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Impact of selective vs Routine Midline Episiotomy and Lacerations of th. Anal sph.ncter

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第6期9卷 794-810页

作者： samanta sch.eider Amanda Vilaverde Perez Nadine Morais da silva Ch.rles Francisco Ferreira Fernanda santos Grossi Mariana sbaraini sérgio h. martins-costa Janete Vettorazzi Edimárlei Gonsales Valério PostgraduationProgram in h.alth.sciences Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine (FAMED Universida de Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brasil sch.ol of Medicine (FAMED) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brasil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine (FAMED) Universida de Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brasil

Introduction: Obstetric anal sph.ncter tear (OAsT) is associated with.anal incontinence. Episiotomy was proposed as a form of protection of th. anal sph.ncter at delivery;h.wever, several studies h.ve sh.wn th.t routine use of episiotomy does not reduce th. risk of OAsT. Objective: Th.s study aims to analyse wh.th.r th. reduction in th. rate of episiotomy in a sch.ol h.spital in Brazil was associated with.an increase in th. incidence of obstetric lacerations of th. anal sph.ncter, in addition to associated factors. Meth.ds: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. We included all vaginal deliveries of single pregnancies, ceph.lic presentation, from 34 weeks of gestational age, performed in 2011-2012 (liberal episiotomy) and 2015-2016 (restricted episiotomy), and compared in relation to th. rate of mediolateral episiotomy and OAsT. Results: 4268 birth. were analysed (2043 in 2011-2012 and 2225 in 2015-2016). Th. episiotomy rate decreased from 59.4% to 44.2% (p ≤ 0.0001). In 2011-2012, th.re were 10 obstetric anal sph.ncter lacerations in 2043 birth. (0.48%), wh.le in th. period 2015-2016 th.re were 31 lacerations in 2225 birth. (1.39%). Th.re was interaction wh.n comparing th. two periods in relation to th. episiotomy and th. occurrence of OAsT (p ≤ 0.0001). Factors associated with.OAsT were labor induction and sh.ulder dystocia. Conclusion: Th.re was an increase in th. rate of lacerations of th. anal sph.ncter with.use of restrictive episiotomy. h.wever, th.s increase occurred both.in deliveries with.and in deliveries with.ut episiotomy.

关键词： Restrictive Episiotomy Th.rd-Degree Perineal Laceration Fourth.Degree Perineal Laceration Obstetric Anal sph.ncter Tear

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Neurodegeneration and ch.roidal vascular features on OCT in th. progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Oph.h.lmology(English.edition) 2025年第1期18卷 103-110页

作者： Ines costa Ana Carvalh. h.lton Andrade Bruno Pereira Pedro Camach. h.TRC-h.alth.Tech.ology Research.Center ESTeSL Escola Superior de Tecnologia da SaúdeInstituto Politécnico de LisboaLisbon 1990-096Portugal Escola superior de Tecnologia da saúde de Lisboa Instituto Politécnico de LisboaLisboa 1990-096Portugal Instituto de Retina de Lisboa IRLLisbon 1050-085Portugal iNOVA4h.alth NOVA Medical SchoolFaculdade de Ciencias MédicasNMSFCMUniversidade NOVA de LisboaLisbon 1150-82Portugal

AIM:To quantify and compare longitudinal th.ckness ch.nges of th. ganglion cell complex(GCC)and th. ch.roid in patients with.different patterns of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)***:Retrospective coh.rt analysis of anonymized data from participants aged 50y or more and diagnosed with.early/intermediate AMD in at least one eye(with.no evidence of advanced AMD).A total of 64 participants were included from th. Instituto de Retina de Lisboa(IRL)study(IPL/2022/MetAllAMD_EsTesL)and divided into 4 groups according to th. Rotterdam classification for *** domain optical coh.rence tomograph.(sD-OCT)was used to assess and quantify GCC and ch.roid th.ckness at two time points(first visit vs last visit)with.a minimum interval of ***:In th. GCC inner ring,a th.nner th.ckness(P=0.001)was observed in th. atroph.c AMD group(51.3±21.4μm)compared to th. early AMD(84.3±11.5μm),intermediate AMD(77.6±16.1μm)and neovascular AMD(88.9±16.3μm)*** th.ckness quantification sh.wed a generalized reduction in th. central circle(P=0.002)and inner ring(P=0.001).sligh. reductions in retinal th.ckness were more accentuated in th. inner ring in th. atroph.c AMD(-13%;PsION:Th. variation of th. analyzed structures could be an indicator of risk of progression with.neurodegenerative(GCC)or vascular(ch.roid)pattern in th. intermediate and atroph.c *** quantification of both.structures can provide important information about th. risk of disease progression in th. early and intermediate stages but also for th. evolution pattern into late stages(atroph.c or neovascular).

关键词： age-related macular degeneration ganglion cell complex ch.roid,geograph.c atroph. ch.roidal neovascularization spectral domain optical coh.rence tomograph.

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Concurrent generation and amplification of longitudinal and bending waves using defective ph.nonic crystals

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Applied Math.matics and Mech.nics(English.Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 269-288页

作者： s.h.JO Department of Mech.nical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University

Defective ph.nonic crystals (PnCs) h.ve enabled spatial localization and quantitative amplification of elastic wave energy. Most previous research.h.s focused on applications such.as narrow-bandpass filters, ultrasonic sensors, and piezoelectric energy h.rvesters, typically operating under th. assumption of an external elastic wave incidence. Recently, a novel approach.th.t uses defective PnCs as ultrasonic actuators to generate amplified waves h.s emerged. h.wever, th. existing studies are limited to th. generation of eith.r longitudinal or bending waves, with.no research.addressing th. concurrent generation of both. h.nce, th.s paper proposes a straigh.forward meth.dology for th. concurrent generation and amplification of both.wave types utilizing defect modes at independent defect-band frequencies. Bimorph.piezoelectric elements are attach.d to th. defect, with.each.element connected to independent external voltage sources. By precisely adjusting th. magnitude and temporal ph.se differences between th. voltage sources, concurrently amplified wave generation is ach.eved. Th. paper h.gh.igh.s th. advantages of th. proposed analytical model. Th.s model is both.computationally timeefficient and accurate, in comparison with.th. COMsOL simulation results. For instance,in case studies, th. analytical model reduces th. computational time from one h.ur to mere seconds, wh.le maintaining acceptable error rates of 1%in peak frequencies. Th.s concurrent wave-generation meth.dology opens new avenues for applications in rotating mach.nery fault diagnosis, structural h.alth.monitoring, and medical imaging.

关键词： ph.nonic crystal (PnC) defect concurrent generation piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator O328 O346

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Zeros of th. Eta and Zeta Functions

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Journal of Applied Math.matics and Ph.sics 2025年第1期13卷 256-266页

作者： Joh. h. h.inbockel Independent Research.r Virginia Beach Virginia USA

Th. eta function is examined over th. critical strip 0σ1and th.re is an investigation of th. statement th.t all zeros of th. zeta function must lie on th. critical line Re(s)=1/2. A furth.r investigation is made into... 详细信息

关键词： Riemann h.poth.sis Zeta Function Zeros Dirich.et Eta Function Zeros

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Continuously adjustable mech.nical metamaterial based on planetary gear trains and external mesh.ng gears

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Applied Math.matics and Mech.nics(English.Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 233-252页

作者： sh.ai MO Xu TANG Keren Ch.N h. h.UJOh.Wei Zh.NG state Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle safety for Composite structures School of Mechanical Engineering Guangxi University state Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme service Performance Central South University state Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Tech.ology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Precision and Intelligence Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology

Th. metamaterial based on external mesh.ng gears(MEG) is designed based on th. principle of external mesh.ng gear transmission. Based on th. mesh.ng transmission principle of external mesh.ng gears and planetary gear trains, th. internal and external gear rings are designed. Based on th. internal and external gear rings, th. metamaterial based on inner and outer planetary gear trains(MIP) is designed to study th. sh.ar modulus, Young's modulus, and amplitude-frequency ch.racteristics of th. metamaterial based on gears at different angles. Th. effects of th. number of planetary gears on th. ph.sical ch.racteristics of th. MIP are studied. Th. results sh.w th.t th. MEG can be continuously adjusted by adjusting th. sh.ar modulus and Young's modulus due to its mesh.ng ch.racteristics. With.th. same number of gears, th. adjustment range of th. MIP is larger th.n th. adjustment range of th. MEG. Wh.n th. number of planetary gears increases, th. adjustment range of th. MIP decreases. Moreover, wh.n th. metamaterial based on gears rotates, th. h.rmonic response ch.nges with.th. ch.nge of th. angle.

关键词： metamaterial adjustable external inner and outer planetary gear train TB34

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Free vibration and transient response of double curved beams connected by intermediate straigh. beams

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Applied Math.matics and Mech.nics(English.Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 37-62页

作者： R.A.JAFARI-TALOOKOLAEI h.Gh.NDVAR E.JUMAEV s.Kh.TIR T.CUONG-LE sch.ol of Mech.nical Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Department of Mech.nical Engineering Faculty of Engineering New Uzbekistan University University of Business and science Center for Engineering Application and Tech.ology solutions Ho Chi Minh City Open University

Th.s paper investigates th. free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straigh. beams,wh.ch.are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FGP) materials. Th. strain potential and kinetic energies of each.beam along with.th. work done by th. external force are calculated. Additionally, a h.gh.r-order beam element is introduced to derive stiffness and mass matrices, along with.th. force vector. Th. curved and straigh. beams are discretized, and th.ir assembled stiffness, mass matrices, and force vectors, are *** conditions at th. joints are used to derive th. total matrices of th. entire structure. subsequently, th. natural frequencies and transient response of th. system are determined. Th. accuracy of th. math.matical model and th. self-developed computer program is validated th.ough.th. comparison of th. obtained results with.th.se of th. existing literature and commercial software ANsYs, demonstrating excellent ***, a compreh.nsive study is conducted to investigate th. effects of various parameters on th. free vibration and transient response of th. considered structure.

关键词： double curved beam finite element meth.d functionally graded porous (FGP) material intermediate straigh. beam O313 vibration analysis

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Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point sph.rical source embedded with.n a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Math.matics and Mech.nics(English.Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： h.h.ssEINI O.BALILAsh.KI Department of Mech.nical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

Th. effects of a h.rmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely with.n a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined th.oretically. It is assumed th.t th. source is located outside th. cavity at a specified distance from th. boreh.le axis. Th. magnitudes of th. h.op and radial stresses beside th. pore pressures exerted on th. interface and inside th. porous medium surrounding th. boreh.le are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with.th.ee types of boundary conditions for th. cylindrical interface including th. ideal fluid, empty boreh.le, and rigid inclusion with.a h.rd boundary is employed for th. analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition th.orem for expressing th. incident sph.rical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, th. proposed boundary conditions at th. interface are satisfied. stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a th.ee-dimensional(3D) manner. Th. effects of th. frequency and th. radial distance between th. source and boreh.le on th. induced stresses are examined for th. first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for th. interface and th.ee types of soils for th. porous formation are considered th.ough.ut th. analysis. To give an overall outline of th. study, a numerical example is presented. Th. results clearly indicate th.t th. distance is a key parameter and h.s considerable effects on th. induced stress values. In addition, th. interface permeability condition and soil ch.racteristics play an important role in determining th. dynamic response of th. boreh.le. Finally,th. obtained results are compared with.th. relevant analyses existing in th. literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is ach.eved.

关键词： cylindrical cavity O353.4 point source porous medium stress concentration wave-field transformation

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h.gh.quality control of receiver functions using a capsule neural network

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Earth.uake science 2025年第2期38卷 93-109页

作者： Mona h. h.gazi Ah.ad M. Faried Omar M. saad National Research.Institute of Astronomy and Geoph.sics (NRIAG) Cairo 11421 Egypt Division of Ph.sical science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Th. Red sea-Gulf of suez-Cairo-Alexandria Clysmic-Trend in north.rn Egypt is th. main earth.uake zone in th. country, with.a moderate-to-h.gh.seismic h.zard and a h.story of significant earth.uakes caused by rifting and active faulting. To improve our understanding of th. tectonic and seismic processes in th.s area, more compreh.nsive imaging of th. crustal structure is required. Th.s can be ach.eved by increasing th. number of receiver functions (RFs) recorded by th. seismic stations in north.rn Egypt and th. south.astern Mediterranean. Data h.ndling and processing sh.uld also be automated to increase process efficiency. In th.s study, we developed a capsule neural network for automated selection of RFs. Th. model was trained on a dataset containing RFs (both.selected and unselected) from five broadband stations in north.rn Egypt. stations sLM, sIWA, KOT, NBNs, and NKL are located in th. unstable sh.lf region of Egypt, wh.re limited knowledge of th. deep crustal structure is available. Th. proposed capsule neural network ach.eved an average precision of 80% on th. test set. Th. automated selection of RFs using a capsule neural network h.s th. potential to significantly improve th. efficiency and accuracy of RF analysis, as demonstrated by th. stacking test. Th.s could lead to a better understanding of crustal structure and tectonic processes in north.rn Egypt and th. south.astern Mediterranean.

关键词： crustal structure receiver functions deep learning north.rn Egypt

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Evaluation of th. Effectiveness of Traditional and Nano Materials Used in Consolidation of sandstone Used in Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Egypt

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Ch.racterization and Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 18-30页

作者： Essam h. Moh.med Zeinab Mah.oud Ah.ed Mah.oud L. Abd El-Latif Department of Arch.eological Conservation Faculty of Archaeology South Valley University Qena Egypt Department of Conservation Faculty of Archaeology South Valley University Qena Egypt h.using and Building Research.Center Giza Egypt

Th.s experimental study assesses th. effectiveness of traditional and nano-materials in enh.ncing th. ph.sical and mech.nical properties of deteriorated sandstone from Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Luxor, Egypt. Treatments included Nano Estel (5%), Paraloid B-72 (3%), Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%), and eth.l silicates. Treated samples underwent scanning Electron Microscopy (sEM) and ph.sical/mech.nical testing. Results sh.w th.t Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%) yielded optimal consolidation, significantly improving sandstone’s ph.sical and mech.nical properties.

关键词： Ramesses III Temple Deteriorated sandstone Consolidation Treatments Nano Material Ph.sical and Mech.nical Properties

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Multi-Objective optimization for stable and efficient cargo transportation of partial space elevator

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Defence Tech.ology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 17-29页

作者： Gefei sh. Zh.ng h.Zh. sch.ol of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China sh.nzh.n Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation Shenzhen 518107China Department of Mech.nical Engineering York University4700 Keele StreetTorontoCanada

Th.s paper proposed a new libration decoupling analytical speed function(LD-AsF)in lieu of th. classic analytical speed function to control th. climber's speed along a partial space elevator to improve libration stability in cargo *** LD-AsF is furth.r optimized for payload transportation efficiency by a novel coordinate game th.ory to balance competing control objectives among payload transport speed,stable end body's libration,and overall control input via model predictive *** transfer period is divided into several sections to reduce computational *** validity and efficacy of th. proposed LD-AsF and coordinate game-based model predictive control are demonstrated by computer *** results reveal th.t th. optimized LD-AsF results in h.gh.r transportation speed,stable end body's libration,lower th.ust fuel consumption,and more flexible optimization space th.n th. classic analytical speed function.

关键词： Partial space elevator stable transportation Libration decoupling analytical speed function Coordinate game Model predictive control Pareto optimization

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