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Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide

High Power Laser science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 168-221页

作者： Colin N.Danson Constantin Haefner Jake Bromage Thomas Butcher Jean-Christophe FChanteloup Enam A.Chowdhury Almantas Galvanauskas Leonida A.Gizzi Joachim Hein David I.Hillier Nicholas W.Hopps Yoshiaki Kato Efim A.Khazanov Ryosuke Kodama Georg Korn Ruxin Li Yutong Li Jens Limpert Jingui Ma Chang Hee Nam David Neely Dimitrios Papadopoulos Rory R.Penman Liejia Qian Jorge J.Rocca andrey A.shaykin Craig W.siders Christopher spindloe sándor szatmári Raoul M.G.M.Trines Jianqiang Zhu Ping Zhu Jonathan D.Zuegel AWE AldermastonReadingUK OxCHEDs Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK CIFs Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegeLondonUK NIF&Photon science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreUSA Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology(ILT) AachenGermany Chair for Laser Technology LLT RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser EnergeticsRochesterUSA Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotUK LULI CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Centre for Ultrafast Optical science University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory Istituto Nazionale di Ottica(INO)CNRPisaItaly Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena and Helmholtz InstituteJenaGermany The Graduate school for the Creation of New Photonics Industries NishikuHamamatsuJapan Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of SciencesNizhny NovgorodRussia Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic state Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute for Applied Physics(IAP)at Friedrich-schiller-University Jena JenaGermany Helmholtz Institute Jena JenaGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering(IOF) JenaGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasma(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Centre for Relativistic Laser science(CoReLs) Institute for Basic ScienceDepartment of Physics and Photon ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Techno

In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was *** was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has *** are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under *** addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR *** apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development.

关键词： exawatt lasers high-power lasers petawatt lasers ultra-high intensity

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A novel weld-pool-length monitoring method based on pixel analysis in plasma arc additive manufacturing

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 335-348页

作者： Bao-ri Zhang Yong-Hua shi Bionic Robot Research Department Ji Hua LaboratoryFoshan528200GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for special Welding Technology and Equipment School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640People’s Republic of China

The real-time monitoring of the weld pool during deposition is important for automatic control in plasma arc additive *** obtain a high deposition accuracy,it is essential to maintain a stable weld pool *** this study,a novel passive visual method is proposed to measure the weld pool *** the proposed method,the image quality was improved by designing a special visual system that employed an endoscope and a *** also includes pixel brightness-based and gradient-based algorithms that can adaptively detect feature points at the boundary when the weld pool geometry *** algorithm can also be applied to materials with different solidification *** was performed to measure the real weld pool length in world coordinates,and outlier rejection was performed to increase the accuracy of the ***,tests were carried out on the intersection component,and the results showed that the proposed method performed well in tracking the changing weld pool length and was applicable to the real-time monitoring of different types of materials.

关键词： Plasma arc additive manufacturing(PAAM) Weld pool geometry Gradient analysis Real-time detection

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Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transmission in a classroom

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Building simulation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： Mojtaba Zabihi ri Li Joshua Brinkerhoff school of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It has been widely accepted that the most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,measured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of *** better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a comprehensive fully transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase model(DPM)was performed in a university classroom setting with people *** investigations encompass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings demonstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deemed airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from 5µm to 10µm in the cases *** effects of occupants are significant and must be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classrooms is introduced that places a premium on mitigating airborne disease *** to the baseline design at the same ACH,this design successfully reduced the maximum number density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related parameter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol *** underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,minimizing horizontal bulk motion is essential for reducing aerosol transmissibility within the room.

关键词： aerosol transmission airflow pattern horizontality COVID-19 simulation classroom ventilation

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Understanding the Recovery of the Intervertebral Disc:A Comprehensive Review of In Vivo and In Vitro studies

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第4期21卷 1919-1948页

作者： Faten Feki Fahmi Zaïri Abderrahman Tamoud Melissa Moulart Rym Taktak Nader Haddar Fahed Zaïri sfax University ENISMaterials Engineering and Environment Laboratory3038SfaxTunisia University of Lille IMT Nord EuropeJUNIAUniversity of ArtoisULR 4515-LGCgELaboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement59000LilleFrance PrediTwins Lab 59000LilleFrance Japet Medical Device 59000LilleFrance sfax University ENISLaboratory of Advanced Materials3038SfaxTunisia Ramsay Générale de santé Hôpital PrivéLe Bois59000LilleFrance

Within the consistent daily rhythm of human life,intervertebral discs endure a variety of complex loads beyond the influences of gravity and muscle forces,leading to significant morphological changes(in terms of volume,area,and height)as well as biomechanical alterations,including an increase in disc stiffness and a decrease in intradiscal ***,the discs demonstrate an ability to regain their original morphological and biomechanical characteristics after a period of nocturnal *** preservation of normal disc function is critically dependent on this recovery phase,which serves to forestall premature disc *** phenomenon of disc recovery has been extensively documented through numerous in vivo studies employing advanced clinical techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging(Mri),stadiometry,and intradiscal pressure ***,the findings from in vitro studies present a more complex picture,with reports varying between full recovery and only partial recuperation of the disc ***,research focusing on degenerated discs in vitro has shed light on the quantifiable impact of degeneration on the disc ability to *** dynamics within the disc are considered a primary factor in recovery,yet the disc intricate multiscale structure and its viscoelastic properties also play key *** elements interact in complex ways to influence the recovery mechanism,particularly in relation to the overall health of the *** objective of this review is to collate,analyze,and critically evaluate the existing body of in vivo and in vitro research on this topic,providing a comprehensive understanding of disc recovery *** understanding offers a blueprint for future advancements in medical treatments and bionic engineering solutions designed to mimic,support,and enhance the natural recovery processes of intervertebral discs.

关键词： Intervertebral disc Recovery In vivo vs.in vitro studies Degeneration Viscoelastic effects Fluid dynamics

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Hard life for sons in the nest?sex-dependent offspring mortality in Great Tits in urban and forest areas

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 91-97页

作者： Nora Agh Henriett Anna Dalvári Krisztián szabó Ivett Pipoly András Liker HUN-REN-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group University of PannoniaH-8200VeszpremPf.1158.Hungary Behavioral Ecology Research Group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaH-8200Pf.1158.VeszpremHungary Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of EcologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine BudapestH-1400Pf.2.BudapestHungary synlab Hungary Ltd. H-1211Weiss Manfr´ed Str.5-7BudapestHungary

sex-biased mortality can occur in birds during development,for example due to sexual differences in energy requirement and/or environmental sensitivity,or the effects of sex hormones or sex differences in the expression of mutations linked to sex *** extent of sex-bias in mortality may also be related to environmental conditions that influence offspring development and *** areas often provide poorer conditions for nestling development resulting in higher offspring mortality compared to natural areas,which may accelerate sex differences in offspring mortality in *** test this hypothesis,we examined the sex ratio of dead offspring in Great Tits(Parus major),using 427 samples of unhatched eggs and dead nestlings collected in two urban and two forest sites between 2013 and *** ratio of males in the whole sample of dead offspring(56.9%)was significantly higher than expected by an 1:1 ratio,and the strongest sex biases were detected in urban areas(57.6%males)and in young nestlings(s old,59.0%males).However,the sex ratios of dead offspring did not differ significantly among study sites and between offspring developmental stages.29.3%of unhatched eggs contained a visible embryo,and the proportion of embryo-containing unhatched eggs did not differ significantly between urban and forest study *** results suggest male-biased offspring mortality in Great Tits,and highlight the need of large datasets to detect subtle differences between habitats and developmental stages.

关键词： Great Tit Urbanization Nestling mortality sex related differences

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Optimal risk sharing for Maxmin Choquet Expected Utility Model

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae sinica 2024年第2期40卷 430-444页

作者： De-jian TIAN shang-ri WU school of Mathematics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

This article analyzes the Pareto optimal allocations,agreeable trades and agreeable bets under the maxmin Choquet expected utility(MCEU)*** provide several useful characterizations for Pareto optimal allocations for risk averse *** derive the formulation descriptions for non-existence agreeable trades or agreeable bets for risk neutral *** build some relationships between ex-ante stage and interim stage on agreeable trades or bets when new information arrives.

关键词： maxmin Choquet expected utility model Pareto optimal allocation agreeable trade agreeable bet

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synthesis of granulated Li_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) via two antisolvent methods for lithium adsorption from gas-produced water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 34-46页

作者： Jun Qiu Lu-ri Bao Wei Guo Ying Yang shu-Ying sun National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of salt Lake Resource East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Gas-produced water is an accompanying wastewater in the natural gas extraction process,and it is a potential liquid lithium resource that contains a considerable amount of *** study investigated the feasibility of using manganese-based ion sieves to adsorb and extract lithium from gas-produced *** we focused on the applicability of two different granulation methods,extrusion and droplet,in gas-produced water *** types of H_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) particles were prepared by the extrusion method(EHMO)and the droplet method(DHMO).The porosity of DHMO was much higher than that of EHMO,and the adsorption performance of DHMO increased with the decrease of binder *** prepared with a binder concentration of 0.14 g·ml^(-1)exhibited the best adsorption performance in gas-produced water,and the Li^(+)adsorption capacity could reach 25.14 mg·g^(-1).In gas-produced water,the adsorption equilibrium of DHMO only took 9 h,and the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic *** pore diffusion model(PDM)could well describe its adsorption ***,DHMO showed a great selectivity to Li^(+),and the selectivity order of DHMO in gas-produced water was Li^(+)>Ba^(2+)>>Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),sr^(2+)>>Na^(+)>>K^(+).After 20 cycles,the Li^(+)adsorption capacity was still higher than 17.30 mg·g^(-1),and the rate of manganese dissolution was less than 1%.

关键词： Gas-produced water Granulation Li_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4)

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Optimizing piezoelectric performance of complex perovskite through increasing diversity of B-site cations

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 78-86页

作者： Mengdi Cheng Dongyan Zhang Yangxi Yan Zhimin Li Pangpang Wang ri-ichi Murakami school of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126China Nanomaterials Group Institute of SystemInformation Technologies and Nanotechnologies(ISIT)Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity(FiaS)4-1 KyudaishinmachiNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0388Japan school of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China

Piezoelectric materials with unique properties are hugely appealing for high sensitivity sensors and ultrasonic ***,Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-Pb(Yb_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)piezoelectric system was designed and investigated in *** optimized piezoelectric response(d_(33)=826 pC/N,d_(33)∗=1017 pm/V)together with good temperature stability and negligible performance degradation up to 10^(6) cycles was achieved in 0.58PNN-0.10PYN-0.32PT *** analysis revealed the amplification of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions in MPB region due to more spontaneous polarization orientations and an increase in chemical disorder of system after the introduction of *** origin of high piezoelectric response was investigated through the combination of scanning electron microscopy and piezoresponse force *** diversity of B-site cations was shown to enhance local structural heterogeneity,weaken long-range ferroelectric ordered domains,and lower free energy barrier via the formation of nanodomain configuration that promoted polarization rotation,thereby improving piezoelectric properties of the ***,it is suggested that increasing the diversity of B-site cations is an effective strategy for achieving outstanding piezoelectric performance.

关键词： PNN-PYN-PT ceramics Piezoelectricity enhancement Relaxation behavior Domain structure

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Quantitative discrimination of surface adsorbed NO_(x) species on CeO_(2) via spectrophotometry for sCR denitration investigation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1066-1072,I0003页

作者： songil sin Jiawei Ji Lijun Cheng Zhiwen Gu Chong Tan Kwangchol ri Changjin Tang school of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Department of Mining Engineering Kim Chaek University of TechnologyPyongyang999093Democratic People's Republic of Korea Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing20023China Institute of Chemical Engineering Hamhung University of Chemical EngineeringHamhungDemocratic People's Republic of Korea Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology Nanjing210023China

CeO_(2)-based catalysts are widely investigated for selective catalytic reduction(sCR)of NO with *** of NO/O_(2) with CeO_(2) generally produces two surface species,i.e.,nitrates and ***,the explicit quantification of these two species is still ***,we reported that spectrophotometry characterization was effective in determining surface adsorbed NOx species on CeO_(2) by measuring the corresponding ions(NO_(2)-and NO_(3)^(-))dissolved in aqueous *** results show that both nitrate(-NO_(3))and nitrite(-NO_(2))species can be quantitatively evaluated and the accuracy is verified by calibrating with NOx-TPD *** transfer of adsorbed NOx from catalyst surface to aqueous solution is confirmed and the dissolution process can be accelerated by ultrasonic ***,useful information related to evolution of surface NOx species under various conditions(O_(2) treatment,different adsorption temperature and duration)and over different catalysts(Fe_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2) and MnOx—CeO_(2))are *** result of present study demonstrates the potential of spectrophotometry for quantitative discrimination of surface NOx species on CeO_(2) and other oxide-based materials,which is conducive to mechanism analysis of sCR reaction.

关键词： Quantitative evaluation spectrophotometry analysis Nitrate species Nitrite species CeO_(2)catalyst NH_(3)-sCR

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Highly efficient expression of human extracellular superoxide dismutase(rhEcsOD)with ultraviolet-B-induced damage-resistance activity in transgenic silkworm cocoons

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Insect science 2024年第4期31卷 1150-1164页

作者： Feng Wang ri-Yuan Wang De-Bin Zhong Ping Zhao Qing-You Xia Integrative science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(CHONGQING)science City Biological Science Research CenterSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina Century Legend Biotechnology Research Institute(Chongqing)Co. Ltd.ChongqingChina

Extracellular superoxide dismutase(EcsOD)protects tissues from oxidative stress,and thus is considered as a therapeutic agent for many diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,and ***,cost-effective production of bioactive recombinant human EcsOD(rhEcsOD)remains a ***,we developed an efficient strategy for producing active rhEcsOD by transgenic *** was successfully synthesized as homodimers and homotetramers in the middle silk gland and spun into the cocoons with a concentration of 9.48±0.21 mg/*** of rhEcsOD from the cocoons could be conveniently achieved with a purity of 99.50%and a yield of 3.5±0.5 mg/***,N-glycosylation at the only site of N89 in rhEcsOD with 10 types were *** purified rhEcsOD gained the potent enzymatic activity of 4162±293 U/mg after Cu/Zn ions *** importantly,rhEcsOD was capable of penetrating and accumulating in the nuclei of cells to maintain cell morphology and attenuate ultraviolet B-induced cell apoptosis by eliminating reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the C-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling *** results demonstrated that the transgenic silkworm could successfully produce rhEcsOD with enzymatic and biological activities for biomedical applications.

关键词： antioxidant human extracellular superoxide dismutase recombinant expression silkworm silk gland

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