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Management of gestational diabetes mellitus via nutritional interventions:The relevance of gastric emptying

World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1394-1397页

作者： Wei-Kun Huang ryan J Jalleh Christopher K Rayner Tong-Zhi Wu Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000Australia Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)represents one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy and is important to the well-being of both mothers and offspring in the short and long *** intervention remains the mainstay for the management of *** efficacy of nutritional approaches(*** restriction and small frequent meals)to improving the maternal-neonatal outcomes of GDM was attested to by Chinese population data,discussed in two articles in recent issues of this ***,a specific focus on the relevance of postprandial glycaemic control was *** rather than fasting hyperglycaemia often represents the predominant manifestation of disordered glucose homeostasis in Chinese women with *** is now increasing appreciation that the rate of gastric emptying,which controls the delivery of nutrients for digestion and absorption in the small intestine,is a key determinant of postprandial glycaemia in both health,type 1 and 2 *** remains to be established whether gastric emptying is abnormally rapid in GDM,particularly among Chinese women,thus contributing to a predisposition to postprandial hyperglycaemia,and if so,how this influences the therapeutic response to nutritional *** is essential that we understand the role of gastric emptying in the regulation of postprandial glycaemia during pregnancy and the potential for its modulation by nutritional strategies in order to improve postprandial glycaemic control in GDM.

关键词： Gastric emptying Postprandial glycaemia Diet Nutritional interventions Gestational diabetes mellitus

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Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam J.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

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Parallel intelligent education with ChatGPT

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 12-18页

作者： Jiacun WANG Ying TANG ryan HARE Fei-Yue WANG Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Monmouth UniversityNew Jersey 07764USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan UniversityNew Jersey 08028USA Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This paper presents a framework for parallel intelligent education that involves physical and virtual learning for a personalized learning *** especially focus on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)owing to its considerable potential to supplement regular class *** address the strengths and weaknesses of learning with ***,we discuss the challenges and solutions of the proposed parallel intelligent education with ChatGPT.

关键词： education GPT intelligent

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Childhood opportunity and appropriate use of child safety restraints in motor vehicle collisions

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 142-149页

作者： Stephanie Y Chen Iris Garcia Shadassa Ourshalimian Chantel Lowery Pradip P Chaudhari ryan G Spurrier Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Injury Prevention Program Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Emergency and Transport Medicine Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Pediatrics University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Surgery University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Objectives Safety restraints reduce injuries from motor vehicle collisions(MVCs)but are often improperly applied or not *** Childhood Opportunity Index(COI)reflects social determinants of health and its study in pediatric trauma is *** hypothesized that MVC patients from low-opportunity neighborhoods are less likely to be appropriately *** A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on children/adolescents≤18 years old in MVCs between January 1,2011 and December 31,*** were identified from the Children's Hospital Los Angeles trauma *** outcome was safety restraint use(appropriately restrained,not appropriately restrained).COI levels by home zip codes were stratified as very low,low,moderate,high,and very *** regression controlling for age identified factors associated with safety restraint *** Of 337 patients,73.9%were appropriately restrained and 26.1%were not appropriately *** with appropriately restrained patients,more not appropriately restrained patients were from low-COI(26.1%vs 20.9%),high-COI(14.8%vs 10.8%)and very high-COI(10.2%vs 3.6%)*** analysis demonstrated no significant associations in appropriate restraint use and *** was a non-significant trend that children/adolescents from moderate-COI neighborhoods were more likely than those from very low-COI neighborhoods to be appropriately restrained(OR=1.82,95%CI 0.78,4.28).Conclusion Injury prevention initiatives focused on safety restraints should target families of children from all neighborhood types.

关键词： MVC restrained neighborhood

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Temporally Preserving Latent Variable Models:Offline and Online Training for Reconstruction and Interpretation of Fault Data for Gearbox Condition Monitoring

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Journal of Dynamics, Monitoring and Diagnostics 2024年第2期3卷 156-177页

作者： ryan Balshaw P.Stephan Heyns Daniel N.Wilke Stephan Schmidt Center for Asset Integrity Management Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

Latent variable models can effectively determine the condition of essential rotating machinery without needing labeled *** models analyze vibration data via an unsupervised learning *** preservation is necessary to obtain an informative latent manifold for the fault diagnosis *** a temporalpreserving context,two approaches exist to develop a condition-monitoring methodology:offline and *** latent variable models,the available training modes are not *** many traditional methods use offline training,online training can dynamically adjust the latent manifold,possibly leading to better fault signature extraction from the vibration *** study explores online training using temporal-preserving latent variable *** online training,there are two main methods:one focuses on reconstructing data and the other on interpreting the data *** are considered to evaluate how they diagnose faults over *** two experimental datasets,the study confirms that models from both training modes can detect changes in machinery health and identify faults even under varying ***,the complementarity of offline and online models is emphasized,reassuring their versatility in fault *** the implications of the training approach and the available model formulations is crucial for further research in latent variable modelbased fault diagnostics.

关键词： Condition monitoring unsupervised learning latent variable models temporal preservation training approaches

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Increase in Organochlorine Contaminant Levels in Major Water Sources of the United States in Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 111-143页

作者： Wendy Wilburn Sujata Guha ryan Beni Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Organochlorine contaminants, such as triclosan (TCS), are present in major water sources across the United States. These antimicrobial compounds are widely used as multipurpose ingredients in everyday consumer products. They can be ingested or absorbed through the skin and are found in human blood, breast milk, and urine samples. Studies have shown that the increased use of antimicrobial agents leads to their presence and persistence in the ecosystem, particularly in soil and watersheds. Many studies have highlighted emerging concerns associated with the overuse of TCS, including dermal irritations, a higher incidence of antibacterial-related allergies, microbial resistance, disruptions in the endocrine system, altered thyroid hormone activity, metabolism, and tumor metastasis and growth. Organochlorine contaminant exposures play a role in inflammatory responsiveness, and any unwarranted innate response could lead to adverse outcomes. The capacity of TCS and other organochlorine contaminants to induce inflammation, resulting in persistent and chronic inflammation, is linked to various pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease and several types of cancers. Chronic inflammation presents a severe consequence of exposure to these antimicrobial agents, as any changes could result in the loss of immune competence. Organochlorine contaminant levels were established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2019-2020 and have consistently increased in response to the novel coronavirus (nCoV) (COVID-19) pandemic. Our previous research examined the overuse of products containing triclosan (TCS), which led to an increase in total trihalomethane (TTHM) levels affecting the quality of our water supply. We also investigated the impact of the FDA ban that now requires pre-market approval. To comprehend the consequences of excessive antimicrobial use on water quality, we conducted an analysis of the levels of total trichloromethane (chloroform), a byproduct of

关键词： Organochlorine Contaminants Triclosan Trihalomethane Chloroform Water Quality

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Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary time in outpatients with an acquired brain injury

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 338-343页

作者： Liam P.Pellerine Katerina Miller ryan J.Frayne Myles W.O'Brien Division of Kinesiology School of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Acquired Brain Injury NeuroCommons Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada School of Physiotherapy(Faculty of Health)&Department of Medicine(Faculty of Medicine) Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Geriatric Medicine Research Dalhousie University&Nova Scotia HealthHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Centre de Formation Medicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick New Brunswick&Department of MedicineUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

Outpatients with an acquired brain injury(ABI)experience physical,mental,and social *** can be classified into two subgroups based on mechanism of injury:mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI;e.g.,concussion)and other ABI(e.g.,stroke,brain aneurysm,encephalitis).Our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is limited because they are often collected using self-report *** purpose of this study was to,1)describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report monitoring,and 2)compare the activity levels of outpatients with mTBI *** *** outpatients with other ABI(mean±standard deviation:[58±13]years,9 females)and 12 outpatients with mTBI([48±11]years,9 females)wore a thigh-worn activPAL 24 h/day(h/day)for *** with ABI averaged(6.0±2.3)h/day of upright time,(10.6±2.2)h/day of sedentary time,(5.6±2.7)h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts>1 h,(5960±3037)steps/day,and(11±13)minutes/day(min/day)of moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).There were no differences between activPAL-derived upright,sedentary,prolonged sedentary time,and physical activity between the mTBI and other ABI groups(all,p>0.31).Outpatients with ABI overestimated their MVPA levels(t138 min/week)and underestimated sedentary time(-4.3 h/day)compared to self-report(all,p<0.001).Despite self-reporting high activity levels,outpatients with ABI objectively exhibit highly inactive and sedentary *** habitual movement behaviours of our sample did not differ by mechanism of injury(i.e.,mTBI versus other ABI).Targeting reductions in objectively measured sedentary time are needed to progressively improve the habitual movement behaviours of outpatients with ABI.

关键词： Accelerometry Stroke Brain aneurysm Encephalitis Mild traumatic brain injury Rehabilitation

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Interleukin-10 suppresses lipid metabolism-mediated intestinal inflammation

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 3-5页

作者： Tristram A.J.ryan Ivan Zanoni Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

In a recent paper published in Nature,York et *** that the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-10 regulates sphingolipid metabolism to limit NF-κB-mediated *** of Il10 in mice,or genetic mutation of IL10 in humans,predisposes to inflammatory bowel disease,which may be overcome by restoring homeostatic sphingolipid metabolism.

关键词： metabolism inflammation

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Subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 230-237页

作者： Christine Jiang Wu Colin Penrose Sean Patrick ryan Michael Paul Bolognesi Thorsten Markus Seyler Samuel Secord Wellman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Midwest Center for Joint ReplacementIndianapolisIN 46241United States

BACKGROUND With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource *** degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple *** To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second *** The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were *** demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second *** metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOS),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(ED)*** A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were *** was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 *** THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(P<0.001).THA patients had significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second ***,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or ED visits(P=0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second *** may

关键词： Staged total joint arthroplasty Asynchronous total joint arthroplasty Subsequent total joint arthroplasty Contralateral total joint arthroplasty Perioperative outcomes

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