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Effects of Denture Removal on Expiratory Upper Airway Patency during Mask Ventilation in Complete Denture Wearers under General Anesthesia

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2021年第2期11卷 39-48页

作者： Takashi Imaizumi Toshiyuki Yano Chiho Uneda Kazuhiko Kawamoto ryosuke nakayama Division of Anesthesia Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital Kumamoto Japan

Background: Some anesthetized patients present with expiratory airway obstruction (EAO) during mask ventilation (MV). EAO may occur more frequently among edentulous patients for whom a firmer grip of the mask and the mandible is needed to avoid gas leakage. We compared EAO grades before and after denture removal and identified predictors of EAO during MV in edentulous patients. Methods: One hundred and eight denture-wearing edentulous patients were anesthetized, their mouths were wrapped with film, their nasal masks and mandibles were held with two hands, and their lungs were ventilated in a pressure-controlled mode. Their dentures were subsequently removed, mouths were re-wrapped, and nasal MV was reapplied. EAO was graded based on capnography waveforms as follows: Grade I, normal waveform (no obstruction);II, loss of the alveolar plateau of the waveform (partial obstruction);and III, no waveform (total obstruction). EAO grades were compared before and after denture removal. Predictive demographic variables for occurrence of total EAO were identified using a multivariate analysis. Results: The proportions of Grades I, II, and III were 43.5%, 26.9%, and 29.6% when dentures were worn and 35.2%, 15.7%, and 49.1%, respectively, when dentures were removed. A significant difference was observed in EAO grades before and after denture removal (P = 0.000034). Age ≥ 75 years (adjusted odds ratio 3.41;95% confidence int

关键词： Airway Obstruction Edentulous Jaw Expiration Nasopharynx Soft Palate

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Electrochemical Characterization of a Porous Pt Nanoparticle ＂Nanocube-Mosaic＂ Prepared by a Modified Polyol Method with HCI Addition

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Nano Research 2011年第8期4卷 746-758页

作者： Randy Jalem ryosuke Koike Yong Yang Masanobu nakayama Masayuki Nogami Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan

Porous and single crystalline platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized by reduction of H2PtCl6·6H2O and then investigated by optical spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. H2PtCl6·6H2O was reduced using ethylene glycol in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone under highly acidic conditions (pH < 1) to form single crystalline Pt particles about 5 nm in size. These particles were then stacked via {100} facets, forming 50-nm length porous nanocubes with a mosaic structure. The porous Pt NPs exhibited excellent catalytic properties for methanol oxidation. In particular, the electrochemical surface area was ∼63 m2/g, five times higher than that for non-porous Pt NPs prepared using a conventional method. We suggest that the high catalytic activity of porous Pt NPs is due to a combination of the crystalline structure having exposed {100} facets and a porous morphology.

关键词：铂纳米粒子纳米多孔电化学表征多元醇法人机交互透射电子显微镜聚乙烯吡咯烷酮制备

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