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Active Oxygen Generation as a Possible Mechanism of Selenium Toxicity

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第Z1期 333-339页

作者： YOSHIYUKI SEKO AND NOBUMASA imura (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University,Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan)

Selenium plays an important role in scavenging active oxygen (AO) species as an essential constituent of glutathione peroxidase. On the other hand, several reports proposed a possible induction of toxic AO by selenium compounds in vitro. However, some of these experiments including ours, were revealed to conclude on the basis of experimental artifacts, and to have problems in the interpretation of *** or principles so far used for the detection of AO species generated by selenium compound were measurement of chemiluminescence from lucigenin or luminol by AO species,the spectrophotometric analysis of reduction of ferricytochrome c or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) by superoxide anion (O2-), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra using dimethylpyrroline oxide (DMPO) as a spin trapping agent, the deoxyribose decomposition by hydroxyl radical (HO), the salicylate hydroxylation by HO, and the strand breakage of DNA by AO. Many of these methods together with their principles seem to have some defects which prevent clear conclusion as stated below. (i) Lucigenin was found to mediate the formation of O2- in the presence of selenite and reduced glutathione (GSH). Therefore, lucigenin is not a suitable reagent. (ii) Luminol may also mediate O2- generation in the presence of HO. (iii) ferricytochrome c can be reduced to ferrocytochrome c in the mixture of selenite and GSH in the absence of oxygen. Moreover, the spectrophotometric method is interfered by turbidity of elemental selenium formed under some conditions in the reaction mixture containing selenite and GSH. (iv) NBT is also reduced by selenium compounds in the absence of O2.(v) ESR signals of AO species were obtained in the reaction mixture containing selenite and GSH, or in the solution of hydrogen selenide in the presence of O2. However, selenide decomposed spin adduct of DMPO with HO' (DMPO-OH). Therefore, the intensity of the signals is not quantitative. (vi) CuZn-SOD is not necessarily a good tool to prov the

关键词： Active Oxygen Generation as a Possible Mechanism of Selenium Toxicity

Impact of Perioperative Management for Intracranial Arterial Stenosis on Postoperative Stroke Incidence in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Propensity Matching and Multivariate Analyses

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Surgical Science 2018年第9期9卷 311-324页

作者： Hajime imura Yuji Maruyama Makoto Shirakawa Takashi Nitta Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital Kawasaki Japan Nippon Medical School Hospital Tokyo Japan

Background: Intracranial arterial steno-occlusive lesion (IAS) is the most common cause of stroke. We hypothesized that adequate perioperative management for IAS is useful to prevent stroke in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: IAS was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/A, n = 216) in patients without a history of stroke or carotid stenosis (≥50%) in CABG between May 2005 and June 2018 (n = 424). Off-pump CABG was performed in most patients. Different perioperative managements of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were applied for patients with and without MRI/A. SAP was strictly maintained at ≥80 mmHg in patients with significant IAS (≥50%, n = 28) and ≥90 mmHg for severe IAS (≥70%, n = 44) while SAP less than 80 mmHg (usually ≥70 mmHg) was allowed for patients without MRI/A. Intra-aortic balloon pumping was used for patients with multiple severe IAS and/or occlusion. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without MRI/A. Propensity matching was performed (n = 181 each). Results: Complete revascularization was achieved in all patients. Nine patients (2.12%) had postoperative strokes;the incidence of stroke was signifi-cantly less in patients with preoperative MRI/A (n = 1, p = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the incidence of in-hospital mortality between patients with and without preoperative MRI/A (0.5% and 1.0%, respectively;p = 0.529). Multivariate analysis revealed that no preoperative MRI/A was the only significant predictors of postoperative stroke (p = 0.045). The incidence of stroke was not higher in patients with IAS who underwent MRI/A (p = 0.332). Conclusions: Preoperative evaluation of IAS using MRI/A and following our perioperative management significantly reduced perioperative stroke in patients undergoing CABG.

关键词： CABG Intracranial Arterial Stenosis Stroke Magnetic Resonance Imaging Off-Pump

The Vision of Agri-Environmental Sustainability in Bangladesh: How the Policies, Strategies and Institutions Delivered?

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 40-51页

作者： Ranjan Roy Ngai Weng Chan Takehiko Uemura Hidefumi imura 1School of Humanities Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia 2Global Cooperation Institute (GCI) Yokohama City Univer- sity Yokohama Japan 3Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh. Global Cooperation Institute (GCI) Yokohama City Univer- sity Yokohama Japan School of Humanities Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia

Agriculture and environmental change are tightly interconnected in ways that require active roles of policy, strategy, and institution for the promotion of sustainable agriculture development. To explore this issue, this study addresses two questions 1) to what extent is environmental integration reflected in policies, strategies, and institutions? And 2) how do these policies, strategies, and institutions turn ambitions into actions? By adopting two frameworks developed by the OECD and the European Environment Agency as well as critically reviewing policy documents and conducting the key informant interviews, the results revealed that most of the policies and strategies integrated the environmental issue and had stipulated action plans and governance structure for implementation. The results also found that institutions marginally integrated the environmental concerns and faced several problems that hindered turning ambitions into actions. Overall, although policy instruments were good, the vision of sustainability was in difficulty to actualizing into action due to weak institutional setup. This study highlights the interdependence between the dimensions of policy implement tation process. Policy implications should emphasize enhancing institutional capacity, revamping agricultural advisory services, and empowering Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) to translate the vision of agri-environmental sustainability into action.

关键词： Policy Strategy Institution Development Sustainable Agriculture Bangladesh

Reduction of the Beam Hardening Artifacts in the X-Ray Computer Tomography: Energy Discrimination with a Photon-Counting Detector

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2012年第4期2卷 169-173页

作者： Yukino imura Takuto Yanagida Hisashi Morii Hidenori Mimura Toru Aoki Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Research institute of Electronics Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan

The material identification is a pressing requirement for the sensitive security applications. Dual-energy X-ray computer tomography (DXCT) has been investigated for material identification in the medical and security fields. It requires two tomographic images at sufficiently different energies. To discriminate dangerous materials of light elements such as plastic bombs in luggage, it is needed to measure accurately with several tens of kilo electron volts where such materials exhibit significant spectral differences. However, CT images in that energy region often include artifacts from beam hardening. To reduce these artifacts, a novel reconstruction method has been investigated. It is an extension of the Al-gebraic Reconstruction Technique and Total Variation (ART-TV) method that reduces the artifacts in a lower-energy CT image by referencing it to an image obtained at higher energy. The CT image of a titanium sample was recon-structed using this method in order to demonstrate the artifact reduction capability.

关键词： X-Ray Computer Tomography Artifacts Photon Counting Iterative Reconstruction ART-TV Titanium Sample Security Applications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae at General Hospital in the Central Region of Japan from December 2013 to February 2014

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2014年第6期2卷 12-17页

作者： Masaaki Minami Ryoko Sakakibara Taichi imura Hideo Morita Naoto Kanemaki Michio Ohta Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan Department of Clinical Investigation Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan Department of Gastroenterology Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan School of Nursing Sugiyama Jyogakuen University Nagoya Japan

Streptococcus pneumonia infection is important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at general hospitalin the central region of Japan from December 2013 to February 2014. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. One hundred fifty-three Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated among which 80 (52.2%) were males and 73 (47.8%) were females. Nasal discharge (134%/87.6%) contributed more than other biological materials. The age incidence of (0 - 1) years, (1 - 10) years, (11 - 40) years, (41 - 60) years and >60 years age groups were 26 (17.0%), 110 (71.9%), 3 (2.0%), 10 (6.5%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively. Positive samples were received mostly from the pediatrics (137%/89.5%), respiratory medicine (12%/7.8%) and lowest from gastroenterology (1%/0.6%) and neurology (1/ 0.6%) department. Vancomycin and rifampicin were the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptibility rates. The next best were levofloxacin, penicillin G and ceftriaxone. Our study revealed that 82 Streptococcus pneumonia isolates had multidrug resistant ability (53.6%). Streptococcus pneumoniae infection spreads among community easily and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to their resistance. Continuous antimicrobial susceptible surveys are essential to guide policy on the adequate use of antibiotics to reduce the morbidity and mortality and reduce the emergency of antimicrobial resistance.

关键词： Streptococcus pneumoniae Susceptibility Antimicrobial Resistance Multi Drug Resistance

LicT Modulates Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus pyogenes

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2014年第9期2卷 1-7页

作者： Masaaki Minami Hiroshi Takase Ryoko Sakakibara Taichi imura Hideo Morita Michio Ohta Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan Core Laboratory Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan Department of Clinical Investigation Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan Department of Gastroenterology Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan School of Nursing Sugiyama Jyogakuen University Nagoya Japan

Streptococcus pyogenes frequently causes purulent infections in humans. Biofilm formation is an important virulence property of S. pyogenes because of decreased susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic treatment. Biofilm is composed of various types of matrix including glycocalyx which is an important exocellular matrix material related to bacterial sugar metabolism. A putative antiterminator protein, LicT (Spy0571), is one of the components of the glucose-independent β-gluco-side-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS). Although the PTS, a carbohydrate metabolic system, may play a role in biofilm formation, the relationship between LicT and biofilm formation has not yet been elucidated. Here, we evaluated whether LicT affected biofilm formation in modified chemically defined medium (CDMM) supplemented with glucose or β-glucoside:salicin. We created licT- and licT-complemented mutant strains from S. pyogenes 1529. Although the licT mutant strain tended to have higher growth rate than wild-typestrain in CDMM with glucose, it had a significant lower growth rate than the wild-type strain in CDMM with salicin. In addition, the licT mutant exhibited lower biofilm formation in CDMM containing salicin than the wild-type strain by 96 well plate analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis. Our results suggest that LicT plays an important role in biofilm formation of S. pyogenes.

关键词： Streptococcus pyogenes LicT Biofilm

Clinical Characteristics of Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at General Hospital in the Central Region of Japan from July 2014 to June 2015

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第9期3卷 9-14页

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is crucial pathogen caused severe invasive infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at general hospital in the central region of Japan from July 2014 to June 2015. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease was defined as isolation of bacteria from a normally sterile body site. One hundred seventy-one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated among which 95 (55.6%) were from inpatient and 76 (44.4%) were from outpatient. The age incidence of (0 - 1) years, (1 - 10) years, (11 - 40) years, (41 - 60) years and >60 years age groups were 18 (10.5%), 41 (24.0%), 15 (8.8%), 5 (2.9%), and 92 (53.8%) respectively. There was significant difference of age distribution between invasive and noninvasive disease in 0 - 1 years group and 11 - 40 years age group. Positive samples were received mostly from the pediatrics (56/32.7%), respiratory medicine (25/14.6%) and general medicine (25/14.6%). We also found the significant differences of department between invasive and noninvasive disease in pediatrics, dermatology, and surgery. Arbekacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptible rates in our study. Our study revealed that erythromycin and gentamicin were more antimicrobial effective in invasive disease than in noninvasive disease significantly. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection spreads worldwide easily and inadequate use of antibiotics contributes to uptake of their new antimicrobial resistance. Continuous antimicrobial surveys are need for guiding policy on the adequate use of antibiotics to reduce the morbid

关键词： Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Susceptibility Antimicrobial Resistance Invasive Disease

Trend of Respiratory Tract-Associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subsp. Equisimilius at General Japanese Hospital from 2013 to 2015

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第12期4卷 11-17页

作者： Masaaki Minami Ryoko Sakakibara Taichi imura Mika Watanabe Hideo Morita Naoto Kanemaki Michio Ohta Department of Bacteriology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan Department of Clinical Investigation Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan Department of Gastroenterology Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan School of Nursing Sugiyama Jyogakuen University Nagoya Japan

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius are pathogenic bacteria which cause various infectious diseases from acute pharyngitis to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius infection has been increasing recently, the recent characteristic investigation of respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius has not been performed in Japan. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between respiratory tract and norespiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius by investigating the recent clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptible patterns of 98Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius isolated during 2013-2015 in Japan. There was significant difference of gender between respiratory tract and no respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius. No Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius from no respiratory tract were found under 18 years-old patients. The prevalence of clindamycin non susceptible Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius isolates from respiratory tract was significant greater than those from non-respiratory tract. We also analyzed the relationship between respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius and Streptococcus pyogenes in *** was no significant difference of gender between Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius and Streptococcus pyogenes. The numbers of Streptococcus pyogenes-infected patients were significantly greater than those of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius-infected patients in children from 1 to 18 years old. From antimicrobial resistance, we found that the numbers of clarithromycin resistant Streptococcus pyogenes were greater than those of clarithromycin resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius among respiratory tract isolation. Our results suggest that the clinical and antimicrobial susceptible

关键词： Streptococcus dysgalactiaesusp. equsimilius Susceptibility Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology

Application of Photon-Counting X-ray Computed Tomography to Aluminum-Casting Inspection

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2013年第3期3卷 106-108页

作者： Koichi Kan Yukino imura Hisashi Morii Koji Kobayashi Teruo Minemura Toru Aoki Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Research Institute of Electronics Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University HamamatsuJapan Hamamatsu TSC Chuo Hatsumei Institute Hamamatsu Japan Hamamatsu TSC Chuo Hatsumei Institute Hamamatsu Japan Research Institute of Electronics Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan

One of the issues in the aluminum-alloy die casting industry is the space occurring inside the casting, and the improvement of the verification technology is expected. The purpose of this research is to seal holes inside the aluminum metal by resin and verify them by photon-counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) using an energy-discrimination 64-channel cadmium-telluride (CdTe) line detector. Moreover, it is important to estimate the image of the effective atomic number and the electronic density by the energy mapping of the attenuation coefficient utilizing photon-counting X-ray CTto distinguish both the aluminum metal and the resin filler in the aluminum hole. As a result, the energy discrimination of the resin filler in the space of aluminum casting has been attained. We could observe the atomic number image utilizing dual-energyX-ray CTmethod with the 64-channel CdTe photon-counting detector.

关键词： X-Ray CT Photon-Counting Aluminum-Alloy Die Casting Impregnation