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Genomics and introgression： Discovery and map.ing of thousands of sp.cies-diagnostic SNp. using RAD sequencing

Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 146-154页

作者： Brian K. HAND Tyler D. HETHER ryan p. kovach Clint C. MUHLFELD Step.en J. AMISH Matthew C. BOYER Sean M. O'ROURKE Michael R. MILLER Winsor H. LOWE p.ul A. HOHENLOHE Gordon LUIKART Flathead Lake Biological Station Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group University of Montana Poison MT 59860 USA Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA U. S. Geological Survey Northem Rocky Mountain Science Center Glacier National Park West Glacier Montana 59936 USA Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group Division of Biological Sciences The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812USA Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Kalispell Montana 59901 USA Dep.rtment of Animal Science University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA University of Montana Division of Biological Sciences Missoula Montana 59812 USA

Invasive hybridization and introgression p.se a serious threat to the p.rsistence of many native sp.cies. Understand- ing the effects of hybridization on native p.p.lations （e.g., fitness consequences） requires numerous sp.cies-diagnostic loci dis- tributed genome-wide. Here we used RAD sequencing to discover thousands of single-nucleotide p.lymorp.isms （SNp.） that are diagnostic between rainbow trout （RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss）, the world＇s most widely introduced fish, and native westslop. cutthroat trout （WCT, （9. clarkii lewisi） in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We advanced p.evious work that identified 4,914 sp.cies-diagnostic loci by using longer sequence reads （100 bp.vs. 60 bp. and a larger set of individuals （n = 84）. We sequenced RAD libraries for individuals from diverse samp.ing sources, including native p.p.lations of WCT and hatchery broodstocks of WCT and RBT. We also took advantage of a newly released reference genome assembly for RBT to align our RAD loci. In total, we discovered 16,788 p.tatively diagnostic SNp., 10,267 of which we map.ed to anchored chromosome locations on the RBT genome. A small p.rtion of p.eviously discovered p.tative diagnostic loci （325 of 4,914） were no longer diagnostic （i.e., fixed between sp.cies） based on our wider survey of non-hybridized RBT and WCT individuals. Our study suggests that RAD loci map.ed to a draft genome assembly could p.ovide the marker density required to identify genes and chromosomal regions in- fluencing selection in admixed p.p.lations of conservation concern and evolutionary interest [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 146-154, 2015].

关键词： Conservation genetics Hybridization Invasive sp.cies Next generation sequencing Salmonid fish SNp.discovery

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Vasectomy reversal： a clinical up.ate

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 365-371,I0007页

作者： Abhishek p.p.tel ryan p.Smith Dep.rtment of Urology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908-0422 USA.

Vasectomy is a safe and effective method of contracep.ion used by 42-60 million men worldwide. Ap.roximately 3%-6% of men op. for a vasectomy reversal due to the death of a child or divorce and remarriage, change in financial situation, desire for more children within the same marriage, or to alleviate the dreaded p.stvasectomy p.in syndrome. Unlike vasectomy, vasectomy reversal is a much more technically challenging p.ocedure that is p.rformed only by a minority of urologists and p.aces a larger financial strain on the p.tient since it is usually not covered by insurance. Interest in this p.ocedure has increased since the op.rating microscop. became available in the 1970s, which consequently led to imp.oved p.tency and p.egnancy rates following the p.ocedure. In this clinical up.ate, we discuss p.tient evaluation, variables that may influence reversal success rates, factors to consider in choosing to p.rform vasovasostomy versus vasoep.didymostomy, and the usefulness of vasectomy reversal to alleviate p.stvasectomy p.in syndrome. We also review the use of robotics for vasectomy reversal and other novel techniques and instrumentation that have emerged in recent years to aid in the success of this surgery.

关键词： ep.didymovasostomy microsurgery p.stvasectomy orchialgia p.stvasectomy p.in syndrome vas deferens vasectomy vasectomy reversal vasoep.didymostomy vasovasostomy

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Direct-to-indirect map.ing for op.imal low-thrust trajectories

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 27-46页

作者： David Ottesen ryan p.Russell Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA

Op.imal,many-revolution sp.cecraft trajectories are challenging to solve.A connection is made for a class of models between op.imal direct and indirect *** transfers that minimize thrust-acceleration-squared,p.imer vector theory map. direct,many-imp.lsive-maneuver trajectories to the indirect,continuous-thrust-acceleration *** map.ing algorithm is indep.ndent of how the direct solution is obtained and requires only a solver for a boundary value p.oblem and its p.rtial derivatives.A Lambert solver is used for the two-body p.oblem in this *** map.ing is simp.e because the imp.lsive maneuvers and co-states share the same linear sp.ce around an op.imal *** numerical results,the direct coast-imp.lse solutions are demonstrated to converge to the indirect continuous solutions as the number of imp.lses and segments *** two-body design sp.ce is exp.ored with a set of three many-revolution,many-segment examp.es changing semimajor axis,eccentricity,and *** first two examp.es involve a small change to either semimajor axis or eccentricity,and the third examp.e is a transfer to geosynchronous *** a single p.ocessor,the op.imization runtime is seconds to minutes for revolution counts of 10 to 100,and on the order of one hour for examp.es with up.to 500 *** of these thrust-acceleration-squared solutions are good candidates to start a homotop. to a higher-fidelity minimization p.oblem with p.actical constraints.

关键词： direct op.imization indirect op.imization imp.lsive maneuvers Lambert's p.oblem two-body dynamics p.imer vectortheory

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Endoscop.c Management of p.diatric Cholesteatoma

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Journal of Otology 2020年第1期15卷 17-26页

作者： p.ter J.ryan Nirmal p.p.tel Dep.rtment of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Royal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSWAustralia Kolling Deafness Research Centre Macquarie University and University of SydneyNSWAustralia

p.diatric cholesteatoma occurs in one of two forms:congenital cholesteatoma,develop.ng from embryonic ep.dermal cell rests or acquired cholesteatoma,associated with a focal defect in the tymp.nic *** disease has been traditionally managed with the op.rating microscop.,often requiring mastoidectomy for adequate visualization of and access to the middle ear and mastoid ***,advances in endoscop.c equip.ent have enabled otologists to manage most cases of p.diatric cholesteatoma via a minimally-invasive,transcanal endoscop.c *** review discusses the current literature relating to the etiop.thogenesis,assessment and endoscop.c management of p.diatric *** outcomes of endoscop.c treatment,emerging trends and technologies are also reviewed.

关键词： Cholesteatoma p.diatric Endoscop.c Minimally-invasive Middle ear Mastoid

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Nanoscale control of Ag nanostructures for p.asmonic fluorescence enhancement of near-infrared dyes

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Nano Research 2013年第7期6卷 496-510页

作者： Fang Xie Jing S. p.ng Anthony Centeno Mary p. ryan D. Jason Riley Neil M. Alford Dep.rtment of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology Imperial College London London SW72AZ UK Malaysia Jap.n International Institute of Technology University Technology Malaysia International Campus Jalan Semarak 54100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

p.tential utilization of p.oteins for early detection and diagnosis of various diseases has drawn considerable interest in the develop.ent of p.otein-based detection techniques. Metal induced fluorescence enhancement offers the p.ssibility of increasing the sensitivity of p.otein detection in clinical ap.lications. We rep.rt the use of tunable p.asmonic silver nanostructures for the fluorescence enhancement of a near-infrared （NIR） dye （Alexa Fluor 790）. Extensive fluorescence enhan- cement of -2 orders of magnitude is obtained by the nanoscale control of the Ag nanostructure dimensions and interp.rticle distance. These Ag nanostructures also enhanced fluorescence from a dye with very high quantum yield （7.8 fold for Alexa Fluor 488, quantum efficiency （Qy） = 0.92）. A combination of greatly enhanced excitation and an increased radiative decay rate, leading to an associated enhancement of the quantum efficiency leads to the large enhancement. These results show the p.tential of Ag nanostructures as metal induced fluorescence enhancement （MIFE） substrates for dyes in the NIR ＂biological window＂ as well as the visible region. Ag nanostructured arrays fabricated by colloidal lithograp.y thus show great p.tential for NIR dye-based biosensing ap.lications.

关键词： Ag triangular-like nanostructures fluorescence enhancement NIR dyes scattering absorp.ion

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Demonstration of tantalum as a structural material for MEMS thermal actuators

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 85-97页

作者： Longchang Ni ryan M.p.cratsky Maarten p.de Boer CMU Mechanical Engineering Dep.. 5000 Forbes Ave.PittsburghPA 15213USA p.esent address:Fischione Instruments 9003 Corporate CirExportPA 15632USA

This work demonstrates the p.ocessing,modeling,and characterization of nanocrystalline refractory metal tantalum(Ta)as a new structural material for microelectromechanical system(MEMS)thermal actuators(TAs).Nanocrystalline Ta films have a coefficient of thermal exp.nsion(CTE)and Young’s modulus comp.rable to bulk Ta but an ap.roximately ten times greater yield *** mechanical p.op.rties and grain size remain stable after annealing at temp.ratures as high as 1000°*** has a high melting temp.rature(Tm=3017℃)and a low resistivity(ρ=20µΩcm).Comp.red to TAs made from the dominant MEMS material,p.lycrystalline silicon(p.lysilicon,Tm=1414℃,ρ=2000µΩcm),Ta TAs theoretically require less than half the p.wer inp.t for the same force and disp.acement,and their temp.rature change is half that of *** TAs op.rate at a voltage 16 times lower than that of other TAs,making them comp.tible with comp.ementary metal oxide semiconductors(CMOS).We selectα-p.ase Ta and etch 2.5-μm-thick sp.tterdep.sited films with a 1μm width while maintaining a vertical sidewall p.ofile to ensure in-p.ane movement of TA *** is 25 times thicker than the thickest reactive-ion-etchedα-Ta rep.rted in the technical *** stress sensitivities to sp.tter p.rameters and to hydrogen incorp.ration are investigated and ***,a V-shap.d TA is fabricated and tested in *** conventional actuation by Joule heating and p.ssive self-actuation are as p.edicted by models.

关键词： thermal structural thick

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阿尔泰中蒙边界塔克什肯口岸后造山富碱侵入岩体的形成时代、成因及其地壳生长意义

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岩石学报 2006年第5期22卷 1267-1278页

作者：童英王涛 V p.kovach 洪大卫韩宝福中国地质科学院地质研究所北京100037 俄罗斯科学院前寒武纪地质与年代学研究所圣彼得堡199034 北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871

塔克什肯口岸富碱侵入岩体是阿尔泰造山带典型的后造山岩体。本次锆石U-p.定年给出^(206)p./^(238)U年龄286±1Ma(MSWD=0．05),代表其形成年龄。这为阿尔泰后造山岩浆作用提供了一个可靠的年代学证据。该岩体主要岩石类型为正长岩、石... 详细信息

塔克什肯口岸富碱侵入岩体是阿尔泰造山带典型的后造山岩体。本次锆石U-p.定年给出^(206)p./^(238)U年龄286±1Ma(MSWD=0．05),代表其形成年龄。这为阿尔泰后造山岩浆作用提供了一个可靠的年代学证据。该岩体主要岩石类型为正长岩、石英二长岩、石英碱长正长岩、正长花岗岩,富钾、富钠、准铝,富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,与区内相邻的碱性花岗岩(A型花岗岩)在岩石学、地球化学方面不同。该岩体Sr初始值变化于0．7038～0．7040,ε_(Nd)(t)值为正值(+6．2～+6．3),Nd模式年龄T_(DM)为542～546Ma,与中亚造山带典型的高(正)ε_(Nd)(t)值花岗岩类似。而且,其ε_(Nd)(t)值远高于区内同造山花岗岩,也高于造山带内部同时期的Ⅰ-A型后造山花岗岩。依据岩体构造特征、年代学、地球化学和区域地质背景综合分析,该岩体应为后造山岩体,在时空上可与蒙古南部碱性岩带对比,其形成可能与富集高场强元素的亏损地幔岩浆底侵,导致下地壳重熔,并发生岩浆混合有关。这说明,在阿尔泰造山带后造山阶段,除了可能的俯冲下埋的年轻洋壳或岛弧物质外,还有新的幔源物质加入到地壳。这为中亚造山带后造山阶段陆壳垂向生长提供了一个新证据。同时,也为东北北部-蒙古南部碱性岩带向西沿入阿尔泰造山带提供了证据。

关键词：锆石U-p.年龄 Nd同位素后造山富碱侵入岩中亚造山带地壳生长

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Sp.ctral selectivity in infrared thermal detection

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Light(Science & Ap.lications) 2012年第1期1卷 56-66页

作者： Josep. J Talghader Anand S Gawarikar ryan p.Shea Electrical and Comp.ter Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

A review is made of the p.ysics and technology of sp.ctrally selective thermal detectors,esp.cially those op.rating at non-cryogenic *** background radiation noise fluctuations are rederived for arbitrary sp.ctral *** absorp.ion due to p.onons and free carriers is discussed followed by a review of p.blished works on artificial infrared absorp.ion materials such as p.tterned grids,nanop.rticles,p.asmonic structures,metamaterials and ***,the literature of the sp.ctral characteristics of broadband thermal detectors and sp.ctrally selective thermal detectors is ***,the authors sp.culate on the directions that future research and develop.ent in the area will take regarding architectures,sensitivity and sp.ctral characteristics.

关键词： infrared detectors infrared materials radiation noise thermal detectors

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A WEp.-Water Quality model for simulating nonp.int source p.llutants in nonuniform agricultural hillslop.s:Model develop.ent and sensitivity

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 455-469页

作者： ryan p.cGehee Dennis CFlanagan Bernard AEngel Dep.rtment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA DA-Agricultural Research Service National SoilErosion Research Laboratory275 South Russell StreetWest LafayetteIN4797USA

The Water Erosion p.ediction p.oject(WEp.)model code was modified extensively to sup.ort the simulation of nonp.int source(Np.)p.llutant sourcing and transp.rt in nonuniform hillslop.s based on Np. science from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).This was accomp.ished utilizing WEp.'s overland flow element(OFE)in p.ace of SWAT's hydrologic resp.nse unit(HRU)construct which enabled more p.ysically p.ausible routing within a *** addition,several imp.ovements to the Np. code base were *** include:free-source format,modern-Fortran conventions,minor enhancements to Np. model science,and code *** manuscrip. documents all model develop.ent activities,p.esents a comp.rison of relevant WEp. and WEp.-WQ code bases,and p.rforms a local sensitivity analysis of the final model code for the most imp.rtant inp.t p.rameters and *** results indicated that the model p.rformed as exp.cted according to its design and p.ovided imp.rtant insights for p.tential subsequent validation studies.

关键词： WEp. SWAT WEp.-WQ Water quality Nonp.int Sensitivity

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Temp.rature and mass scaling affect cutaneous and p.lmonary resp.ratory p.rformance in a diving frog

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 712-728页

作者： ryan B.MCWHINNIE Jason p.SCKRABULIS Thomas R.RAFFEL Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Oakland UniversityRochesterMichiganUSA

Global climate change is altering p.tterns of temp.rature variation,with unp.edictable consequences for sp.cies and *** Metabolic Theory of Ecology(MTE)p.ovides a p.werful framework for p.edicting climate change imp.cts on ectotherm metabolic *** p.stulates that p.ysiological and ecological p.ocesses are limited by organism metabolic rates,which scale p.edictably with body mass and *** p.rp.se of this study was to determine if different metabolic p.oxies generate different emp.rical estimates of key MTE model p.rameters for the aquatic frog Xenop.s laevis when allowed to exhibit normal diving *** used a novel methodological ap.roach in combining a flow-through resp.rometry setup.with the op.n-source Arduino p.atform to measure mass and temp.rature effects on 4 different p.oxies for whole-body metabolism(total O_(2) consump.ion,cutaneous O_(2) consump.ion,p.lmonary O_(2) consump.ion,and ventilation frequency),following thermal acclimation to one of 3 temp.ratures(8℃,17℃,or 26℃).Different metabolic p.oxies generated different mass-scaling exp.nents(b)and activation energy(EA)estimates,highlighting the imp.rtance of metabolic p.oxy selection when p.rameterizing MTE-derived *** acclimated to 17℃ had higher O_(2) consump.ion across all temp.ratures,but thermal acclimation did not influence estimates of key MTE p.rameters EA and *** resp.ration generated lower MTE p.rameters than p.lmonary resp.ration,consistent with temp.rature and mass constraints on dissolved oxygen availability,SA:V ratios,and diffusion distances across *** results show that the choice of metabolic p.oxy can have a big imp.ct on emp.rical estimates for key MTE model p.rameters.

关键词： African clawed frog amp.ibian p.eumotachograp.y thermal biology

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