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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： ryan C. TAYLOR Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. ryan Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogsHyla squirellaand female túngara frogsPhysalaemus pustulosusfor similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female túngara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词：多式联运不确定信息信号相互作用视觉刺激信息内容吸引力通讯系统

糖尿病患者足溃疡减压指南(2023年更新版)——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防与管理指南(2023)》的一部分

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感染、炎症、修复 2024年第1期25卷 1-22页

作者： Sicco A.Bus David G.Armstrong ryan T.Crews Catherine Gooday Gustav Jarl Klaus Kirketerp-Moller Vijay Viswanathan Peter A.Lazzarini on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot 陈燕刘斌张晓诗邓武权(译) 王爱萍许樟荣(审校) Amsterdam UMC University of AmsterdamDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam Movement Sciences program Rehabilitation&DevelopmentAmsterdamthe Netherlands Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance(SALSA) Department of SurgeryKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern California(USC)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Dr.William M.Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine's Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research(CLEAR)at Rosalind Franklin University North ChicagoIllinoisUSA Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre Norfolk and Norwich University HospitalsNorwichUK Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden University Health Care Research Center Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden Copenhagen Wound Healing Center Bispebjerg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenDenmark MV Hospital for Diabetes ChennaiIndia School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Allied Health Research Collaborative The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneAustralia 不详重庆大学附属中心医院重庆400014 东部战区空军医院糖尿病足中心江苏南京210002 战略支援部队特色医学中心北京100101

减轻组织的机械性压力在治愈糖尿病相关的足溃疡所需的多种干预措施中最为重要。本文是2023年国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)发布的减压治疗促进糖尿病相关的足溃疡愈合的循证指南,也是对2019年IWGDF指南的更新。我们遵循推荐、评估、发展... 详细信息

减轻组织的机械性压力在治愈糖尿病相关的足溃疡所需的多种干预措施中最为重要。本文是2023年国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)发布的减压治疗促进糖尿病相关的足溃疡愈合的循证指南,也是对2019年IWGDF指南的更新。我们遵循推荐、评估、发展和评价分级(GRADE)方法学,以患者-干预-比较-结局(patient-intervention-control-outcome,PICO)模式设计临床问题和重要结果,进行系统评价和Meta分析,制定评判表汇总,为每个问题编写推荐和理由。每项推荐都是基于系统综述中发现的证据,在无证据情况下则采用专家意见,以及对判断项目的GRADE等级总结进行仔细权衡,包括可预期和不可预期的影响、证据的确定性、患者价值、所需资源、成本效益、公平性、可行性和可接受性。为了治愈糖尿病患者神经性前足底或中足底溃疡,要使用不可拆卸的齐膝高减压装置作为首选减压干预措施。如果患者存在对不可拆卸减压装置的禁忌证或不能耐受,考虑使用可拆卸齐膝(或踝)高减压装置作为减压干预措施的第二选择。如果无可用的减压装置,考虑使用合适的鞋具结合毡制泡沫作为减压干预措施的第三选择。如果这种非手术减压治疗不能治愈前足底溃疡,可以考虑跟腱延长术、跖骨头切除术、关节置换术或跖骨截骨术。为了治疗继发于屈趾畸形的神经性足底或小趾远端溃疡,可行趾屈肌腱切开术。为了促进后足、非足底或并发感染或缺血的溃疡的愈合,提出了进一步的推荐。所有推荐都已在减压临床路径中进行了总结,以帮助促进本指南在临床实践中的实施。这些减压推荐将帮助医务人员为糖尿病相关的足溃疡患者提供最佳的治疗和预后,降低患者感染、住院和截肢的风险。

关键词：糖尿病足溃疡减压减压装置指南国际糖尿病足工作组

An updated isoerodent map of the conterminous United States

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 1-16页

作者： ryan P.McGehee Dennis C.Flanagan Puneet Srivastava Bernard A.Engel Chi-Hua Huang Mark A.Nearing Purdue University Agricultural and Biological Engineering225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 S Russell StWest LafayetteIN47907USA University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment StationSymons Hall7998 Regents DriveCollege ParkMD20742-3131USA Purdue University Agricultural Administration Building615 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN47907-2053USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceNational Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 S Russell StWest LafayetteIN47907USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85719USA

Maps of erosivity,which are also commonly referred to as isoerodent maps,have played a critical role in soil conservation efforts in the United States and around the *** available erosivity maps for the United States are either outdated,conflict with erosivity benchmarking studies,or utilized less advanced spatial mapping ***,it is possible that the same underlying issues with US maps are impacting global maps as *** this study,we used more than 340015-min,fixed-interval precipitation gauges to update the isoerodent map of the conterminous United *** values were interpolated using universal kriging under several spatial model configurations and *** optimal spatial model was selected based on which result had the lowest sample variogram ***,erosivity,and erosivity density maps were compared to existing *** average annual and annual erosivity results were compared to high-quality erosivity benchmarking *** values from both RUSLE2 and Panagos et al.(2017)were generally lower in the eastern United States and mixed in the western United States compared to our *** effects resulted in much greater erosivity differences in this study as compared to prior *** comparisons revealed that erosivity maps from this study and others were lower than the benchmark by 14%or more(up to 38%).These findings suggest current practices of storm omission and intensity dampening correction need to be revisited,especially in locations with relatively low-to-moderate rainfall erosivity such as the Midwest or Northeast United States,for example.

关键词： Erosion index Erosivity United States USLE RUSLE2 Soil loss

Advances in the hyperlens

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2618-2624页

作者： AGUINALDO ryan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093-0407 USA

As a superlens to overcome the well-known diffraction limit,the hyperlens has received much attention due to its super resolving power and magnifying *** this article,we review the recent developments,including theore... 详细信息

关键词：双曲衍射极限放大功能分辨能力镜片

Calibration after bootstrap for accurate uncertainty quantification in regression models

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1092-1100页

作者： Glenn Palmer Siqi Du Alexander Politowicz Joshua Paul Emory Xiyu Yang Anupraas Gautam Grishma Gupta Zhelong Li ryan Jacobs Dane Morgan Department of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Obtaining accurate estimates of machine learning model uncertainties on newly predicted data is essential for understanding the accuracy of the model and whether its predictions can be trusted.A common approach to such uncertainty quantification is to estimate the variance from an ensemble of models,which are often generated by the generally applicable bootstrap *** this work,we demonstrate that the direct bootstrap ensemble standard deviation is not an accurate estimate of uncertainty but that it can be simply calibrated to dramatically improve its *** demonstrate the effectiveness of this calibration method for both synthetic data and numerous physical datasets from the field of Materials Science and *** approach is motivated by applications in physical and biological science but is quite general and should be applicable for uncertainty quantification in a wide range of machine learning regression models.

关键词： ensemble applicable uncertainty

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein positive optic neuropathies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第7期15卷 1095-1107页

作者： Patrick Murtagh Amy Coman Kirk Stephenson Maria Gaughan David ryan Graeme McNeill Christopher McGuigan Lorraine Cassidy Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Adelaide RoadDublin 2D02 XK51Republic of Ireland St Vincent’s University Hospital Elm ParkDublin 4D04 N2E0Republic of Ireland

AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics and treatments associated with antibody positive optic neuropathies including anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG) and anti-aquaporin 4(AQP4), alongside diagnostic modalities, investigations, and outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional single-centre retrospective case series consisting of 16 patients including 12 antiMOG positive patients and 4 anti-AQP4 positive patients. Each of these patients had clinical signs and symptoms of optic neuritis and consisted of all patients who had a positive blood antibody result in our centre. Clinical findings including presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect, colour vision and disc assessment were recorded. Structured clinical exam and multimodal imaging was undertaken sequentially on each. Optical coherence tomography(OCT) scanning was preformed to examine the correlation between ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness and visual acuity(VA) at presentation and as a determinant of final visual outcome in both groups. Initial and long-term treatment is also summarised. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients were included in the study consisting of 12 anti-MOG and 4 anti-AQP4 positive patients. Nine of the 16 patients were female and the average age of onset was 29.2 y in the MOG group and 42 y in the AQP4 group. There was no statistically significant correlation(Pearson correlation) between GCL thickness and presenting and final VA [r(10)=0.081, P=0.08 and r(10)=0.089, P=0.34 respectively]. The same statistical analysis was performed for the correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer(RNFL) and VA and similar outcomes wereobserved [r(10)=0.04, P=0.22 and r(10)=0.09, P=0.04]. No correlation was seen for initial RNFL thickness and final visual outcome in this group either [r(2)=0.19, P=0.38]. Visual field testing and radiological findings for each group are described. CONCLUSION: No correlation between initial VA or RNFL and final visual outcome is identified. A broad range of visu

关键词： neuromyelitis anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody anti-aquaporin 4

Microparticles with tunable,cell-like properties for quantitative acoustic mechanophenotyping

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第4期9卷 129-141页

作者： ryan Dubay Eric MDarling Jason Fiering Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Biological Microsystems DraperCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Department of Orthopaedics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

Mechanical properties of biological cells have been shown to correlate with their biomolecular state and function,and therefore methods to measure these properties at scale are of *** microfluidic technologies can measure the mechanical properties of cells at rates over 20,000 cells/s,which is more than four orders of magnitude faster than conventional ***,precise and repeatable means to calibrate and test these new tools remain lacking,since cells themselves are by nature ***,microfluidic tools use rigid polymer microspheres for calibration because they are widely available in cell-similar sizes,but conventional microspheres do not fully capture the physiological range of other mechanical properties that are equally important to device function(e.g.,elastic modulus and density).Here,we present for the first time development of monodisperse polyacrylamide microparticles with both tunable elasticity and tunable *** these size,elasticity,and density tunable particles,we characterized a custom acoustic microfluidic device that makes single-cell measurements of mechanical *** then applied the approach to measure the distribution of the acoustic properties within samples of human leukocytes and showed that the system successfully discriminates lymphocytes from other *** initial demonstration shows how the tunable microparticles with properties within the physiologically relevant range can be used in conjunction with microfluidic devices for efficient high-throughput measurements of mechanical properties at single-cell resolution.

关键词： tunable elasticity function

The effects of dietary supplementation with mushroom or selenium enriched mushroom powders on the growth performance and intestinal health of post-weaned pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1167-1181页

作者： Alison Dowley Torres Sweeney Eadaoin Conway Stafford Vigors Marion T.ryan Supriya Yadav Jude Wilson John V.O’Doherty School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland School of Veterinary Medicine University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Mbio Monaghan Mushroom GroupTyhollandCo.MonaghanIreland

Background There is an urgent need to identify natural bioactive compounds that can enhance gastrointestinal health and promote pig growth performance in the absence of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide(ZnO).The objectives of this study were to:1)compare the effects of mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium(inSeMP)to mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium(orgSeMP)to pharmacological levels of ZnO on growth performance and faecal scores(FS)for the first 21 d post-weaning(Period 1);and 2)compare the molecular and microbial effects of inSeMP and orgSeMP in these pigs on d 39 post-weaning(Period 2).Methods In Period 1,pigs(3 pigs/pen;8 pens/treatment)were assigned to:(1)basal diet(control);(2)basal diet+zinc oxide(ZnO)(3100 mg/kg d 1–14,1550 mg/kg d 15–21);(3)basal diet+mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium(inSeMP)containing selenium(selenite)content of 0.3 mg/kg feed;(4)basal diet+mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium(orgSeMP)containing selenium(selenocysteine)content of 0.3 mg/kg *** powders were included at 6.5 g/kg of *** In Period 1,there was no effect of diets on average daily gain(ADG)and gain:feed(G:F)ratio(P>0.05).The orgSeMP supplemented pigs had a lower average daily feed intake(ADFI)compared to all other groups(P0.05).The orgSeMP supplementation increased the caecal abundance of bacterial members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum,including Lactobacillus,Agathobacter,Roseburia,and Prevotella and decreased the abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group,while inSeMP increased the caecal abundance of Prevotella and decreased the caecal abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group(P<0.05).Dietary

关键词： Agaricus bisporus Gastrointestinal microbiota Mushroom powder Organic selenium Pig Zinc oxide

Assessment of Weight and Health in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第2期10卷 138-147页

作者： Matthew F. ryan Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida Gainesville USA

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases continues to rise. A key aspect of prevention and treatment of these disorders requires clear communication about weight and health between patients and healthcare providers. Objective: We sought to examine the prevalence rate of obesity and associated comorbid illnesses in an emergency department (ED) population. A second aim was to assess patients’ perceptions of their weight and their overall health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed in an academic tertiary-care center using a representative sample of patients (≥18 yr) who presented to the ED. Pregnant patients, patients who were medically unstable, cognitively impaired or who were unable or unwilling to provide informed consent were excluded. Anthropometric measurements were taken which include BMI (the ratio of a patient’s weight and height expressed as kg/m2) and waist circumference. In addition, the prevalence rates of all enrolled patients who 1) feel their health is affecting their weight and 2) who have had or recall discussions about their health and weight with their provider were examined by using a two-question validated survey. Results: The overall prevalence rate of obesity in this study was 38.6%. Only 71.8% (95% CI, 63.2% - 80.6%) of overweight patients (BMI = 25.0 - 29.9) and 28.4% (95% CI, 21.6% - 35.2%) of obese patients (BMI ≥ 30.0) believe their present weight is damaging to their health. Further, only 15.5% (95% CI, 8.5% - 22.6%) and 59.4% (95% CI, 53% - 67%) of those overweight and obese, respectively, recall being informed by their healthcare provider they are overweight. For morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥ 40.0), 79.6% (95% CI, 12.2 - 28.6) feel their weight is damaging their health and 83.7% (95% CI, 9.4 - 23.2) recall having a conversation about weight with their healthcare provider. Conclusion: Many obese and overweight patients believe their weight does not impact their health and have not h

关键词： Obesity Comorbid Conditions Health and Weight Patient Perceptions Emergency Medicine Patient-Provider Communication