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The impact of attractants on pocket gopher trapping

Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 472-478页

作者： Roger A. BALDWIN ryan meinerz Steve B. ORLOFF Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California-Davis Davis CA 95616 USA University of California Cooperative Extension 1655 South Main Street Yreka CA 96097 USA

Pocket gophers （Geomyidae） have an extensive impact on both natural and agricultural systems. Trapping is a tech- nique often used to sample and manage these populations. The identification of an attractant that increases capture rates of pocket gophers would greatly assist researchers and pest management professionals alike. Therefore, we tested the attractiveness of four attractants （peanut butter, anise, grapefruit attractant, and carrot） plus a control （no attractant） using uncovered and covered trap sets to determine what impact they have on visitation and capture rates of pocket gophers. We also determined how the impact of cover status and attractants differ across varying weights and gender of pocket gophers. We found no direct effect of any attracrant on visitation and capture rates of pocket gophers, nor on the gender of captured individuals. However, when no attractant was used, the mtmber of pocket gophers captured per 100 trap nights was greater when trap sets were uncovered vs. when covered, and capture rates were generally high and consistent when using peanut butter as an attractant. Additionally, we noted that covered trap sets that were baited with peanut butter yielded heavier pocket gopher captures than uncovered trap sets using this same attractant. This is key, given the difficulty associated with capturing older, more experienced individuals. Combined with data from a previous investigation, this suggests that there is no advantage to using any attractant when utilizing uncovered trap sets, but there is likely some benefit to using peanut butter in covered trap sets [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 472-478, 2014].

关键词： Attractant Demographics Pocket gopher Thomomys bottae Thomomys talpoides Trapping

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Normalized urban heat island (UHI) indicators: Classifying the temporal variation of UHI for building energy simulation (BES) applications

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Building Simulation 2023年第9期16卷 1645-1658页

作者： Manan Singh ryan Sharston Florida Institute for Built Environment Resilience(FIBER) College of DesignConstruction and PlanningUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32601USA

Despite known effects of urban heat island(UHI)on building energy consumption such as increased cooling energy demand,typical building energy simulation(BES)practices lack a standardized approach to incorporate UHI into building energy *** seasonal and diurnal variation of UHI makes the task of incorporating UHI into BES an especially challenging task,often limited by the availability of detailed hourly temperature data at building *** paper addresses the temporal variation of UHI by deriving four normalized UHI indicators that can successfully capture the seasonal and diurnal variation of *** accuracy of these indicators was established across four climate types including hot and humid(Miami,FL),hot and dry(Los Angeles,CA),cold and dry(Denver,CO),and cold and humid(Chicago,IL),and three building types including office,hospital,and *** four indicators are mean summer daytime UHI,mean summer nighttime UHI,mean winter daytime UHI,and mean winter nighttime UHI,which can accurately predict cooling,heating,and annual energy consumption with mean relative error of less than 1%.Not only do these indicators simplify the application of UHI to BES but also,they provide a new paradigm for UHI data collection,storage,and usage,specifically for the purpose of BES.

关键词： building energy simulation(BES) UHI indicators UHI temporal variation urban temperature variation

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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： ryan C. TAYLOR Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. ryan Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

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SUSTAINABLE GARDENING AND SERVICE LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF REDLANDS

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第2期10卷 64-78页

作者： William ryan Former Coordinator of Sustainable Gardening and Outreach for the Community Service Learning Office at the University of Redlands currently Garden Manager at the Golden Door Resort in San MarcosCA.

Founded in 2009,the Sustainable University of Redlands Farm(or SURF)is an ever-evolving campus farm that functions primarily as an outdoor *** farm is located on the University of Redlands campus in Redlands,*** site currently employs a single full-time farm manager,with all other requisite labor being provided by student employees or *** its short history,the farm has educated hundreds of students in sustainable living practices,provided count-less hours of community service outreach,and has hosted several high-profile environmentalists.

关键词： Organic Gardening Higher Education Sustainability Student Organizations Community Service

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Protein-mediated interactions in the dynamic regulation of acute inflammation

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BIOCELL 2023年第6期47卷 1191-1198页

作者： ryan STARK Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37232-9075USA

Protein-mediated interactions are the fundamental mechanism through which cells regulate health and *** interactions require physical contact between proteins and their respective targets of *** targets include not only other proteins but also nucleic acids and other important molecules as *** proteins are often involved in multibody complexes that work dynamically to regulate cellular health and *** techniques have been adapted to study these important interactions,such as affinity-based assays,mass spectrometry,and fluorescent *** application of these techniques has led to a greater understanding of how protein interactions are responsible for both the instigation and resolution of acute inflammatory *** pursuits aim to provide opportunities to target specific protein interactions to alleviate acute inflammation.

关键词： Protein interactions Inflammation Sepsis RNA DNA Therapeutics

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Advances in the hyperlens

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2618-2624页

作者： AGUINALDO ryan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093-0407 USA

As a superlens to overcome the well-known diffraction limit,the hyperlens has received much attention due to its super resolving power and magnifying *** this article,we review the recent developments,including theore... 详细信息

关键词：双曲衍射极限放大功能分辨能力镜片

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Using ground penetrating radar to assess the variability of snow water equivalent and melt in a mixed canopy forest, Northern Colorado

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 482-495页

作者： ryan W. WEBB Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0450 USA

Snow is an important environmental variable in headwater systems that controls hydrological processes such as streamflow, groundwater recharge, and evapotran- spiration. These processes will be affected by both the amount of snow available for melt and the rate at which it melts. Snow water equivalent （SWE） and snowmelt are known to vary within complex subalpine terrain due to terrain and canopy influences. This study assesses this variability during the melt season using ground penetrating radar to survey multiple plots in northwestern Colorado near a snow telemetry （SNOTEL） station. The plots include south aspect and flat aspect slopes with open, coniferous （subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa and engelman spruce, Picea engelmanii）, and deciduous （aspen, popu- lous tremuooides） canopy cover. Results show the high variability for both SWE and loss of SWE during spring snowmelt in 2014. The coefficient of variation for SWE tended to increase with time during snowmelt whereas loss of SWE remained similar. Correlation lengths for SWE were between two and five meters with melt having correlation lengths between two and four meters. The SNOTEL station regularly measured higher SWE values relative to the survey plots but was able to reasonably capture the overall mean loss of SWE during melt. Ground Penetrating Radar methods can improve future investiga- tions with the advantage of non-destructive sampling and the ability to estimate depth, density, and SWE.

关键词： headwaters snowmelt snow water equiva-lent ground penetrating rdar SNOTEL

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Nonlinear Control of Magnetically-geared Drive-trains

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2013年第4期10卷 319-326页

作者： ryan Montague Chris Bingham Department of Computer Science University of York School of Engineering University of Lincoln

The paper considers certain impedimental issues related to the use of magnetic gearbox and magnetic coupling technologies in high performance servo control systems. A prototype magnetic coupling is used as a basis for demonstrating that the underlying torque transfer characteristic is significantly nonlinear when transmitted torque approaches the maximum designed pull-out torque of the device. It is shown that linear controllers for speed control proportional plus integral （PI） and position control proportional plus derivative （PD） result in acceptable performance provided the magnetic coupling operates below 80 % of designed pull-out torque. To fully compensate for the inherent nonlinearity of the torque transfer characteristic, feedback linearizing control laws and state transformations are derived resulting in exactly linear input-output characteristic for position and speed control of magnetically-geared drive-trains. With the addition of state feedback, the closed-loop dynamics for both position and speed control of a magnetically-geared drive-train can be designed to satisfy the integral of time multiplied by absolute error （ITAE） optimized linear response for a step input. Outstanding results are demonstrated through simulation and experimental real-time implementation on a demonstrator magnetically-geared drive-train.

关键词： Magnetic gears magnetic couplings linear control nonlinear control feedback linearization.

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Climate change,coastal built heritage,and critical challenges facing the heritage law frameworks of the United States,United Kingdom,and France

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Built Heritage 2022年第1期6卷 42-54页

作者： ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law 85 Park PlaceAtlantaGA 30303USA

Climate change poses a particular threat to the world's unique built heritage-historic buildings,sites monuments,and *** preserving built heritage resources from climate change becomes a global priority,understanding the current inadequacies of legal frameworks designed to protect built heritage in coastal areas is *** by identifying and examining these shortfalls can countries create resilient legal policies and tools that better protect coastal built heritage from the immediate and long-term effects of climate *** on previous comparative cultural heritage law scholarship,this article describes the legal frameworks that the United States,United Kingdom,and France use to protect their respective built heritage in coastal areas and identifies two critical challengesfacing eachcountry.

关键词： Climate change Built heritage law Legal frameworks Challenges United States United Kingdom France

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Heat stress management in underground mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 651-655页

作者： ryan Anderson Euler De Souza K1 Mine Maintenance Mosaic Potash Esterhazy SOA2AO Canada Department of Mining Engineering Queen's University Kingston KTL3N6 Canada

Heat management must be maintained within the mine working environment to minimize stress on equipment and personnel. The issue is a growing concern as mines continue to expand in size, depth and infrastructure. Heat management is a concern as it relates to both heat sensitive equipment and more importantly the health and safety of the workers found within the mine. Proper application of engineering protocols and work practice controls will have a direct impact on the health and safety of workers and increased productivity. Using continuous monitoring stations placed in strategic locations throughout the mine to capture the environmental conditions, various strategies can be used in the planning and prevention of potential hazard exposure. Economic analysis is used to select the most feasible strategy for heat stress control. This paper presents a step by step methodology that may be considered by ventilation specialists to effectively implement a heat management control system. A case study based on a detailed heat management assessment conducted for a potash mine in Saskatchewan, Canada is presented.

关键词： Heat Management Enthalpy Mine Environment monitoring

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