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日本年轻人用语中偏正短语的缩略现象探析——以“程度副词+かわいい”为案例

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高等日语教育

高等日语教育 2023年第2期 118-128,183-184页

作者：黄勇滨田亮辅浙江师范大学

本文以「程度副词+かわいい」为案例,考察了日本年轻人用语中偏正短语的缩略现象。结果发现,容易发生缩略现象的一般为诸如「めっちゃ」「激」之类的新兴程度副词。从来源角度可将新兴程度副词分为“源于方言副词”“源于名词”“源于... 详细信息

本文以「程度副词+かわいい」为案例,考察了日本年轻人用语中偏正短语的缩略现象。结果发现,容易发生缩略现象的一般为诸如「めっちゃ」「激」之类的新兴程度副词。从来源角度可将新兴程度副词分为“源于方言副词”“源于名词”“源于前缀”“源于形容动词”四大类型。它们与「かわいい」组合生成的缩略语在出现频次方面存在明显差异,但在生成过程中都严格遵守“2音拍+2音拍”规则。本文通过探讨日本年轻人用语中“程度副词+かわいい”的缩略现象,窥见到了缩略语使用的新动态。

关键词：日本年轻人用语新兴程度副词かわいい缩略语

Gene expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood leukocytes during early pregnancy in cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 813-823页

作者： ryosuke Sakumoto Kosuke Iga Ken-Go Hayashi Shiori Fujii Hiroko Kanahara Misa Hosoe Tadashi Furusawa Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Division of Livestock and Forage Research Tohoku Agricultural Research CenterNARO Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate CCL8 and CXCL10 expression and its regulatory mechanism in peripheral blood leukocytes(PBLs) at the time of maternal recognition in cows. Blood samples were collected on 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 d after artificial insemination(AI). Based on the day of return of estrus, cows were divided into three groups, pregnant(n = 5), early embryonic mortality(EEM; n = 5) and late embryonic mortality(LEM; n = 5). The gene expression levels in PBLs were assessed with quantitative real-time reverse transcription ***: The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA in PBLs gradually increased from 14 to 18 d of pregnant cows and significant differences were observed on 18 d(P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed both in EEM and LEM cows. Interferon-stimulated protein 15 k Da(ISG15), myxovirus-resistance gene(MX) 1 and MX2 mRNA expression in PBLs increased from 14 to 18 d which was significant on 18 d of pregnant cows as well as in LEM cows(P < 0.05), but no changes were observed in EEM cows. To determine whether the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was regulated by pregnancy-related substances or not, expression level was assessed after exposure to interferon-τ(IFNT) and CCL16. Monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes were obtained using density-gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry. The addition of IFNT(100 ng/mL) and CCL16(100 ng/mL) to cultured PBLs increased the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA(P < 0.05). The expression of ISG15, MX1 and MX2 mRNA in PBLs was also stimulated by IFNT and CCL16(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 genes increased in PBLs during early pregnancy. Since IFNT stimulated CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in cultured PBLs, the increase of CCL8 and CXCL10 might be pregnancy-dependent *** expression of both CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was stimulated by CCL16 as wel as IFNT, suggesting a chemokine interaction that at least includes CCL8, CXCL10 and CCL16, and m

关键词： CCL8 Cow CXCL10 Leukocytes Pregnancy

Characterizing Spatial Patterns of Phenology in Cropland of China Based on Remotely Sensed Data

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第1期9卷 101-112页

作者： WU Wen-bin YANG Peng TANG Hua-jun ZHOU Qing-bo CHEN Zhong-xin ryosuke Shibasaki Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R.China Center for Spatial Information Science University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan

This study used time-series of global inventory modeling and mapping studies （GIMMS） normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） datasets at a spatial resolution of 8 km and 15-d interval to investigate the spatial patterns of cropland phenology in China. A smoothing algorithm based on an asymmetric Gaussian function was first performed on NDVI dataset to minimize the effects of anomalous values caused by atmospheric haze and cloud contamination. Subsequent processing for identifying cropping systems and extracting phenological parameters, the starting date of growing season （SGS） and the ending date of growing season （EGS） was based on the smoothed NVDI time-series data. The results showed that the cropping systems in China became complex as moving from north to south of China. Under these cropping systems, the SGS and EGS for the first growing season varied largely over space, and those regions with multiple cropping systems generally presented a significant advanced SGS and EGS than the regions with single cropping patterns. On the contrary, the phenological events of the second growing season including both the SGS and EGS showed little difference between regions. The spatial patterns of cropping systems and phenology in Chinese cropland were highly related to the geophysical environmental factors. Several anthropogenic factors, such as crop variety, cultivation levels, irrigation, and fertilizers, could profoundly influence crop phenological status. How to discriminate the impacts of biophysical forces and anthropogenic drivers on phenological events of cultivation remains a great challenge for further studies.

关键词： phenology NDVI time-series cropping systems the starting date of growing season (SGS) the ending date of growing season (EGS) spatial pattern

Regional Variability of the Effects of Land Use Systems on Soil Properties

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第11期6卷 1369-1375页

作者： WU Wen-bin YANG Peng TANG Hua-jun Ongaro Luca Shibasaki ryosuke Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences~Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing ＆ Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R.China Center for Spatial Information Science University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan Centerfor Climate System Research University of Tokyo Chiba 277-8568 Japan Istituto Agronomico Per L＇Oltremare Florence 4-50131 Italy

In order to explore the regional variability of the effects of land use systems on soil properties, Shouyang County in Shanxi Province and Danling County in Sichuan Province of China were selected as the study areas. Field soil samples of the four land use systems （natural forest, forest plantation, shrubland, and cropland） were collected, respectively, from the two areas. The general statistical tools were used to analyze soil data. The results showed that the influence of land use systems on soil properties was significant. In general, soils in slightly human-disturbed land use systems presented a higher fertility level than those in strongly human-disturbed land use systems in both areas. Furthermore, the impacts of the same land use systems on soil properties showed a distinct regional variability, and even in the same land use system, different farming systems and site management measures （such as irrigation, fertilization, and pesticides） could also lead to the regional heterogeneity in soil properties. The regional variability of land use effects on soil properties reveals the regional variability of the effects of human activities on environmental changes, and could explain the complex relationship between humans and the natural environment in certain ways.

关键词： land use system soil property regional variability human activity

Guanling Biota: A Marker of Triassic Biotic Recovery from the end-Permian Extinction in the Ancient Guizhou Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期79卷 729-738页

作者： JIANG Dayong ryosuke MOTAN LI Chun HAO Weicheng SUN Yuanlin SUN Zuoyu Lars SCHMITZ Department of Geology and Geological Museum Peking University Yiheyuan Str. 5 Beijing 100871 China Department of Geology University of California Davis California 95616 USA Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Science 142 Xizhimenwai Street Beijing 100044 China

After a slow recovery from the end-Permian extinction during the Early Triassic and rapid radiation in the Middle Triassic, evolution of organisms reached a new peak phase in the Late Triassic. The Guanling Biota from the Wayao Member （conodont Paragondolella polygnathiformis Zone）, Falang Formation, Xinpu, Guanling County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China corresponds to this peak that marks the full recovery from the end-Permian extinction of marine ecosystems. The biota is of high diversity, containing well preserved and completely articulated skeletons of vertebrates comprising marine reptiles, fishes, and invertebrates including crinoids, ammonites, bivalves, and other fossils, and is one of the best examples of marine ecosystem records in life history. The fossil marine reptiles and crinoids are most significant in this biota, especially the marine reptiles, which provide an important link between the Triassic Pacific and Tethys, and between Triassic basal forms and the Jurassic-Cretaceous marine top predators. The most remarkable fossils are the large completely articulated ichthyosaur skeletons up to and more than 10 m, and the first recorded thalattosaurs and placodonts in China. Following our review, of the 17 named reptilian taxa the eight listed here are considered to be valid： three ichthyosaurs （Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li, 1999; Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Cao and Luo in Yin et al., 2000, Guanlingsaurus liangae Yin in Yin et al., 2000）, three thalattosaurs （Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis Liu, 1999, Xinpusaurus suni Yin in Yin et al., 2000, Xinpusaurus kohi Jiang et al., 2004）, and two placodonts （Sinocyamodus xinpuensis Li, 2000, Psephochelys polyosteoderma Li and Rieppel, 2002）. Mixosaurus guanlingensis Cao in Yin et al., 2000 might be a junior synonym of Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li, 1999, and Cymbospondylus asiaticus Li and You, 2002 and Panjiangsaurus epicharis Chen and Cheng, 2003 might be junior synonyms of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Cao and Luo

关键词： Guanling Biota marine reptiles Late Triassic Carnian Guizhou China

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios alone or combined with prostate-specific antigen for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第2期10卷 158-165页

作者： Sat Prasad Nepal Takehiko Nakasato Takashi Fukagai Yoshio Ogawa Yoshihiro Nakagami Takeshi Shichijo Jun Morita Yoshiko Maeda Kazuhiko Oshinomi Tsutomu Unoki Tetsuo Noguchi Tatsuki Inoue ryosuke Kato Satoshi Amano Moyuru Mizunuma Masahiro Kurokawa Yoshiki Tsunokawa Sou Yasuda Department of Urology Department of MedicineShowa University School of Medicine1-5-8 HatanodaiShinagawa-kuTokyoJapan

Objective:We evaluated whether the blood parameters before prostate biopsy can diagnose prostate cancer(PCa)and clinically significant PCa(Gleason score[GS]7)in our ***:This study included patients with increased prostate-specific antigen(PSA)up to 20 ng/*** associations of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio(PLR)alone or with PSA with PCa and clinically significant PCa were ***:We included 365 patients,of whom 52.9%(193)had PCa including 66.8%(129)with GS of≥*** density(PSAD)and PSA had better the area under the curve(AUC)of 0.722 and 0.585,respectively with pZ0.001 for detecting PCa compared with other blood *** combined with PLR(PsPLR)and PSA with NLR(PsNLR)had better AUC of 0.608 and 0.610,respectively with p<0.05,for diagnosing GS≥7 population,compared with PSA,free/total PSA,NLR,PLR,and PsNPLR(PSA combined with NLR and PLR).NLR and PLR did not predict PCa on multivariate *** GS≥7 cancer detection,in the multivariate analysis,separate models with PSA and NLR(Model 1:PsNLRþbaseline parameters)or PSA and PLR(Moder 2:PsPLRþbaseline parameters)were *** parameters comprised age,digital rectal exam-positive lesions,PSA density,free/total PSA,and magnetic resonance *** 2 containing PsPLR was statistically significant(odds ratio:2.862,95% confidence interval:1.174-6.975,p=0.021)in finding aggressive *** predictive accuracy of Model 2 was increased(AUC:0.734,p<0.001)than that when only baseline parameters were used(AUC:0.693,p<0.001).Conclusion:NLR or PLR,either alone or combined with PSA,did not detect ***,the combined use of PSA with PLR could find the differences between clinically significant and insignificant PCa in our retrospective study limited by the small number of samples.

关键词： Blood parameter Gleason score Neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio Platelet-tolymphocyte ratio Prostate cancer

Study of first orbit losses of 1 MeV tritons using the Lorentz orbit code in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第2期21卷 21-25页

作者： Kunihiro OGAWA Mitsutaka ISOBE Takeo NISHITANI Sadayoshi MURAKAMI ryosuke SEKI Hideo NUGA Neng PU Masaki OSAKABE LHD Experiment Group National Institute for Fusion Science National Institutes of Natural Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Kyoto University Kyoto-city

Shot-integrated measurement of the triton burnup ratio has been performed in the Large Helical Device. It was reported that the triton burnup ratio, defined as total DT neutron yield divided by total DD neutron yield, increases significantly in inward shifted configurations. To understand the magnetic configuration dependence of the triton burnup ratio, the first orbit loss fraction of 1 MeV tritons is evaluated by means of the Lorentz orbit code for various magnetic configurations. The first orbit loss of 1 MeV tritons is seen at t of less than 10-5 s and loss points of the triton are concentrated on the side of the helical coil case where the magnetic field is relatively weak. The significant decrease of the first orbit loss fraction by 15% is obtained with the inward shift of the magnetic axis position from 3.90 to 3.55 m. It is found that the decrease of first orbit loss is due to the reduction of the first orbit loss of transition and helically trapped tritons.

关键词： the Large Helical Device tritons energetic ion first orbit loss Lorentz orbit code

Direct imaging of shock wave splitting in diamond at Mbar pressure

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 90-100页

作者： Sergey Makarov Sergey Dyachkov Tatiana Pikuz Kento Katagiri Hirotaka Nakamura Vasily Zhakhovsky Nail Inogamov Victor Khokhlov Artem Martynenko Bruno Albertazzi Gabriel Rigon Paul Mabey Nicholas JHartley Yuichi Inubushi Kohei Miyanishi Keiichi Sueda Tadashi Togashi Makina Yabashi Toshinori Yabuuchi Takuo Okuchi ryosuke Kodama Sergey Pikuz Michel Koenig Norimasa Ozaki Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences 13/2 Izhorskaya St.125412 MoscowRussia Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0817Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences 1-A Akademika Semenova Ave.ChernogolovkaMoscow Region 142432Russia LULI CNRSCEAEcole PolytechniqueUPMCUniversite Paris 06:Sorbonne UniversitesInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Graduate School of Science Nagoya UniversityChikusa KuNagoyaAichi 4648602Japan Department of Physics Experimental Biophysics and Space SciencesFreie Universitat BerlinArnimallee 1414195 BerlinGermany SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute SayoHyogo 679-5198Japan RIKEN SPring-8 Center SayoHyogo 679-5148Japan Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan

Understanding the behavior of matter at extreme pressures of the order of a megabar(Mbar)is essential to gain insight into various physical phenomena at macroscales—the formation of planets,young stars,and the cores of super-Earths,and at microscales—damage to ceramic materials and high-pressure plastic transformation and phase transitions in *** dynamic compression of solids up to Mbar pressures,even a solid with high strength exhibits plastic properties,causing the induced shock wave to split in two:an elastic precursor and a plastic shock *** phenomenon is described by theoretical models based on indirect measurements of material *** advent of x-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)has made it possible to use their ultrashort pulses for direct observations of the propagation of shock waves in solid materials by the method of phase-contrast ***,there is still a lack of comprehensive data for verification of theoretical models of different ***,we present the results of an experiment in which the evolution of the coupled elastic-plastic wave structure in diamond was directly observed and studied with submicrometer spatial resolution,using the unique capabilities of the x-ray free-electron laser(XFEL).The direct measurements allowed,for the first time,the fitting and validation of the 2D failure model for diamond in the range of several *** experimental approach opens new possibilities for the direct verification and construction of equations of state of matter in the ultra-high-stress range,which are relevant to solving a variety of problems in high-energy-density physics.

关键词： shock wave solids

Investigation of Experimental Con6guration for Electron Bernstein Wave Heating on LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第4期11卷 430-438页

作者： Hiroe IGAMI ryosuke IKEDA Hiromi TAKAHASHI Yasuo YOSHIMURA Takashi SHIMOZUMA Shin KUBO Hitoshi TANAKA Kazunobu NAGASAKI Takashi MUTOH the LHD Experiment Group National Institute for Fusion Science 509-5292 Toki Japan Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University 606-8502 Kyoto Japan Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University 611-0011 Uji Japan

Investigation of experimental configuration for the electron Bernstein wave （EBW） heating by using the existing electron cyclotron heating （ECH） antennas on LHD was performed. By using an antenna installed in the lower port, direct oblique launching of the extraordinary （X-） mode from the high magnetic field side （HFS） is available. Since the parallel component of the refractive index （NIF） varies during propagation because of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, NH can be zero when the launched X-mode crosses the fundamental electron cyclotron resonance （ECR） layer even NⅡ is noonzero initially. In such a condition, if the electron density is above a certain level the obliquely launched X-mode can pass the fundamental ECR layer without being damped out and can be mode-converted to EBW that is absorbed at the Doppler shifted ECR layer. By using an antenna installed in the horizontal port, oblique launching from the lower magnetic field side （LFS） toward the over-dense plasma is available. Excitation of EBW via the mode conversion process of ordinary mode（O）-extraordinary mode（X）-electron Bernstein wave （B） is expected with the O-mode launching toward an appropriate direction. The O-X-B mode conversion rate and the region of power deposition were surveyed by varying the magnetic field strength and the launching direction. The results of the survey suggest that efficient heating in the core region is difficult by using the existing antenna. Rearrangement of the final mirror of the launching antenna may be needed.

关键词： LHD electron cyclotron heating (ECH) electron Bernstein wave (EBW),high density plasma