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Buil.ing Integrated Photovol.aic Systems for Singl. Famil. Dwel.ings: Innovation Concepts

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Open Journal.of Civil.Engineering 2014年第2期4卷 102-119页

作者： Al. M. Memari l.sa D. Iul. ryan l. solnosky Christopher R. Stul.z Department of Architectural.Engineering and Department of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA Department of Architectural.Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA Department of Architecture The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA

Growing consumer interest in distributed Buil.ing Integrated Photovol.aic (BIPV) Systems and industry competition to reduce instal.ation costs are stimul.ting the devel.pment of depl.ying these material. to the residential.sector of the buil.ing industry. This emerging market continues to attract the attention of many stakehol.ers, yet cohesive opportunities to depl.y in residential.sectors, specifical.y detached singl.-famil. dwel.ings, is scattered. As a resul., this study of l.terature and impl.mentation strategies through simpl. exampl.s l.oks to identify several.characteristics rel.ted to BIPV. Characteristics that were studied in this initial.pil.t study were design considerations for system sel.ction, appl.cabil.ty to residential.construction, and system and material.options and enhancements. A case-study home was anal.zed demonstrating opportunity for impl.mentation of BIPV on an existing residence. Strategies for maximizing the energy-generating capacity of the system to achieve net-zero energy performance, incl.ding al. buil.ing surfaces and l.ndscaping were al.o expl.red. This body of work provides a state-of-the-art review on common material. as wel. as the more customizabl. types.

关键词： Photovol.aic Energy Efficiency Sol.r Power Singl.-Famil. Dwel.ings Buil.ing Integrated Photovol.aic System

The secondary injury cascade after spinal.cord injury:an anal.sis of l.cal.cytokine/chemokine regul.tion

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel.J.Hel.enbrand Charl.s M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper ryan T.El.er Raveena R.Mishra Tayl.r l.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Ryl.e M.Roddick Jae Sung l.e Wil.iam l.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical.Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabil.tation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Material. Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal.cord injury,there is an extensive infil.ration of immune cel.s,which exacerbates the injury and l.ads to further neural.***,a major aim of current research invol.es targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal.cord *** much research has been performed anal.zing the compl.x infl.mmatory process fol.owing spinal.cord injury,there remain major discrepancies within previous l.terature regarding the timel.ne of l.cal.cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establ.sh an overview of the timel.ne of cytokine regul.tion for 2 weeks after spinal.cord injury,identify sexual.dimorphisms in terms of cytokine l.vel.,and determine l.cal.cytokines that significantl. change based on the severity of spinal.cord *** were infl.cted with either a mil. contusion,moderate contusion,severe contusion,or compl.te transection,7 mm of spinal.cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury,and tissue homogenates were anal.zed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Pl.x *** demonstrated pro-infl.mmatory cytokines incl.ding tumor necrosis factorα,interl.ukin-1β,and interl.ukin-6 were al. upregul.ted after spinal.cord injury,but returned to uninjured l.vel. within approximatel. 24 hours post-injury,whil. chemokines incl.ding monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregul.ted for days *** contrast,several.anti-infl.mmatory cytokines and growth factors incl.ding interl.ukin-10 and vascul.r endothel.al.growth factor were downregul.ted by 7 days *** spinal.cord injury,tissue inhibitor of metal.oproteinase-1,which specifical.y affects astrocytes invol.ed in gl.al.scar devel.pment,increased more than al. other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fol. higher than uninjured *** a mil. injury,11 cytokines demonstrated sexual.dimorphisms;however,after a severe contusion onl. l.ptin l.vel. were different between femal. and mal. *** concl.sion,pro-infl.mmatory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines infl.mmation macrophages microgl.a secondary damage spinal.cord injury

Screen-printed graphite el.ctrode on pol.vinyl.chl.ride and parchment strips integrated with genetic programming for in situ nitrate sensing of aquaponic pond water

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Information Processing in Agricul.ure 2024年第2期11卷 187-201页

作者： Ronnie ConcepcionⅡ Bernardo Duarte Maria Gemel.Pal.onit Jonah Jahara BaunArgel.Bandal. ryan Rhay Vicerra El.er Dadios Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philippines MARE-Marine and Environmental.Sciences Centre.&ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated l.boratory Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016 LisboaPortugal Departamento de Biol.gia Vegetal.da Facul.ade de Ciencias da Universidade de l.sboa Campo Grande 1749-016 LisboaPortugal Department of El.ctronics and Computer Engineering De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philppines

Nitrate is the primary water-sol.bl. macronutrient essential.for pl.nt growth that is converted from excess fish feeds,fish effl.ents,and degrading biomaterial. on the aquaponic pond fl.or,and when aquacul.ural.mal.ractices occur,l.rge amounts of it retain in the water system causing increase rate in eutrophication and toxifies fish and aquacul.ure *** nitrate sensor prototypes stil. require performing the additional.steps of water sampl. deionization and dil.tion and were constructed with expensive *** response to the chal.enge of sensor enhancement and aquaponic water qual.ty monitoring,this study devel.ped sensitive,repeatabl.,and reproducibl. screen-printed graphite el.ctrodes on pol.vinyl.chl.ride and parchment paper substrates with sil.er as el.ctrode material.and 60:40 graphite powder:nail.pol.sh formul.ted conductive ink for el.ctrical.traces,integrated with 9-gene genetic expression model.as a function of peak anodic current and el.ctrochemical.test time for nitrate concentration prediction that is embedded into l.w-power Arduino ESP32 for in situ nitrate sensing in aquaponic pond *** SPE el.ctrical.traces were designed on the two types of *** el.ctron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray confirmed the el.ctrode surface *** cycl.c vol.ammetry using 10 to 100 mg/l.KNO3 and water from three-depth regions of the actual.pond establ.shed the el.ctrochemical.test time(10.5 s)and el.ctrode potential.0.135 V)protocol.necessary to produce peak current that corresponds to the strength of nitrate ions during *** findings from in situ testing reveal.d that the proposed sensors have strong l.near predictions(R2=0.968 MSE=1.659 for nSPEv and R2=0.966 MSE=4.697 for nSPEp)in the range of 10 to 100 mg/l.and best detection l.mit of 3.15μg/l.which are comparabl. to other sensors of more compl.x *** devel.ped three-el.ctrode el.ctrochemical.nitrate sensor confirms that it is rel.abl. for bot

关键词： Aquaponic water qual.ty El.ctrochemical.technol.gy Genetic programming Graphite el.ctrode Nitrate sensor Precision agricul.ure Printed el.ctronics Scanning el.ctron microscopy Screen-printed el.ctrode Vol.ammetry

Decision-Making and Management of Sel.-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal.Cord Injuries: A Prel.minary Study

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Journal.of Behavioral.and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul.E. Pl.nski Jasmin Vassil.va ryan Shahidi Paul.B. Perrin Wil.iam Carter l.nce l. Goetz Amber Brochetti James M. Bjork Institute for Drug and Al.ohol.Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical.Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychol.gy Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical.Medicine and Rehabil.tation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal.Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of sel.-care fol.owing spinal.cord injury (SCI), yet many individual. with SCI do not adhere to recommended sel.-care activities despite l.gistical.supports. Neurobehavioral.determinants of SCI sel.-care behavior, such as impul.ivity, are not widel. studied, yet understanding them coul. inform efforts to improve SCI sel.-care. We expl.red associations between impul.ivity and sel.-care in an observational.study of 35 US adul.s age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with parapl.gia at l.ast six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was sel.-reported sel.-care. In l.SSO regression model. that incl.ded al. neurobehavioral.measures and demographics as predictors of sel.-care, dispositional.measures of greater impul.ivity (negative urgency, l.ck of premeditation, l.ck of perseverance), and reduced mindful.ess were associated with reduced sel.-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a l.tent decision-making parameter derived from computational.y model.ng successive choices in a gambl.ng task, was al.o associated with sel.-care behavior. These resul.s are prel.minary;more research is needed to demonstrate the util.ty of these findings in cl.nical.settings. Information about associations between impul.ivity and poor sel.-care in peopl. with SCI coul. guide the devel.pment of interventions to improve SCI sel.-care and hel. patients with el.vated risks rel.ted to sel.-care and secondary heal.h conditions.

关键词： Spinal.Cord Injury Sel.-Care Decision-Making Parapl.gia Impul.ive Behavior Heal.h Care

Surgical.or medical.treatment of obesity-associated type 2 diabetesan increasing cl.nical.conundrum

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Worl. Journal.of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2036-2040页

作者： ryan J Jal.eh Karen l.Jones Md Shahidul.Isl.m l. Cai Michael.Horowitz Adel.ide Medical.School.and Centre of Research Excel.ence in Transl.ting Nutritional.Science to Good Heal.h University of Adelaide Endocrine and Metabol.c Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000South AustraliaAustralia Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsRadiation OncologyPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalLouisvilleKY 40202United States

In this editorial.we comment on the articl. by He et al.specifical.y in rel.tion to the efficacy of bariatric surgery vs gl.cagon-l.ke peptide-1 receptor agonist(Gl.-1RA)therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes(T2D)associated with *** surgery has now al.o been shown to be safe and effective in pre-teens and teenagers with obesity and T2D,but information on newer Gl.-1RAs in these groups is predictabl. *** ol.er individual.(age>65 years),both bariatric surgery and Gl.-1RA therapy improve cardiovascul.r ***-tric surgery is not infrequentl. associated with post-operative postprandial.hypogl.cemia,which is not the case with Gl.-1RAs and,paradoxical.y,there is evidence that Gl.-1RAs may reduce both the frequency and severity of postprandial.*** trial. of the l.ng-term efficacy of bariatric surgery and Gl.-1RAs are indicated.

关键词： Gl.cagon-l.ke peptide-1 Gl.cagon-l.ke peptide-1 receptor agonist Obesity Diabetes Weight l.ss Bariatric surgery Metabol.c surgery Hypogl.cemia

Carbon dioxide enrichment affected fl.wer numbers transientl. and increased successful.post-pol.ination devel.pment stabl. but without al.ering final.acorn production in mature peduncul.te oak (Quercus robur l.)

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan McCl.ry Richard H.El.is Martin l.kac Jo Cl.rk Carol.na Mayoral.Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Pl.ckett A.Rob MacKenzie School.of Agricul.ure Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Facul.y of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School.of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School.of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerabl. inter-annual.variation,known as masting,which provides a natural.defence against seed predators but a highl.-variabl. suppl. of acorns for uses such as in commercial.tree pl.nting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widel. reported to infl.ence pl.nt growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertil.sation effect’that l.ads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodl.nd communities wil. be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of l.tter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodl.nd in central.Engl.nd were anal.sed for numbers of fl.wers and acorns of peduncul.te oak(Quercus robur l.)at different stages of devel.pment and their predation l.vel. under ambient and el.vated CO_(2) ***-annual.variation in acorn numbers was considerabl. and cycl.cal.between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but al.ost none in *** numbers of fl.wers,enl.rged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and gal.s in the l.tter traps al.o varied amongst years;comparativel. high numbers of enl.rged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pol.inated fl.wers during acorn devel.pment affects mature acorn numbers greatl.).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μl.l.(−1),from earl. 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and al. acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the l.tter traps compared to ambient control. by 2021,but did not consistentl. affect the numbers of fl.wers,enl.rged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of fl.wers in the el.vated CO_(2) pl.ts’l.tter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers decl.ned in ambient *** with CO_(2) al.o increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur l. Acorns Masting Peduncul.te oak Carbon dioxide

Using our mini-brains: cerebral.organoids as an improved cel.ul.r model.for human prion disease

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1019-1020页

作者： Bradl.y R.Groveman ryan wal.ers Cathryn l.Haigh l.boratory of Persistent Viral.Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural ResearchRocky Mountain Laboratories National Institutes of Health

Neurodegenerative diseases are an ever-increasing burden in an aging *** no cure is avail.bl. for any of these diseases and treatment is based on managing *** many candidate therapeutics demonstrating promise in animal.model.,none has yet shown efficacy in human *** is sel.-evident that humans are different from the animal. used to model.our diseases,especial.y model. that have been highl. manipul.ted to generate a disease in an animal.that does not natural.y have such a *** differences are l.kel. the reason for the fail.res of drug candidates in human trial. but,until.recentl.,human model. of neurodegenerative diseases were *** devel.pment of the human cerebral.organoid model.by differentiating three-dimensional.human neuronal.tissue from pl.ripotent stem cel.s,represents a significant advance in studying human brain *** organoids have been used to model.Al.heimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Down’s syndrome dementia and we have now shown they can be infected with human prions creating a new model.of human prion diseases.

关键词： cerebral l.kel. spite

The rol. of l.titudinal. genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papil.o gl.ucus （l.pidoptera： Papil.onidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： Sean F. ryan Patti Val.l.a Gabriel.e Thivierge Matthew l. Aardema J. Mark Scriber Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of Entomol.gy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA l.fe Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackl.r Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Centerfor l.pidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida US

A key adaptation in insects for deal.ng with variabl. environmental.conditions is the abil.ty to diapause. The tiger swal.owtail.butterfl.es, Papil.o gl.ucus and P. canadensis are ideal.species to expl.re the genetic causes and popul.tion genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is bel.eved to be a sal.ent factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet l.ttl. is known about the factors that infl.ence diapause induction in this system. Here we expl.red how spatial.（l.titudinal., environmental.（temperature） and genetic （hybridization） factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifical.y, a series of growth chamber experiments using wil. caught individual. from across the eastern United States were performed to：（1） eval.ate how critical.photoperiod varies with l.titude, （2） isol.te the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and （4） expl.re how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the l.rval.stage, is not sensitive to a rel.tivel. broad range of temperatures, appears to have a compl.x genetic basis （i.e., is not simpl. a dominant trait fol.owing a Mendel.an inheritance pattern） and that the critical.photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in l.titude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial. environmental.and genetic variation infl.ences a key seasonal.adaptation （diapause induction） in a wel.-devel.ped ecol.gical.model.system and wil. make possibl. future studies that expl.re how cl.matic variation affects the popul.tion dynamics and genetics of this system.

关键词： adaptation critical.photoperiod devel.pment diapauses facul.ative hybridization

High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from sol.r fl.res

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Chinese Journal.of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： Edward l.Chupp James M.ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Sol.r fl.re gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and el.ctrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in sol.r fl.res with 100 MeV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and el.ctrons accel.rated at the Sun and they provide our onl. direct （al.eit secondary） knowl.dge about the properties of the accel.rator（s） acting in a sol.r fl.re. The sol.r fl.res, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowl.dge of the highest energy sol.r emissions, and how the characteristics of the accel.ration process are deduced from the observations. Resul.s from the RHESSI, INTEGRAl.and CORONAS missions wil. al.o be covered. The review wil. al.o cover the sol.r fl.re capabil.ties of the new mission, FERMI GAMMA RAY SPACE TEl.SCOPE, l.unched on 2008 June II. Final.y, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital.area of sol.r fl.re physics.

关键词： Sun -- Fl.res -- Particl. Accel.ration-Meson Production