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Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

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ECNU Review of Education 2023年第4期6卷 654-676页

作者：哈巍杨钋 Youngsup Choi Sungsup Ra ryotaro hayashi Conor McCutcheon Peking University Korea University of Technology and Education Asian Development Bank New York University

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern Asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral ***:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic *** offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of ***/Value:These East Asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

关键词： Comparative education East Asia international development skill formation technical and vocational education and training

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White Patch on the Fore-Flipper of Common Minke Whale, as a Potential Morphological Index to Identify Stocks

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 116-122页

作者： Gen Nakamura Ichiro Kadowaki Shouka Nagatsuka ryotaro hayashi Naohisa Kanda Mutsuo Goto Luis A. Pastene Hidehiro Kato Laboratory of Cetacean Biology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Japan NUS Company Ltd. Tokyo Japan Institute of Cetacean Research Tokyo Japan

Past studies have indicated that there are two different stocks (J and O stocks) in the North Pacific common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata population. These two stocks differ from each other in certain characteristics, such as body size, conception dates, and genetics. However, till date, few studies have investigated differences in the external body appearance between the two stocks. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the unique white patch on the flipper of this whale species to elucidate inter-stock differences. We used the animals collected from JARPNII research during 2012 and 2013;stock information was determined by microsatellite DNA analysis (n = 220). We focused on the morphological differences in the size and pattern of the white patch on the flipper of each whale. The length of the white patch along the anterior (ventral) margin of the flipper tends to be proportionally larger in O stock. The pattern of the boundary area of the white patch named as the “Grayish Accessary Layer (GAL)” was remarkably different between stocks. Within animals with “no GAL” type, 94% were J stock. Conversely, of animals with GAL expanding over the half the flipper width, 96% were O stock. We concluded from our study that there were clear morphological differences in the flipper color pattern between J and O stocks, which enable to apply widely to other individuals.

关键词： Common Minke Whale White Patch External Morphology Stock

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