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Single low-dose lipopolysaccharide preconditioning:neuroprotective against axonal injury and modulates glial cells

Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2017年第1期4卷 6-15页

作者： ryan c.turner Zachary J.Naser Brandon P.Lucke-Wold Aric F.Logsdon Reyna L.Vangilder Rae R.Matsumoto Jason D.Huber charles L.Rosen Department of Neurosurgery West Virginia UniversitySchool of MedicineMorgantownWV26506USA center for Neuroscience West Virginia UniversitySchool of MedicineMorgantownWV 26506USA Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences West Virginia UniversitySchool of PharmacyMorgantownWV 26506USA center for Health Restoration West Virginia UniversitySchool of NursingMorgantownWV 26506USA

Aim:Over 7 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are reported each year in the United ***,treatments and neuroprotection following TBI are limited because secondary injury cascades are poorly *** (LPS) administration before controlled cortical impact can contribute to ***,the underlying mechanisms and whether LPS preconditioning confers neuroprotection against closed-head injuries remains ***:The authors hypothesized that preconditioning with a low dose of LPS (0.2 mg/kg) would regulate glial reactivity and protect against diffuse axonal injury induced by weight *** was administered 7 days prior to *** administration reduced locomotion,which recovered completely by time of ***:LPS preconditioning significantly reduced the post-injury gliosis response near the corpus callosum,possibly by downregulating the oncostatin M *** novel findings demonstrate a protective role of LPS preconditioning against diffuse axonal *** preconditioning successfully prevented neurodegeneration near the corpus callosum,as measured by fluorojade ***:Further work is required to elucidate whether LPS preconditioning confers long-term protection against behavioral deficits and to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms responsible for LPS-induced neuroprotective effects.

关键词： Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning oncostatin M receptor diffuse axonal injury gliosis neuroprotection

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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

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current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： ryan c. TAYLOR Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. ryan Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

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An Arabidopsis Lipid Flippase Is Required for Timely Recruitment of Defenses to the Host- Pathogen Interface at the Plant cell Surface

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 805-820页

作者： William Underwood Andrew ryan Shauna c. Somerville Energy Biosciences Institute Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of california Berkeley CA 94720 USA USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research center Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit Fargo ND 58102-2765 USA Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego CA 92161 USA

Deposition of cell wall-reinforcing papillae is an integral component of the plant immune response. TheArabidopsis PENETRATION 3 （PEN3） ATP binding cassette （ABc） transporter plays a role in defense against numerous pathogens and is recruited to sites of pathogen detection where it accumulates within papillae. However, the trafficking pathways and regulatory mechanisms contributing to recruitment of PEN3 and other defenses to the host-pathogen interface are poorly understood. Here, we report a confocal microscopy-based screen to identify mutants with altered localization of PEN3-GFP after inoculation with powdery mildew fungi. We identified a mutant, aberrant localization of PEN3 3 （alp3）, displaying accumulation of the normally plasma membrane （PM）-Iocalized PEN3-GFP in endomembrane compartments. The mutant was found to be disrupted in the P4-ATPase AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE 3 （ALA3）, a lipid flippase that plays a critical role in vesicle formation. We provide evidence that PEN3 undergoes continuous endocytic cycling from the PM to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. In alp3, PEN3 accumulates in the TGN, causing delays in recruitment to the host-pathogen interface. Our results indicate that PEN3 and other defense proteins continuously cycle through the TGN and that timely exit of these proteins from the TGN is critical for effective pre-invasive immune responses against powdery mildews.

关键词： plant-microbe interactions defense responses protein traffic and secretion macromolecular trafficking papilla ABc transporter

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Behavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog

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current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 333-341页

作者： ryan c.TAYLOR Karin AKRE Walter WILcZYNSKI Michael J.ryan Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama Neuroscience Institute and center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA

Vocalizations play a critical role in mate recognition and mate choice in a number of taxa, especially, but not limited to, orthopterans, frogs, and birds. But receivers can only recognize and prefer sounds that they can hear. Thus a fundamental question linking neurobiology and sexual selection asks-what is the threshold for detecting acoustic sexual displays? In this study, we use 3 methods to assess such thresholds in tdngara frogs: behavioral responses, auditory brainstem responsesz and multi unit electrophysiological recordi ngs from the *** show that thresholds are lowest for multiunit recordings (ca. 45 dB SPL), and then for behavioral responses (ca. 61 dB SPL), with auditory brainstem responses exhibiting the highest thresholds (ca. 71 dB SPL). We discuss why these estimates differ and why, as with other studies, it is unlikely that they should be the same. Although all of these studies estimate thresholds they are not measuring the same thresholds;behavioral thresholds are based on signal salienee whereas the 2 neural assays estimate physiological thresholds. All 3 estimates, however, make it clear that to have an appreciation for detection and salienee of acoustic signals we must listen to those signals through the ears of the receivers.

关键词： anurans auditory brainstem responses auditory thresholds mate choice Physalaemus pustulosus signal recog nition thresholds sexual selection tungara frogs vocalizations

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Efficient HIV-1 in vitro reverse transcription: optimal capsid stability is required

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 195-196页

作者： ryan c.Burdick Vinay K.Pathak Viral Mutation Section HIV Dynamics and Replication ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMD 21702USA

Recently,christensen et *** HIV-1 reverse transcription and integration in a cell-free system and found that viral double-stranded DNA that is capable of integration into a target plasmid DNA was efficiently synthesized within viral cores,indicating that the capsid protein shell plays an important role in viral genome replication.1 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase(RT)copies the viral genomic RNA into a double-stranded DNA,and HIV-1 integrase(IN)inserts the viral DNA into the host genome to form a *** RT and IN have been successfully targeted with potent antiretroviral drugs to inhibit these enzymes and treat patients infected with HIV-1,the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).Despite decades of research,the molecular mechanisms of reverse transcription and integration in vivo are not fully characterized,in part because cell-free assays that efficiently and faithfully recapitulate the processes in the context of a virion have not been available。

关键词： al. drugs optimal

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cretaceous Hitchhikers:a Possible Phoretic Association between a Pseudoscorpion and Bird in Burmese Amber

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2434-2435页

作者： XING Lida ryan c.McKELLAR. GAO Zhizhong State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resourees China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Royal Saskatchewan Museum ReginaSaskatchewan S4P 4W7Canada Biology Department University of ReginaReginaSaskatchewan S4S OA2Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of KansasLawrenceKansas66405USA Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers UniversityXinzhou 034000ShanxiChina

Objective Phoresy represents a non-parasitic association between animals of different taxa related to transportation. Members of several pseudoscorpion families are phoretic. In pseudoscorpions, phoresy may or may not be associated with their predatory behavior, enabling dispersal over larger distances than they could manage with their own short legs. This provides a wide distribution, and a potential food supply.

关键词： cretaceous Hitchhikers a Possible Phoretic Association between a Pseudoscorpion and Bird in Burmese Amber DIP

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A WEPp-Water Quality model for simulating nonpoint source pollutants in nonuniform agricultural hillslopes:Model development and sensitivity

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 455-469页

作者： ryan PMcGehee Dennis cFlanagan Bernard AEngel Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA DA-Agricultural Research Service National SoilErosion Research Laboratory275 South Russell StreetWest LafayetteIN4797USA

The Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model code was modified extensively to support the simulation of nonpoint source(NPS)pollutant sourcing and transport in nonuniform hillslopes based on NPS science from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).This was accomplished utilizing WEPP's overland flow element(OFE)in place of SWAT's hydrologic response unit(HRU)construct which enabled more physically plausible routing within a *** addition,several improvements to the NPS code base were *** include:free-source format,modern-Fortran conventions,minor enhancements to NPS model science,and code *** manuscript documents all model development activities,presents a comparison of relevant WEPP and WEPP-WQ code bases,and performs a local sensitivity analysis of the final model code for the most important input parameters and *** results indicated that the model performed as expected according to its design and provided important insights for potential subsequent validation studies.

关键词： WEPP SWAT WEPP-WQ Water quality Nonpoint Sensitivity

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Ground control monitoring of retreat room–and–pillar mine in central Appalachia

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 65-69页

作者： Erik c.Westman ryan J.Molka William J.conrad Mining and Minerals Engineering Department Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

In order to study pillar and overburden response to retreat mining, a ground control program was conducted at a central Appalachian Mine. The program consisted of several monitoring methods including a seismic monitoring system, borehole pressure cells in the pillars, and time-lapse photogrammetry of the pillar ribs. Two parallel geophone arrays were installed, one on each side of the panel with the sensors mounted 3 m into the roof. A total of fourteen geophones recorded more than 5000 events during the panel retreat. A MIDAS datalogger was used to record pressure from borehole pressure cells(BPcs)located in two adjacent pillars that were not mined during retreat. A series of photographs were taken of the pillars that had the BPcs as the face approached so that deformation of the entire rib could be monitored using photogrammetry. Results showed that pillar stability and cave development were as expected. The BPcs showed an increase in loading when the face was 115 m inby and a clear onset of the forward abutment at 30 m. The photogrammetry results displayed pillar deformation corresponding to the increased loading. The microseismic monitoring results showed the overburden caving inby the face, again as expected. The significance of these results lies in two points,(1) we can quantify the safe manner in which this mine is conducting retreating operations, and(2) we can use volumetric technologies(photogrammetry and microseismic) to monitor entire volumes of the mine in addition to the traditional point-location geotechnical measurements(BPcs).

关键词： Retreat mining Stress measurement Microseismic monitoring Pillar stability

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Ornamental feathers in cretaceous Burmese amber:resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第1期8卷 1-18页

作者： Lida Xing Pierre cockx ryan c.McKellar Jingmai O’connor State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Royal Saskatchewan Museum Biology Department University of Regina Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Institute ofVertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over the last 20 years, compression fossils of feathers surrounding dinosaurs have greatly expanded our understanding of the origin and evolution of feathers. One of the most peculiar feather morphotypes discovered to date are rachis dominated feathers(RDFs), which have also been referred to as proximally ribbon-like pennaceous feathers(PRPFs). These elongate feathers are only found in the tail plumage, typically occurring in pairs with both streamer(not proximally ribbon-like) and racket-plume morphologies recognized. Here we describe a large sample set of isolated and paired RDFs from Upper cretaceous Burmese amber(～ 99 Ma). Amber preserves the finest details of these fragile structures in three dimensions, demonstrating that RDFs form a distinct feather morphotype with a ventrally open rachis, and with significant variability in pigmentation, microstructure, and symmetry.

关键词： Enantiornithes confuciusornithiformes Fossil feather Myanmar Ornamental feather

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The significance of clinical practice guidelines on adult varicocele detection and management

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 269-275,J0006,J0007页

作者： Anand Shridharani ryan c Owen Osama O Elkelany Edward D Kim Department of Urology University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga TN 37403 USA Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine Knoxville TN 37920 USA.

Varicoceles are the most common correctable etiology of male factor infertility. However, the detection and management of varicoceles have not been standardized. This has led to decades of debate regarding the effect of varicocele on male infertility and subsequently whether repair leads to an improved fertility status. The current body of evidence investigating the role of varicocele and varicocelectomy is weak and conflicting. The stance taken by the AUA and ASRM suggests that there is insufficient outcomes data to support evidenced-based guidelines, citing evidence used to provide current recommendations are generally of a low quality level. On the other hand, the EAU Guidelines give a level la of evidence for management of varicoceles that are clinically palpable, associated with subnormal semen analyses and having otherwise unexplained fertility. Besides aiding with clinical varicocele detection and management, clinical practice opinion statements and guidelines aim to direct and strengthen the infrastructure of future studies. We review the current status of opinion statements and guidelines in varicocele and management detection with focus on their application in practice.

关键词： guidelines varicocele varicocele detection varicocele management varicocelectomy

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