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Frontiers of Agricultural science and Engineering 2023年第1期10卷 95-108页

作者： Yingchen XU Patrick s.ward Food and Resource Economics Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Duke Kunshan University Kunshan 215316China

This study examined whether urban Chinese consumers with stronger environmental values have higher valuations for plastic beverage bottles that are made of post-consumer recycled material(rPET)or that come in large sizes that use plastic more *** also assesses the effectiveness of environmental information provision and green identity labeling in increasing consumer willingness to pay for environmentally-friendly *** results suggest that urban Chinese consumers are willing to pay a premium for rPET bottles,indicating that there is a potential market for rPET food and beverage packaging in China that calls for manufacturing guidelines,safety standards,or *** environmental information and attaching green identity labels increases consumer valuations of rPET bottles,with their joint use exerting the largest ***-environmental consumers are more responsive to environmental information and green identity labeling and thus are willing to pay a higher premium for rPET ***,in terms of choosing large bottles as a means to reduce plastic use in product packaging,consumers were found to be indifferent about plastic bottle sizes even after receiving environmental *** is suggested that the inconvenience of carrying or storing large bottles might have offset their perceived environmental benefits.

关键词： China consumer preference food and beverage packaging green identity label information treatment plastics

Reactions of Podophyllotoxin with DDQ

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第12期12卷 1057-1060页

作者： Qian Rong LI Ting Hu ZHANG Robert s.ward structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Chemistry Department University of Wales SwanseaSingleton ParkSwansea SA2 8PP UK

Podophyllotoxin I reacts with DDQ in acetic acid to give podophyllotoxone 2 at 75 degreesC and the naphthol 3 at 90 degreesC, and in TFA to give the naphthalene 4. 4'-O-Benzyl-epipodophyllotoxin 5 reacts with DDQ in a... 详细信息

关键词： podophyllotoxin oxidation DDQ

Magnetic field induction and magnetic force distribution profiles in plasma focus discharge device

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Plasma science and Technology 2021年第7期23卷 110-120页

作者： A A LAsHIN T M ALLAM H A EL-sAYED Kamal M AHMED s a ward H M sOLIMANand M A ABOUELATTA Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Department Nuclear Research CentreEgyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityInshas 13759Egypt Faculty of Engineering Delta University for Science and TechnologyGamasa 11152Egypt Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo 11629Egypt

We report a simple-to-perform technique to investigate the distribution of the azimuthal magnetic field induction,Bθ,and the induced magnetic force acting on the plasma current sheath(PCs)in a plasma focus(PF)*** in situ measurement technique can undoubtedly be beneficial when other fast-imaging techniques are not *** are not *** work was conducted in the low-energy Mather-type EAEA-PF1 device operated in *** axial distribution(Bθ)z along the coaxial electrodes system was measured with a four magnetic-probe set technique at different radial distances(r=2.625×10^(−2) to 4.125×10^(−2) m)within the annular space between the coaxial electrodes during the 1st and 2nd half cycles of the discharge current waveform,where inner electrode of coaxial electrode system has a+ve polarity and−ve polarity,***,radial and total magnetic force distribution profiles were estimated from Bθ*** of PCs shape in terms of its inclination(curvature)angle,θ,along the axial rundown phase and the correlation between the magnetic forces per unit volume acting on the PCs,the inclination angleθof the PCs,and the formation of a powerful PF action during the 1st and 2nd half cycles is carried *** of inclination angle,θ,on total magnetic force per unit volume acting on PCs axial motion was studied,separately,during the 1st and 2nd half cycles.

关键词： plasma focus azimuthal magnetic field magnetic force inclination angle plasma current sheath

A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim Peter A.Zoss Terry L.Powley Hyowon Lee Matthew P.ward Weldon school of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Psychological sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University school of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENs).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAP)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： saikat Dutta Tim Harrison Christopher ward Roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson school of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

Galloyl cyclic-imide derivative CH1104I inhibits tumor invasion via suppressing matrix metalloproteinase activity

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Galloyl cyclic-imide derivative CH1104I inhibits tumor invas...

Wind Turbine Noise Reduction through Blade Retrofitting

全国生化与分子药理学药物靶点研讨会

作者： s.G ward Dept.Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of BathClaverton DownBathEngland

Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and MMP-9 have been associated with the ability of tumor cells to metastasize due to their capacity to degrade typeⅣcollagen,the main component of basement membrane,and to their elevated expression in malignant tumors.(s)-methyl 6- (benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(2-(s)-2,6-dioxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamido)piperidin-1-yl)

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Open Journal of Modelling and simulation 2024年第3期12卷 75-88页

作者： sarah seevers Robin ward scotty Hutto Darryl House Nick Zelenka Manuel Perea Daniel Fonseca Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA

This paper outlines a plan for the effective reduction of the audible sound level produced by aerodynamic noise from the power-generating turbine blades. The contribution of aerodynamic noise can be divided into two categories: inflow turbulence and airfoil self-noise. The base model and retrofit blade designs were modeled in solidWorks. subsequently, noise prediction simulations were conducted and compared to the base blade model to determine which modification provided the greatest benefit using solidWorks Flow simulation. The result of this project is a series of blade retrofit recommendations that produce a more acoustically efficient design and reduce noise complaints while enabling turbines to be placed in locations that require quieter operations.

关键词： Wind Turbine Noise Blade Retrofitting Aerodynamic Noise Electricity Generation

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南加州地震灾害的多学科综合研究

世界地震译丛 1998年第2期29卷 1-17页

作者： s.N.ward 王梅山东省地震局

在南加州,地震灾害评价所面临的严重障碍是:如何描述远离已知主断层且历史地震活动性和古地震数据不足的地区地震的可能性。本文试图通过产生融合了地质学、古地震学、空间测量学、观测地震学及合成地震活动性等学科信息的地震灾害的“... 详细信息

在南加州,地震灾害评价所面临的严重障碍是:如何描述远离已知主断层且历史地震活动性和古地震数据不足的地区地震的可能性。本文试图通过产生融合了地质学、古地震学、空间测量学、观测地震学及合成地震活动性等学科信息的地震灾害的“主控模型”(master model)图,以填补地震统计学的空白。目前的模型认为,在南加州大约地震矩释放的40％会发生在远离主断层的广阔分散地区,其结果是:在一个30a的时间内,几乎在从太平洋到圣安德烈斯断层东侧50km的所有地区,有一半对一半的可能经受0.1g或更大强度的震动,经受超过0.3g水平震动的概率为1/20。对于南加州的大部分居民,在30a间由中等强度震动造成的灾害大部分源于较小、较近且频繁发生的震级在5≤M≤7的地震,而不是源于大的圣安德烈斯断层地震(无论大地震的可能性如何)。

关键词：地震灾害地震统计多学科综合研究南加州

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频率记数法在蚜虫种群密度估计中的应用

植物医学 1986年第4期 26-31页

作者： s.A.ward 冯明光

当前,作物保护愈来愈依赖于灵活有效的虫情监测。用药与否先要进行效益分析,只有在害虫超过危害阈值时才施用化学药剂。显然,要做到这一点,就要求能够准确地监测当地害虫的种群变化,以便预报种群未来的发展动向及为害水平。害虫种群调... 详细信息

当前,作物保护愈来愈依赖于灵活有效的虫情监测。用药与否先要进行效益分析,只有在害虫超过危害阈值时才施用化学药剂。显然,要做到这一点,就要求能够准确地监测当地害虫的种群变化,以便预报种群未来的发展动向及为害水平。害虫种群调查中通常采用的直接计数法既费时又费力,尤其是在害虫呈聚块性分布或密度很高的时候。因此,有人提出采用另一种方法,即有——无虫抽样法。这是一种以害虫在样本中出现的频率或有虫株率为依据来估计害虫密度的方法。此法很实用,但必须准确,至

关键词：小麦蚜虫频率记数法抽样技术

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滑坡的夏威夷海底火山

世界地震译丛 2002年第5期33卷 84-85页

作者： s.N.ward 李娟不详中国地震局分析预报中心

夏威夷群岛之一的一座海底火山的一侧已发现向海洋发生了滑坡。尽管只监测到几厘米的位移,但可能预示着一次巨型滑坡即将来临。眼见为实。尤其对于地球科学家们,这句话的分量更非同一般,因为能“看见”的事件实在太少。地质记录表明山... 详细信息

夏威夷群岛之一的一座海底火山的一侧已发现向海洋发生了滑坡。尽管只监测到几厘米的位移,但可能预示着一次巨型滑坡即将来临。眼见为实。尤其对于地球科学家们,这句话的分量更非同一般,因为能“看见”的事件实在太少。地质记录表明山脉不断被建造,又不断被冲刷进海洋;整个大洋盆地像一扇门一样开开闭闭;

关键词：滑坡夏威夷海底火山 GPs 全球定位系统地质构造