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The Role of the p38 Pathway in Adaptive Immunity

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第4期4卷 253-259页

作者： ryan cook Chia-Cheng Wu Young Jun Kang Department of Immunology The Scripps Research Institute10550 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA

Since its discovery in 1993, the mitogen-activated protein （MAP） kinase p38 has attracted much attention for its role in a wide range of cellular processes, many of which involve the immune system. Although p38 has been heavily implicated in the function of all type immune cells, research has tended focus on its role in innate immunity. In this review we attempt to highlight some of the major discoveries that have been made regarding p38＇s role in adaptive immunity, and also to discuss the possible future implications of these discoveries.

关键词： p38 MAPK adaptive immunity T cell B cell

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Assessment of the Neurological Activation in Law Enforcement under High Threat Situations: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第1期13卷 67-89页

作者： Daniel Fonseca Isaac Heim Rick Houser ryan cook John O’Donnell Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA Department of Educational Studies in Psychology Research Methodology and Counseling The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA

This paper discusses a law enforcement officer (LEO) study that involved expert and novice police deputies from a small-sized city located in the Southern U.S. A virtual reality range was utilized to simulate high threat scenarios that require split second decisions on the use of deadly force. A fuzzy-logic based controller was constructed to analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected from the participants. The fuzzy controller made use of several functions associated with the different regions of the brain to correlate Brodmann areas to multiple outputs. Electromagnetic Tomography (i.e. LORETA) was used to identify where the signals from the surface electrodes originated within the brain through a process called source localization. Once the sources of the EEG signals were located, they were associated with corresponding Brodmann areas. The fuzzy controller then provided insights on the subjects’ exhibited neural activation behavior indicative of vision, memory, shape/distance, hearing/sound, and theory of mind. Comparing and contrasting experienced and novice officers allowed for a greater understanding of the neurological processes present in police deputies when dealing with high threat situations.

关键词： Neurological Activation EEG Fuzzy Controller Brain Electromagnetic Tomography

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Baseline effects of lysophosphatidylcholine and nerve growth factor in a rat model of sciatic nerve regeneration after crush injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 846-853页

作者： ryan L.Wood Keaton S.Karlinsey Austin D.Thompson Mark N.Rigby Greggory D.Boatright William G.Pitt Beverly L.Roeder Scott C.Steffensen Alonzo D.cook Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young University Neuroscience Center Brigham Young University Department of Biology Brigham Young University Department of Psychology Brigham Young University

Schwann cells play a major role in helping heal injured nerves. They help clear debris, produce neurotrophins, upregulate neurotrophin receptors, and form bands of Büngner to guide the healing nerve. But nerves do not always produce enough neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors to repair themselves. Nerve growth factor（NGF） is an important neurotrophin for promoting nerve healing and lysophosphatidylcholine（LPC） has been shown to stimulate NGF receptors（NGFR）. This study tested the administration of a single intraneural injection of LPC（1 mg/mL for single LPC injection and 10 mg/mL for multiple LPC injections） at day 0 and one（day 7）, two（days 5 and 7）, or three（days 5, 7, and 9） injections of NGF（160 ng/mL for single injections and 80 ng/mL for multiple injections） to determine baseline effects on crush ed sciatic nerves in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups： control, crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF. The healing of the nerves was measured weekly by monitoring gait; electrophysiological parameters： compound muscle action potential（CMAP） amplitudes; and morphological parameters： total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, fiber packing, and mean g-ratio values at weeks 3 and 6. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups statistically differed from the control group for all six weeks for the electrophysiological parameters but only differed from the control group at week 3 for the morphological parameters. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups did not differ from each other over the course of the study. Single injections of LPC and NGF one week apart or multiple treatments of NGF at 5, 7 and 9 days post-injury did not alter the healing rate of the sciatic nerves during weeks 1-6 of the study. These findings are important to define the baseline effects of NGF and LPC injections, as part of a larger effort to determine the minimal dose regimen of NGF to regenerate peripheral nerves.

关键词： lysophosphatidylcholine neurotrophic factor growth factor sciatic nerve crush peripheral nerve regeneration

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血脂异常和心血管疾病风险

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第4期22卷 238-241页

作者： Aidan ryan Simon Heath Paul cook 赵映璇 Metabolic medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK. Hazelwood Group Practice Warwickshire UK Department of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK 郑州大学第二附属医院心内一科

一名40岁男性患者,长期服用利培酮和舍曲林治疗精神病性抑郁症,他每年都要至全科医生处进行年度抗精神病药物监测。他最近一次的血液检查显示总胆固醇6.0,低密度脂蛋白(计算法)(LDLc)3.8,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)0.8,非HDL 5.2 mmol/L,甘油三... 详细信息

一名40岁男性患者,长期服用利培酮和舍曲林治疗精神病性抑郁症,他每年都要至全科医生处进行年度抗精神病药物监测。他最近一次的血液检查显示总胆固醇6.0,低密度脂蛋白(计算法)(LDLc)3.8,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)0.8,非HDL 5.2 mmol/L,甘油三酯3.0 mmol/L;其他血液检查指标均在参考范围内。

关键词：疾病风险血脂异常心血管精神病性抑郁症低密度脂蛋白高密度脂蛋白血液检查男性患者

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The past,present,and future of single-port urology?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 648-648页

作者： Luca A Morgantini Simone Crivellaro ryan W Dobbs Department of Urology University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Division of Urology Cook County Health and Hospitals SystemChicagoIL 60612USA

In this manuscript,Ju et al.1 sought to compare short-term perioperative outcomes between extraperitoneal robotic single-port radical prostatectomy(epR-spRP)and extraperitoneal robotic multiport radical prostatectomy(epR-mpRP)utilizing a multi-channel laparoscopic port and the da Vinci Si robotic platform.In this comparison,several potential advantages of single-site surgery including median hospital stay,pain scores,and surgical scar cosmesis favored the spRP arm.While this study represents a relatively small sample size in both cohorts,the authors should be commended for a novel approach to executing a single-site robotic prostatectomy without the availability of the da Vinci Si platform.

关键词： utilizing platform. robotic

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蒂姆·库克——接住“苹果”的人

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英语画刊(高中版) 2014年第8期 3-5页

作者： ryan Tate

乔布斯曾经说过:"蒂姆·库克是我招来的最好的员工。"而后,首席运营官库克,这位行事低调但雷厉风行的幕后天才,也顺理成章地成为了苹果公司新掌门人。Tim cook has become one of the most recognizable names in the business world ov... 详细信息

乔布斯曾经说过:"蒂姆·库克是我招来的最好的员工。"而后,首席运营官库克,这位行事低调但雷厉风行的幕后天才,也顺理成章地成为了苹果公司新掌门人。Tim cook has become one of the most recognizable names in the business world over the past few yearswhen he succeeded(继任)Steve Jobs in the role of CEO of Apple Inc.

关键词：库克 over 蒂姆

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