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Axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors in spinal cord injury:from biology to clinical translation

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2573-2581页

作者： sílvia sousa chambel Célia Duarte Cruz Experimental Biology Unit Department of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine of PortoUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Translational NeuroUrology Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMCUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal

Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelinassociated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19(that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory prot

关键词： chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans collapsin response mediator protein 2 inhibitory molecules leucine-rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 leucocyte common antigen related myelin-associated glycoprotein neurite outgrowth inhibitor A Nogo receptor 1 Nogo receptor 3 oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein p75 neurotrophin receptor Plexin A2 Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated protein kinase receptor protein tyrosine phosphataseσ repulsive guidance molecule A spinal cord injury tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19

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Estimation of Pollutant Loads in Ardila Watershed Using the sWAT Model

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Journal of Environmental science and Engineering(B) 2012年第10期1卷 1179-1191页

作者： Anabela Durāoo Maria Manuela Morais David Brito Pedro chambel Leitā RM Fernandes Ramiro Neves Engineering Department Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPB) Beja 7800-295 Portugal Laboratory of Water Evora University Evora 7005-345 Portugal section of Environment and Energy Technical High Institute (Instituto Superior T~cnico) Lisbon 1049-001 Portugal

Abstract： Excess of organic matter and nutrients in water promotes eutrophication process observed in the Ardila River. It was classified as much polluted being critical for Alqueva-Pedrogāo system. The aim of this study was to estimate the transported nutrients loads in a transboundary watershed using the sWAT （soil and water assessment tool） model and to determine the contribution of nutrients load in the entire watershed. Ardila watershed is about 3,711 km^2 extended from spain （78%） to the eastern part of Portugal （22%）. It was discretized into 32 sub-basins using automated delineation routine, and 174 hydrologic response units. Monthly average meteorological data （from 1947 to 1998） were used to generate daily values through the weather generator Model incorporated in sWAT. Real daily precipitation （from 1931 to 2003） was introduced. The model was calibrated and verified for flow （from 1950 to 2000） and nutrients （from 1981 to 1999）. Model performance was evaluated using statistical parameters, such as NsE （Nash-sutcliffe efficiency） and root mean square error （R2）. Calibration and verification flow results showed a satisfactory agreement between simulated and measured monthly date from 1962 to 1972 （NsE = 0.8; R^2 = 0.9）. The results showed that the most important diffuse pollution comes from the two the main tributary （spain）. The estimated nitrogen and phosphorous loads contribution per year was respectively 72% and 59% in spain and 28% and 41% in Portugal. The sWAT model was revealed to be a useful tool for an integrated water management approach that might be improved taking into count the WFD （water framework directive）.

关键词： Diffuse pollution sWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model nutrient integrated water management Ardilawatershed.

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国际水文科学协会的23个未解决问题

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水利信息化 2022年第6期 I0001-I0002页

作者： Günter Bloschl Marc F.P.Bierkens Antonio chambel 不详

国际水文科学协会(IAHs)根据水文工作群体对未来协同努力的需求于2017年发起一项倡议——确定水文领域的未解决主要问题。IAHs通过网上征集和先后2次研讨会,对收集到的大量潜在的科学问题进行了排序和整合,并仿照德国数学家大卫·希尔... 详细信息

国际水文科学协会(IAHs)根据水文工作群体对未来协同努力的需求于2017年发起一项倡议——确定水文领域的未解决主要问题。IAHs通过网上征集和先后2次研讨会,对收集到的大量潜在的科学问题进行了排序和整合,并仿照德国数学家大卫·希尔伯特于1900年在巴黎举行的第二届国际数学家大会上提出的23道20世纪最重要数学问题的形式,公布了未来水文领域的23个未解决问题。

关键词：水文科学水文工作国际数学家大会水文领域希尔伯特协同努力解决问题协会

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国际水文科学协会的23个未解决问题

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水利信息化 2022年第6期 95-96页

作者： Günter Bl?schl Marc F.P.Bierkens Antonio chambel

国际水文科学协会（IAHs）根据水文工作群体对未来协同努力的需求于2017年发起一项倡议——确定水文领域的未解决主要问题。IAHs通过网上征集和先后2次研讨会，对收集到的大量潜在的科学问题进行了排序和整合，并仿照德国数学家大卫·...

国际水文科学协会（IAHs）根据水文工作群体对未来协同努力的需求于2017年发起一项倡议——确定水文领域的未解决主要问题。IAHs通过网上征集和先后2次研讨会，对收集到的大量潜在的科学问题进行了排序和整合，并仿照德国数学家大卫·希尔伯特于1900年在巴黎举行的第二届国际数学家大会上提出的23道20世纪最重要数学问题的形式，公布了未来水文领域的23个未解决问题。

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