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Mass screening Using Antigenic and Molecular Diagnostic Tests of COVID-19 in Bangui at the Beginning of the second Wave in July 2021

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journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Clotaire Donatien Rafaï Marie-Roseline Darnycka Belizaire Pierre somse Wilfrid sylvain Nambei Ernest Lango-Yaya oscar senzongo Luc salva Hereidebona Ulrich Jeffrey Kotemossoua Rabbi Mermoz senekian simon Pounguinza Christian-Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde Alain Le Faou Jean de Dieu Longo François-Xavier Mbopi-Keou Gérard Grésenguet Boniface Koffi National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic World Health Organization Bangui Central African Republic Ministry of Health and Population Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Medicine Maieutic and Health Sciences University of Lorraine Pole Brabois Santé Nancy France Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroun

Objective: COVID-19 surveillance was established as early as March 2020 in the Central African Republic (CAR), after the WHO statement relating to the identification of several cases outside China. However, given the non-performing molecular biology technical platform in many developing countries in sub-saharan Africa, the second wave promised to be surprising and formidable. In this context, a mass survey was launched in Bangui to determine the prevalence of COVID-19. Patients and Methods: From March 18 to April 2, 2021, a mass screening campaign took place in tourist places, companies and the main hospital infrastructures. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from participants with and without symptoms of Influenza-like illness (ILI) and stored in VTM tubes. The Ag (COVID-19) and RT-PCR tests were carried out in Bangui at the LNBCsP. The sequencing of RT-PCR sARs-CoV-2 positives was carried out at the INRB. Results: We included 1480 participants of whom 33 (2.23%) were sARs-COV-2 positive, of whom 24 were male and 9 female. This sex difference was statistically significant (p = 0.012) as the sex ratio M/F was 1.09. sampling sites located in the 1st arrondissement were the most prolific (p = 0.006) and were sequenced. In addition to the analysis of the 33 samples from the predefined sites under study, 17 control sequences from the provinces generated during the same period are added. We detected 2 Variants Of Concern (VOC) including the predominant B.1.620 (43.86%) followed by B.1.1.7 or Alpha (5.10%). Conclusion: The study showed the importance of surveillance and the availability of means of diagnosis of COVID-19. The identified risk factors were sex and sampling site. This study has shown the importance of setting up sentinel sites for COVID-19 surveillance in all regions of the country and the appropriate use of the anti-COVID-19 vaccine.

关键词： COVID-19 Variants Central African Republic

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study of Factors That Influence the sustainability of Agricultural development in the Bobonaro Municipality, Timor-Leste

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Agricultural sciences 2022年第2期13卷 105-116页

作者： Graciano soares Gomes Carlito de araújo Mali Code Vicente de Paulo Correia oscar Da silva Agostinho Da Cunha Moniz josé Adriano Marçal Claudino Ninas Nabais department of Animal science National University of East Timor—UNTL Díli Timor-Leste department of Agro Economic National University of East Timor—UNTL Díli Timor-Leste department of Agronomy National University of East Timor—UNTL Díli Timor-Leste East Timor National Institute of science and Technology—INCT-TL Díli Timor-Leste

The aim of the study is to assess the factors that influence the sustainability of agricultural development. The study was carried out in the municipality of Bobonaro for about four months, from July to October 2021. slovin’s method was used to determine the sample size, with a desired percentage of 10% of the total population. Thus, 154 producers were interviewed as respondents and key persons in the area of agriculture. The variables interviewed are the main factors of agricultural productivity and the factors that affect sustainable agricultural development. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the data showed that about 94.87% of the respondents’ productive area is in operation, with an average of 1.84 ha per respondent and the abandoned area around 0.11 ha per respondent. The average value of rice production is 2.38 ton per ha and corn 1.07 ton per ha. About 87% of producers raised the main types of animals such as cattle, pigs, goats with an average density of 2 to 5 animals per establishment. About 61% of producers have access to the market at a normal price for agricultural products. The factors that hinder less successful agricultural development, such as: those of nature with the greatest impact are climate changes, which influence changes in cultivation sessions and in the characteristics of productive soils, availability of water for irrigation and animal feed. On the socioeconomic side, it includes the willingness or interest of young people who want to work as farmers, less investment and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is concluded that natural and socioeconomic impacts can reduce agricultural productivity, so that this will be a major challenge for the development of the agricultural sector in the future.

关键词： Land Productivity sustentability Agricultural Production Factors

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Predictive Factors of Renal Failure in COVID-19 Patients at the Anti-COVID Center in Lome, Togo

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Open journal of Nephrology 2024年第2期14卷 125-135页

作者： Kossi Akomola sabi Yoan Makafui Amekoudi Awéréou Kotosso Laune Odilon Blatome Badomta Dolaama Ayodélé jonathan sabi oscar Gnirimi Gbahbang Loutou Ahoub-Laye Affo Béfa Noto-Kadou-Kaza Nephrology-Hemodialysis department of CHU sylvanus olympio University of Lom Lom Togo Faculty of Health sciences University of Lom Lom Togo Nephrology department of the CHU Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pointe--Pitre Pointe--Pitre Guadeloup

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has been identified as the receptor that allows the entry of sarsCov2 into the human cell. Its expression in the kidney is 100 times higher than in the lung;thus, making the kidney an excellent target for sarsCov2 infection manifesting as renal failure (RF). The objective of this study was to determine the predictive factors of RF during COVID-19 in the Togolese context. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted at the Lomé Anti-COVID Center including the records of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, of age ≥ 18 years and having performed a creatinemia. RF was defined by a GFR 2 calculated according to the MDRD formula. Patients were randomized into 2 groups according to GFRResults: 482 patients were selected for this study with a mean age of 58.02 years. sixty-five percent of the patients were men, i.e., a sex ratio of 1.88. Fifty-two patients had RF, i.e., a frequency of 10.8%.There were 65% men (315 cases), for a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.88. Risk factors for renal failure in COVID-19 were age ≥ 65 years (ORa 2.42;CIa95% [1.17 - 4.95];p = 0.016), anemia (ORa 2.49;CIa95% [1.21 - 5.26];p = 0.015), moderate (ORa 13;CIa95% [2.30 - 2.44];p = 0.017), severe (ORa 26.2;CIa95% [4.85 - 4.93];p = 0.002) and critical (ORa 108;CIa95% [16.5 - 21.76];p Conclusion: Renal failure would therefore be related to the severity of COVID-19 and is the most formidable factor, conditioning the course of the disease and the patient’s vital prognosis.

关键词： COVID-19 Renal Failure Risk Factors Togo

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Bile-acid-induced cell injury and protection

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1677-1689页

作者： maria J Perez oscar Briz Research Unit University Hospital of Salamanca Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting CIBERehd University of Salamanca E.D. 129 37007 Salamanca Spain

several studies have characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte injury caused by the retention of hydrophobic bile acids (BAs) in cholestatic diseases. BAs may disrupt cell membranes through their detergent action on lipid components and can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species that, in turn, oxidatively modify lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and eventually cause hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. several pathways are involved in triggering hepatocyte apoptosis. Toxic BAs can activate hepatocyte death receptors directly and induce oxidative damage, thereby causing mitochondrial dysfunction, and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. When these compounds are taken up and accumulate inside biliary cells, they can also cause apoptosis. Regarding extrahepatic tissues, the accumulation of BAs in the systemic circulation may contribute to endothelial injury in the kidney and lungs. In gastrointestinal cells, BAs may behave as cancer promoters through an indirect mechanism involvingoxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as acting as selection agents for apoptosis-resistant cells. The accumulation of BAs may have also deleterious effects on placental and fetal cells. However, other BAs, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, have been shown to modulate BA-induced injury in hepatocytes. The major beneficial effects of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid are protection against cytotoxicity due to more toxic BAs; the stimulation of hepatobiliary secretion; antioxidant activity, due in part to an enhancement in glutathione levels; and the inhibition of liver cell apoptosis. Other natural BAs or their derivatives, such as cholyl-N- methylglycine or cholylsarcosine, have also aroused pharmacological interest owing to their protective properties.

关键词：肝细胞损伤胆汁酸保护肝细胞凋亡线粒体功能障碍熊去氧胆酸氧化损伤细胞毒性

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stroke care during the COVID-19 outbreak in spain: the experience of spanish stroke units

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 267-273页

作者： maria Alonso de Lecinana Mar Castellanos oscar Ayo-Martin Ana Morales the stroke Group-spanish society of Neurology department of Neurology and stroke Center Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ.La Paz University Hospital.Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain department of Neurology Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruna.Biomedical Research Institute of A CorunaA CorunaSpain department of Neurology Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de AlbaceteAlbaceteSpain department of Neurology University Clinic Hospital Virgen de la ArrixacaMurciaSpain 不详

Background and purpose spain has been heavily affected by *** of resources for managing the outbreak might have caused a disruption in stroke *** study analyses the impact on stroke care of reorganising the healthcare system in response to the first COVID-19 outbreak peak in spain and the strategies adopted by spanish stroke units to deal with this *** and methods We obtained data from a structured survey sent to the responsible of stroke units across the *** recorded the number of strokes,stroke code activations,intravenous thrombolysis treatments and mechanical thrombectomies during February and March 2019 and *** also collected information on the impact on workflow metrics and on the availability of specialised neurological care and rehabilitation treatments,the characteristics of stroke care for patients with sARs-CoV-2 infection and the impact on human *** compared the activity data between 2019 and 2020 and the information on activity and impact on stroke care between regions classified according to the disease incidence *** Fifty-seven(75%)of all stroke units in spain responded to the *** was an overall reduction in admissions for all stroke types during the outbreak’s peak and in the number of stroke code activations and intravenous thrombolysis treatments,results that were independent of the COVID-19 incidence *** reported a delay in workflow metrics and a reduction of admissions to stroke units,outpatient clinics and rehabilitation *** pathways and protocols for managing stroke patients with sARs-CoV-2 infection have been *** The COVID-19 outbreak has jeopardised all phases of stroke *** a consequence,some patients with stroke did not receive adequate treatment.

关键词： spanish consequence outbreak

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Autoimmune Hepatitis as a Hepatic Manifestation of Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Case Report

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Open journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第8期12卷 186-191页

作者： oscar Leonel García Rodas Francisco sánchez salinas scherezada maria Isabel Mejia Loza department of Gastroenterology Hospital Juárez of México México City México

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most prevalent primary immunodeficiency disorders, characterized by an alteration in the maturation of B lymphocytes. Patients with this condition are redisposed to a higher risk of infections. despite being an immune deficiency disorder, the prevalence of autoimmune disorders is reported in more than 20% of patients. The likelihood of patients’ gastrointestinal tract being affected is relatively low, close to 6%. We present the case of a 22-year-old man with a history of CVID without medical treatment, who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to esophageal varices due to cirrhotic portal hypertension. Infectious and toxic causes of cirrhosis were ruled out. Histological changes compatible with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were documented by liver biopsy. The diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is a challenge in the presence of IDCV, we highlight the importance of establishing a timely diagnosis and an intentional search for these conditions to offer timely treatment and avoid late complications.

关键词： Immunodeficiency Hepatitis Liver Autoimmune

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Oral disease is linked to low nestling condition and brood size in a raptor species living in a highly modified environment

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 109-120页

作者： Guillermo Blanco oscar Frias Aida Pitarch Martina Carrete department of Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSiC.Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2Madrid 28006Spain department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla 41013Spain department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of PharmacyComplutense University of Madrid(UCM)and Ramon y Cajal Institute of Health Research(IRYCIS)Madrid 28040Spain Teaching Unit of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Optics and OptometryComplutense University of Madrid(UCM)Madrid 28037Spain

Anthropogenic stressors can favor the occurrence of noninfectious disease that can be worsened by the impact of opportunistic pathogens,making the epizootiology of environmental diseases difficult to *** incidence and impact of oral lesions in nestlings of a facultative scavenger species,the black kite Milvus migrans,were examined over seven breeding seasons in the highly degraded environment close to Madrid,*** found an overall prevalence of 31%of nestlings with oral lesions,with no clear spatial pattern in nests with affected and unaffected *** occurrence and number of oral lesions were negatively associated with nestling body condition and brood ***,where all siblings had oral lesions,were smaller than those where some or all siblings were apparently healthy,suggesting that oral disease could be causing nestling mortality and,consequently,brood size *** turn,nestling body condition was negatively affected by lesion occurrence,brood size,and laying *** these relationships were bidirectional,piecewise structural equation modeling analyses showed a greater negative effect of body condition on lesion occurrence than vice versa,indicating that nestlings in poorer body condition were more likely to develop oral lesions(which could contribute to aggravate their state of deterioration)than those in better *** from small broods were also more likely to have oral disease(directly or indirectly through their lower body condition)than nestlings from large *** that hatched last in the broods showed greater development stress than those that hatched *** stressors could trigger poor body condition,and contribute to microbiota dysbiosis-related *** further research is needed to determine the consequences for the long-term fitness of individuals,actions should be taken to mitigate adverse conditions that may favor the appearance of environmental diseases associatedwithpe

关键词： breeding success body condition developmental stress environmental disease habitat degradation opportunistic pathogens pollution raptor

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subacute osteomyelitis due to staphylococcus caprae in a teenager:A case report and review of the literature

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第20期11卷 4897-4902页

作者： oscar Vazquez Giacomo de Marco Nathaly Gavira Celine Habre Marcia Bartucz Christina N steiger Romain Dayer Dimitri Ceroni Paediatric Orthopaedics Unit Geneva Children’s HospitalGeneva University HospitalsGeneva 1211Switzerland Paediatric Radiology Unit Geneva Children’s HospitalGeneva University HospitalsGeneva 1211Switzerland

BACKGROUND staphylococcus caprae(***)is a human commensal bacterium which can be detected in the nose,nails,and *** can be responsible for heterogeneous infections such as bacteremia,endocarditis,pneumonia,acute otitis externa,peritonitis,and urinary tract *** and joint infections due to *** have also been reported,but most of them resulted from the infection of orthopedic devices,especially joint prostheses and internal osteosynthesis *** cases of primary osteoarticular infections caused by *** have been described,including osteitis,arthritis,or *** sUMMARY We report an unusual case of subacute osteomyelitis in a toe phalanx caused by *** in a 14.5-year-old *** subacute *** osteomyelitis is a little-known and probably underestimated community-acquired infectious *** microorganism’s pathogenicity should be seen as more than a classic nosocomial orthopedic device infection.

关键词： subacute Osteomyelitis staphylococcus caprae Teenagers Case report

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Tidal drag and westward drift of the lithosphere

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 102-116页

作者： Vincenzo Nesi oscar Bruno Davide Zaccagnino Corrado Mascia Carlo Doglioni Dipartimento di Matematica Guido Castelnuovo Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy Computing and Mathematical sciences department Caltech1200 E.California Blvd.MC 305-16Pasadena 91125CAUSA Dipartimento di scienze della Terra Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy

Tidal forces are generally neglected in the discussion about the mechanisms driving plate tectonics despite a worldwide geodynamic asymmetry also observed at subduction and rift *** tidal drag could theoretically explain the westerly shift of the lithosphere relative to the underlying ***,viscosity in the asthenosphere is apparently too high to allow mechanical decoupling produced by tidal ***,we propose a model for global scale geodynamics accompanied by numerical simulations of the tidal interaction of the Earth with the Moon and the *** provide for the first time a theoretical proof that the tidal drag can produce a westerly motion of the lithosphere,also compatible with the slowing of the Earth’s rotational *** results suggest a westerly rotation of the lithosphere with a lower bound ofω≈(0.1-0.2)°/Myr in the presence of a basal effective shear viscosityη≈10^(16)Pa-s,but it may rise toω>1°/Myr with a viscosity ofη≈≤3×10^(14)Pa-s within the Low-Velocity Zone(LVZ)atop the *** faster velocity would be more compatible with the mainstream of plate motion and the global asymmetry at plate *** on these computations,we suggest that the super-adiabatic asthenosphere,being vigorously convecting,may further reduce the viscous coupling within the LVZ Therefore,the combination of solid Earth tides,ultra-low viscosity LVZ and asthenospheric polarized small-scale convection may mechanically satisfy the large-scale decoupling of the lithosphere relative to the underlying *** plate motions are explained because of lateral viscosity heterogeneities at the base of the lithosphere,which determine variable lithosphere-asthenosphere decoupling and plate interactions,hence plate tectonics.

关键词： Tidal drag Plate motions Polarized plate tectonics Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction

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superplasticity of a friction stir processed overaged WE54 magnesium alloy

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3156-3166页

作者： oscar A.Ruano Marta Alvarez-Leal Alberto Orozco-Caballero Fernando Carreño Physical Metallurgy department CENIM-CSICAv.Gregorio del Amo 828040 MadridSpain department of R&D and programmes Technology Centre of Metal-Mechanical and Transport(CETEMET).Avda.1°de Mayos/n.LinaresJaén2370Spain department of Mechanical Engineering Chemistry and Industrial DesignPolytechnic University of MadridRonda de Valencia 328012MadridSpain

The coarse-grained WE54 magnesium alloy was heat treated in order to have minimum hardness minimizing the effects of precipitates and solid solution. Friction stir processing(FsP) was applied in severe conditions to obtain fine, equiaxed and highly misoriented grains, with grain sizes even less than 1 μm. The high severity of processing demonstrated to have a strong impact in the microstructure. Consequently,the processed materials exhibited excellent superplasticity at the high strain rate 10^(-2)s^(-1), and temperatures between 300 and 400 ℃. The maximum tensile superplastic elongation of 756% was achieved at 400 ℃ thanks to the operation of grain boundary sliding mechanism(GBs). Besides the new data obtained through tensile testing, the paper deals with a transcendental question regarding the large differences in strain rate values at a given stress in the superplastic regime at maximum elongation compared to other magnesium-based alloys. With this is mind, 19 magnesium alloys from 22 different investigations were analyzed to give some light to this behavior that never was treated before. It is proposed that this behavior has to be attributed to the accommodation process, necessary for GBs to occur, which is hindered by reinforcing solutes.

关键词： WE54 magnesium alloy Friction stir processing Processing severity superplasticity Grain boundary sliding solutes

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