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Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 77-96页

作者： Katherine anderson Barbara ryan William Sonntag Argyro Kavvada Lawrence Friedl Group on Earth Observations GenevaSwitzerland Booz Allen Hamilton WashingtonDCUSA NASA Earth Science Division WashingtonDCUSA

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated *** paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development *** a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the *** then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

关键词： Earth observation Group on Earth Observations(GEO) Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) the 2030 Agenda

Development of environmental niche models for use in underwater vehicle navigation

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2020年第2期2卷 67-77页

作者： Michael Fitzpatrick Gregory MReis Jacob anderson Leonardo Bobadilla Wesam Al Sabban ryan NSmith Physics&Engineering Fort Lewis CollegeDurangoCOUSA Computer Science Oregon State UniversityCorvalisORUSA Computer Science Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA Computer&Information Systems Umm Al Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia

This paper presents a review of Environmental Niche Modeling and a methodology for isolating the environmental niche of an aquatic species,given that prior information is available for characterising the physical tolerances for that *** test and demonstrate our methodology,the environmental niche of the kelp bass has been isolated within Big Fisherman's Cove,Santa Catalina Island,CA,at specific confidence *** motivation for this examination is to demonstrate the utility of ecological analysis in ***,the utilisation of physical water properties to provide relative navigation and localisation for an aquatic *** environmental niches act as navigational landmarks in the seemingly featureless underwater *** water patches tend to stick together,this provides persistent landmarks for use in aquatic navigation *** provide the background and development of Environmental Niche Models,and present results from field trials for solving the navigation and localisation problem for underwater ***,we provide results from a technique developed by the authors that utilises physical water parameters,e.g.,temperature,salinity,chlorophyll,etc.,to localise an underwater vehicle in a given *** presented method leverages the concept of Environmental Niche Models to provide accurate position estimation that rivals GPS accuracy.

关键词： underwater estimation salinity

Like mother, like daughter： heritability of female Richardson＇s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii cortisol stress responses

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin R. BAIROS-NOVAK Calen R ryan Angela R. FREEMAN W. Gary anderson James F, HARE Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Departmentof Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Department ofAnthropology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis liberates glucocorticoids, which provides an acute indication of an individual＇s response to stressors. The heritability of the stress response in wild mammals, however, remains poorly documented. We quantified the cortisol stress response of female Richardson＇s ground squirrels （RGSs） to handling and physical restraint, testing for：（1） the effects of individual age, time of day, and sample latency; （2） repeatability within individuals; （3） narrow-sense heritability; and （4） differences among individuals owing to potential genetic and/or environmental effects. We detected a positive linear relationship between baseline plasma cortisol （BL-cortisol） concentration and stress-induced plasma cortisol （Sl-cortisol） concentration that defined each individual＇s cortisol stress response. BL-cortisol, SI-cortisol, and stress response did not differ according to the time the sample was taken, or by subject age. Cortisol stress response was highly repeatable within individuals, had a mother-offspring heritability of h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, full-sibling heritability of h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half-sibling heritabil- ity of hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Stress responses of sibling groups, immediate-family groups, and squir- rels within a given area did not differ, whereas those of individuals from more distantly related matrilines did. Our results highlight the natural variability in HPA axis reactivity among individuals by quantifying both BL- and SI-cortisol levels, demonstrate partial heritability of the stress response that is not attributable to environmental variation, and suggest that at least part of an indi- vidual＇s stress response can be accounted for by differences in matrilineal history.

关键词： glucocorticoids ground squirrel heritability hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity stress response.

A cadaveric model for transesophageal echocardiography transducer placement training: A pilot study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 18-22页

作者： ryan W.Horton Kian R.Niknam Viveta Lobo Kathryn H.Pade Drew Jones Kenton L.anderson Department of Emergency Medicine Stanford University School of MedicinePalo Alto 94304USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustin 78756USA University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco 94143USA Department of Emergency Medicine Rady Children’s HospitalSan Diego 92123USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Central Florida/HCA Ocala RegionalOcala 34471USA

BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is used in the emergency department to guide resuscitation during cardiac arrest. Insertion of a TEE transducer requires manual skill and experience, yet in some residency programs cardiac arrest is uncommon, so some physicians may lack the means to acquire the manual skills to perform TEE in clinical practice. For other infrequently performed procedural skills, simulation models are used. However, there is currently no model that adequately simulates TEE transducer insertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement among novice ***: A convenience sample of emergency medicine residents was enrolled during a procedure education session using cadavers as tissue models. A pre-session assessment was used to determine prior knowledge and confidence regarding TEE manipulation. Participants subsequently attended a didactic and hands-on education session on TEE placement. All participants practised placing the TEE transducer until they were able to pass a standardized assessment of technical skill(SATS). After the educational session, participants completed a post-session assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-five residents participated in the training session. Mean assessment of knowledge improved from 6.2/10 to 8.7/10(95% confidence interval [CI] of knowledge difference 1.6–3.2, P<0.001) and confidence improved from 1.6/5 to 3.1/5(95% CI of confidence difference 1.1–2.0, P<0.001). There was no relationship between training level and the delta in knowledge or ***: In this pilot study, the use of a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement methods among novice users is feasible and improves both TEE manipulation knowledge and confidence levels.

关键词： Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Echocardiography Education Simulation

Extensive adhesion formation in a total knee replacement in the setting of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 538-543页

作者： Steven Mitchell anderson Lee ryan Stenquist David YatsonskyⅡ Megan L Mooney Vithal B Shendge Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare primary neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract,accounting for 1%to 2%of all gastrointestinal neoplasms *** are frequently discovered incidentally during workup for other diagnosis or intestinal obstruction,as they can present with few or no ***,GISTs confer a high degree of malignant transformation,with a progression in about 10%to 30%of *** SUMMARY A 63-year-old healthy female presented to our institution with complaints of right knee pain and limited passive and active motion in the setting of a previous right total knee arthroplasty(TKA).One year after TKA,the patient was incidentally diagnosed with a GIST,which was successfully *** removal,the patient continued to have limited range of motion of the right knee and subsequently underwent revision *** significant fibrotic adhesions were found encapsulating the femoral and tibial *** patient’s pain improved postoperatively,however,she continued to have decreased range of motion with difficulty *** We propose that this case may demonstrate a proinflammatory milieu arising from a GIST,which had a direct influence on the outcome of recent total knee *** proposed mechanism between neoplastic cytokinetic activity and adhesion formation could have implications on preoperative and postoperative orthopedic management of total knee arthroplasty.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Adhesion formation Total knee arthroplasty Inflammatory response Decreased range of motion Case report

Multi-Institutional US Experience of the Occlutech AFR Device in Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第1期17卷 107-116页

作者： Barry O’Callaghan Jenny Zablah Joseph Vettukattil Daniel Levi Morris Salem Allison Cabalka Jason anderson Makram Ebeid ryan Alexy Gareth J.Morgan The Heart Institute Children’s Hospital ColoradoAuroraUSA Pediatric Cardiology Helen DeVos Children’s HospitalGrand RapidsUSA Pediatric Cardiology UCLA HealthMattel Children’s HospitalLos AngelesUSA Pediatric Cardiology UCLA Medical CentreLos AngelesUSA Pediatric Cardiology Mayo ClinicRochesterUSA Pediatric Cardiology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonUSA Pediatric Cardiology Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University HealthIndianapolisUSA

Objectives:To detail the US multi-institutional experience with the Occlutech©(Occlutech International AB,Helsingborg,Sweden)atrial flow regulator(AFR)in children and adults with acquired or congenital heart ***:The creation of a long-term atrial communication is desirable in several cardiovascular disease phenotypes,most notably pulmonary arterial hypertension,disorders of increased left ventricular filling and increased cavopulmonary pressures in patients with a Fontan type ***:Patients were identified for inclusion from the AFR device manufacturer *** was collected using a RedCap database following IRB approval.8 weeks of follow up data was sought for each patient based on available *** was analyzed and summarized using ***:We report the experience of 6 US centers in the implantation of AFR devices in 15 patients,across a wide age range,with different disease phenotypes and a variety of *** was technically successful in all patients and improvement was noted in both clinical and hemodynamic *** were no immediate or intermediate term complications reported.3 patients died remote from *** deaths were not felt to be related to the AFR device or related procedural ***:Compassionate use of the AFR device in children and adults with congenital&acquired heart disease is technically feasible and produces beneficial short term hemodynamic and symptomatic *** uptake of this technique and treatment at specialist centers has the potential to provide significant benefits to a variety of complex patients with currently limited treatment options and indeterminate prognosis.

关键词： Congenital heart disease pulmonary hypertension left atrial hypertension single ventricle palliation diastolic heart failure

Simpli?ed point-of-care ultrasound protocol to con?rm central venous catheter placement:A prospective study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第1期8卷 25-28页

作者： Scan P.Wilson Samer Assaf Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh Alan Chiem Craig anderson Samantha Shwe ryan Nguyen John C.Fox Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvineOrangeCalifornia 92868USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaSylmarLos AngelesCalifornia 91342USA

BACKGROUND: The current standard for con? rmation of correct supra-diaphragmatic central venous catheter(CVC) placement is with plain ? lm chest radiography(CXR). We hypothesized that a simple point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) protocol could effectively con? rm placement and reduce time to con? ***: We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit who required CVC placement. Correct positioning was considered if turbulent flow was visualized in the right atrium on sub-xiphoid, parasternal or apical cardiac ultrasound after injecting 5 cc of sterile, non-agitated, normal saline through the ***: Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. POCUS had a sensitivity of 86.8%(95%CI 77.1%–93.5%) and speci? city of 100%(95%CI 15.8%–100.0%) for identifying correct central venous catheter placement. Median POCUS and CXR completion were 16 minutes(IQR 10–29) and 32 minutes(IQR 19–45), ***: Ultrasound may be an effective tool to confirm central venous catheter placement in instances where there is a delay in obtaining a con? rmatory CXR.

关键词： Point-of-care ultrasound Emergency ultrasound Central venous access

Identification of anticancer drugs to radiosensitise BRAF-wild-type and mutant colorectal cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第2期16卷 234-246页

作者： Rebecca Carter Azadeh Cheraghchi-Bashi Adam Westhorpe Sheng Yu Yasmin Shanneik Elena Seraia Djamila Ouaret Yasuhiro Inoue Catherine Koch Jenny Wilding Daniel Ebner anderson J. ryan Francesca M. Buffa Ricky A. Sharma NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre/ UCL Cancer Institute University College London London WC1E 6DD UK NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Department of Oncology University of Oxford Oxford 0X1 2JD UK Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics University of Oxford Oxford 0X1 2JD UK NDM Research Building Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford 0X1 2JD UK Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford 0X1 2JD UK Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Division of Reparative Medicine Institute of Life Sciences Edobashi 2-174 Tsu Japan Departme nt of Biology Massachusetts In stitute of Tech no logy Cambridge Massachusetts 02142 USA Target Discovery Institute National Phenotypic Screening Centre Nuffield Department of Medicine University of OxfordOxford 0X1 2JD UK CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology University of Oxford Oxford 0X1 2JD UK

Objective: Patients with BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer(CRC) have a poor prognosis. Molecular status is not currently used to select which drug to use in combination with radiotherapy. Our aim was to identify drugs that radiosensitise CRC cells with known BRAF ***: We screened 298 oncological drugs with and without ionising radiation in colorectal cancer cells isogenic for BRAF. Hits from rank product analysis were validated in a 16-cell line panel of human CRC cell lines, using clonogenic survival assays and xenograft models in ***: Most consistently identified hits were drugs targeting cell growth/proliferation or DNA damage repair. The most effective class of drugs that radiosensitised wild-type and mutant cell lines was PARP inhibitors. In clonogenic survival assays, talazoparib produced a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.9 in DLD1(BRAF-wildtype) cells and 1.8 in RKO(BRAF V600 E) cells. In DLD1 xenografts, talazoparib significantly increased the inhibitory effect of radiation on tumour growth(P ≤ 0.01).Conclusions: Our method for screening large drug libraries for radiosensitisation has identified PARP inhibitors as promising radiosensitisers of colorectal cancer cells with wild-type and mutant BRAF backgrounds.

关键词： Radiosensitizer colorectal cancer PARP inhibitor radiotherapy

Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： James F. HARE Calen R ryan Chris ENRIGHT Laura E. GARDINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary anderson Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites （FGMs） from captive male and female Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and following handling （stress-induced） were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirrels