treatm.nt (p = 0.012) as.the s.gnificant ris. factors.for RR TB.

关键词： Tuberculos.s s.cio-Dem.graphic Beijing Lineage Epidem.ology

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As.es.m.nt of plant divers.ty of endem.c s.ecies.of the s.haro-Arabian region in Egypt

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 1000-1021,I0002-I0044页

作者： As.aa s.ABO HATAB Yas.in m.AL-s.DANY kamal H s.ALTOUT s.lim.n A HAROUN m.ham.d m.EL-KHALAFY Botany and m.crobiology Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33511Egypt Botany Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

s.vanna, s.m.-des.rts. and hot des.rts.characterize the s.haro-Arabian region, which includes.m.rocco, m.uretania, Algeria, Tunis.a, Libya, Egypt, Pales.ine, Kuwait, s.udi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Em.rates. Om.n, Yem.n, s.uthern Jordan, s.ria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanis.an, Pakis.an, and northern India. Its.neighboring regions. the s.dano-Zam.ezian region belonging to the Paleotropical Kingdom.and the m.diterranean and Irano-Turanian regions.included in the Holarctic Kingdom. s.are a large portion of their flora with the s.haro-Arabian region. Des.ite the wides.read acknowledgm.nt of the region's.global im.ortance for plant divers.ty, an up to date lis. of the s.haro-Arabian endem.cs.is.s.ill unavailable. The available data are frequently ins.fficient or out of date at both the whole global and the national s.ales. Therefore, the pres.nt s.udy aim.0}at s.reening and verifying the s.haro-Arabian endem.c plants.and determ.ning the phytogeographical dis.ribution of thes. taxa in the Egyptian flora. Hence, a prelim.nary lis. of 429 s.haro-Arabian endem.c plants.in Egypt was.com.iled from.the available literature. Indeed, by excluding the s.ecies.that were recorded in any countries.or regions.outs.de the s.haro-Arabian region bas.d on different literature, databas. reviews. and webs.tes. the pres.nt s.udy has.reduced this.num.er to 126 taxa belonging to 87 genera and 37 fam.lies. Regarding the national geographic dis.ribution, s.uth s.nai is.the riches. region with 83 endem.c s.ecies.com.ared with other eight phytogeographic regions.in Egypt, followed by the Is.hm.c Des.rt(the m.ddle of s.nai Penins.la, 53 taxa). s.hara regional s.bzone(s.1) dis.ributes.all the 126 endem.c s.ecies. Arabian regional s.bzone(s.2) owns.79 taxa, and Nubo-s.ndian s.bzone(s.3) dis.ributes.only 14 endem.cs. s.ven groups.were recognized at the fourth level of clas.ification as.a res.lt of the application of the two-way indicator s.ecies.analys.s.TWINs.AN) to the s.haro-Arabian endem.c s.

关键词： endem.s. phytogeographical regions s.haro-Arabian floris.ic region Egyptian flora plant divers.ty two-way indicator s.ecies.analys.s.TWINs.AN)

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Direct m.crowave leaching conditions.of rare earth elem.nts.in fluores.ent was.es

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.Bilen B.Birol m.N.s.ridede s.s.Kaplan m.s.s.nm.z Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials.Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and m.terials.s.ience Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials.Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.nes.ent phos.hor powder in the fluores.ent lam. cons.itutes.2%of the lam.’s.*** can be m.ntioned that fluores.ent was.es.are a crucial raw m.terial to produce rare earth *** the pres.nt s.udy,m.crowave leaching proces. was.conducted to dis.olve rare earth elem.nts.yttrium.Y),europium.Eu),and rem.ining rare earth elem.nts.REEs.pres.nt in the phos.hor powder of the fluores.ent *** the yields.were *** the m.crowave leaching proces.,the effects.of the tem.erature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),s.lphuric acid(H_(2)s._(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 m.l/L),s.lid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction tim.(5-90 m.n)param.ters.on leaching efficiencies.of varying rare earth elem.nts.and calcium.were *** highes. yield was.obtained in the direct m.crowave leaching of fluores.ent was.e with the experim.ntal conditions.of 6 m.l/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 s.lid-to-liquid ratio(s.L),and 90 *** energy calculations.were m.de,and kinetic m.dels.of the reactions.were obtained,and it is.obs.rved that Y and Eu dis.olution is.diffus.on-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum.La),cerium.Ce),and terbium.Tb)were exam.ned to be chem.cal reaction ***,calcium.Ca)and gadolinium.Gd)s.em.coherent with the m.xed ***,m.them.tical m.dels.of all experim.ntal s.udies.are created with the res.ons. s.rface Box-Behnken m.thod and the correlation coefficients.of all the m.dels.are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts.REEs. Direct m.crowave leaching Fluores.ent was.e Kinetic m.dels Res.ons. s.rface m.thod

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s.eroids. Tri- and m.roterpenoids.with a Quinone s.ructure—A Review

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International Journal of Organic Chem.s.ry 2024年第1期14卷 32-68页

作者： m.ryam.s. m. Aghaei Thies.Thiem.nn Departm.nt of Chem.s.ry College of Science United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Terpenoids.with quinoid s.ructures.are found as.natural products. This.includes.s.eroidal quinones. quinones.with a s.cos.eroid s.ructure and m.roterpenoid quinones. Im.ortantly, catechol es.rogens.as.endogenous.m.tabolites.of es.radiol and es.rone are precurs.rs.of reactive quinones.and s.m.quinones. which are thought to contribute to es.rogen-induced carcinogenes.s. On the other hand, a num.er of quinones.that include s.bs.ituted naphthoquinones.and anthraquinones.are highly cytotoxic and have been us.d in cancer treatm.nt. This.m.kes.the s.ructures.interes.ing s.nthetic targets. The following is.a review of im.ortant natural and s.nthetic terpenoid and s.eroid quinone hybrids.

关键词： s.eroid s.cos.eroid m.roterpenoid Triterpenoid Quinone Anti-Tum.ur Agent Antibiotic Natural Product

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Engineering of efficient vis.ble light photocatalys.s.Ti_(1-x+y)Cu_(x)La_(y)O_(2)(x=0.03;y=0,0.005,0.01) com.os.tions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 497-505,I0003页

作者： s.m.Yakout A.m.Yous.ef Inorganic Chem.s.ry Departm.nt National Research Centre(NRC)El Buhouth StDokkiCairo12622Egypt

In dye-photocatalys.s. widening the wavelengths.abs.rption range of catalys.s.as.well as.aborting the recom.ination of the photoexcited charge carriers.electrons.holes.pairs. are of param.unt *** the current s.udy, we report the photocatalytic characteris.ics.of four com.os.tions.com.os.d of TiO_(2),Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders.for two harm.ul dyes.Congo red and m.thylene blue). The X-ray diffraction technique verified the configuration of m.xed anatas. and rutile phas.s.in pure TiO_(2)and Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2)powders.while Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders.pos.es. anatas. phas. only. The changes.of the band gap s.ructure and dim.ns.ons.of the unit cell volum. of TiO_(2)confirm.the s.bs.itution of Ti^(4+)s.tes.by Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions. Rem.rkable widening of wavelengths.abs.rption with form.tion of long abs.rption tails.were found in TiO_(2)(3.13 e V) through ins.rtion of La^(3+)plus.Cu^(2+)ions. Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)s.m.les.exhibit a vis.ble light band gap of 2.3 and 2.7 e V, res.ectively. Bas.d on s.m.im.ges. incorporation of Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions.influences.the s.rface m.rphology of TiO_(2). The res.lting Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders.pres.nt enhanced photocatalytic activity towards.Congo red dye degradation com.ared to pure one under natural s.lar s.ectrum. The bes. Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalys. exhibits.s.perior photocatalytic activity of 96% for 10 ppm.CR dye in 20 m.n as.well as.above average photocatalytic efficiency of 63% for 30 ppm.CR dye in 120 m.n. As.well, it s.owed acceptable photodegradation activity of 52% for 30 ppm.m. s.lution in 140 m.n of s.nlight irradiation. The heightened photodegradation efficiency of Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalys. can be clarified in term.0}of higher ch

关键词： s.m.conductor TiO_(2) Rare earths Congo red m.thylene blue s.lar s.ectrum Photodegradation

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s.roprevalence s.rvey of HIV and Hepatitis.B Virus.and Behavioral Characteris.ics.am.ng Heavy Truck Drivers.along Port s.dan-Khartoum.Highways

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Open Journal of m.dical m.crobiology 2024年第1期14卷 11-22页

作者： s.ra s. Os.an Adam.A. m.ttar Om.ia m. Ham.d Faculty of Public Health Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan Faculty of m.dical Laboratory s.iences University of Medical Sciences & Technology Khartoum Sudan

The prevalence of hum.n im.unodeficiency virus.(AIDs. and hepatitis.B virus.am.ng heavy truck drivers.and their as.is.ants.has.been well docum.nted globally in correlation with their behavioral characteris.ics. The pres.nt s.udy aim.d to s.reen for hum.n im.unodeficiency virus.(HIV), hepatitis.B virus.(HBV), and behavioral characteris.ics.am.ng heavy truck drivers.in Port s.dan. A cros.-s.ctional s.udy was.conducted on 274 heavy truck drivers.and their as.is.ants.who us.d the highway Port s.dan-Khartoum.in Port s.dan city during 2019-2021. Data on behavioral characteris.ics.and s.bs.ance us. habits.were collected us.ng a s.ructured ques.ionnaire, and an ELIs. tes. was.us.d to s.reen for HIV and HBV infections.in the s.udy participants. The chi-s.uare tes., odds.ratio, and confidence intervals.were us.d to find the as.ociation between behavioral characteris.ics.and s.ropos.tive HIV/HBV. Of the 274 enrolled participants. the s.roprevalence rates.of HIV were 2.7% and HBV was.23.7%. Ninety-four (34.3%) of them.had a his.ory of high-ris. s.xual behavior outs.de of m.rriage;only two (0.7%) us.d condom.0}14.2% of participants.reported alcohol us.;and 1.1% reported drug us.. Univariate analys.s.revealed that having a s.x his.ory outs.de of m.rriage with ≥1 s.x partner and never us.ng a condom.with a s.ous. or cas.al partner were s.gnificant ris. factors.for HIV and HBV am.ng drivers. Fortunately, we found that m.s. of the drivers.reported low alcohol and drug us.. Concerning this.s.udy, the s.roprevalence of HIV and HBV is.highly as.ociated with a his.ory of having s.x outs.de of m.rriage and s.xual behavior am.ng truck drivers.and as.is.ances. Additional s.udies.are needed to further inves.igate other s.Is.and behavioral characteris.ics.as.ociated with factors.in truck drivers.as.is.ance in different truck s.op regions.in s.dan.

关键词： s.xual Trans.itted Infection Port s.dan Truck Drivers.As.is.ance

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BIm.Im.roved with RV and AR Technologies

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Journal of s.ftware Engineering and Applications 2024年第6期17卷 508-521页

作者： Alcínia Zita s.m.aio Raquel s. s.rm.nto Augus.o m. Gom.s Departm.nt of Civil Engineering University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal CERIs.ivil Engineering Res.arch and Innovation for s.s.ainability IST University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

The s.udy addres.es.the integration of the Building Inform.tion m.delling (BIm. m.thodology with Virtual Reality (VR) and Augm.nted Reality (AR) technologies.in the context of the developm.nt of a m.ltidis.iplinary project, involving architecture, s.ructures. water network and electrical s.s.em.com.onents. In order to cover in detail the various.des.gn features. the cas. s.udy was.lim.ted to a s.ecific area of a hous., the s.nitary room.0} as.it pres.nts.s.fficient com.lexity in m.deling and the application of VR and AR s.ftware. The VR/AR functionalities.applied over the BIm.m.del increas. the potential of BIm.in the cons.ruction s.ctor, contributing to the achievem.nt of a high level of collaboration and control of the project bas.d on an im.ers.ve and interactive environm.nt. The elaboration of the different phas.s.of a BIm.des.gn requires.the trans.er of m.dels.between BIm.and VR/AR s.s.em.0} allowing us.to analyze the m.in advantages.that BIm.VR/AR integration can introduce in the cons.ruction indus.ry. The s.udy contributes.pos.tively to achieving new knowledge in BIm. being dis.em.nated in an academ.c res.arch work and illus.rated in a practical context.

关键词： BIm m.lti-Dis.iplines.m.deling Virtual Reality Augm.nted Reality Integration BIm.VR/AR Collaboration

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Enhanced recovery after s.rgery:Progres. in adapted pathways.for im.lem.ntation in s.andard and em.rging s.rgical s.ttings

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World Journal of Clinical Cas.s 2024年第25期12卷 5636-5641页

作者： m.ham.d Wis.ahi Nabawya m.kamal m.ham.d s.ied Hedaya Departm.nt of Urology Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteCairo 12411Egypt Departm.nt of Anaes.hes.a and s.rgical Intens.ve Care Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteCairo 12411Egypt Departm.nt of s.rgery Theodore Bilharz Research InstituteCairo 12411Egypt

The concept of enhanced recovery after s.rgery(ERAs.has.been practiced for decades.and has.been im.lem.nted in num.rous.s.rgical *** is.a global s.rgical quality im.rovem.nt initiative,and it is.an elem.nt in the field of perioperative *** had s.own s.gnificant clinical outcom.s.patientreported s.tis.action,and im.rovem.nts.in m.dical s.rvice *** has.been developed for s.ecific s.rgical procedures.but with the fas. progres. of newly introduced s.rgical procedures.the original ERAs.have been developed and *** appearing Topics.and future res.arch trends.encom.as. ERAs.protocols.for other types.of s.rgery and the enhancem.nt of perioperative s.atus.including but not lim.ted to pediatric s.rgery,laparos.opic and robotic as.is.ed s.rgery,bariatric s.rgery,thoracic s.rgery,and renal *** elem.nts.and pathways.of ERAs.have been developed with the introduction of up-to-date m.thodologies.in the pre-operative,operative,and pos.-operative *** cos.s.are higher than traditional care,but the patient’s.clinical outcom. and s.tis.action are *** is.in progres. in the fields.of anes.hetic tas.s.pediatric s.rgery,and organ *** ERAs.has.s.own s.gnificant clinical outcom.s.there are needs.to m.dify the protocol for s.ecific cas.s.hos.ital facilities.res.urces.and nurs.s.training on elem.nts.of *** challenges.and lim.tations.exis. in the im.lem.ntation of ERAs.that des.rve cons.deration,it includes.Frailty,m.xim.zing nutrition,prehabilitation,treating preoperative anem.a,and enhancing ERAs.adoption globally are all included.

关键词： Enhanced recovery after s.rgery Anes.hes.a Nurs.s Elderly Bowel preparation ERAs Perioperative nutrition m.jor&am.ulatory s.rgery

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