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作者： ZOUNON MARJOLENE ruth 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

非洲移动电话使用的快速增长及其发明份额促进了移动货币的发展。在非洲,30%的人口被排除在传统银行系统之外,因此移动货币可以规避这一问题,同时完美地满足无法使用正规金融结构的某些类别人口的需求,例如银行。这些服务非常受欢迎,甚... 详细信息

非洲移动电话使用的快速增长及其发明份额促进了移动货币的发展。在非洲,30%的人口被排除在传统银行系统之外,因此移动货币可以规避这一问题,同时完美地满足无法使用正规金融结构的某些类别人口的需求,例如银行。这些服务非常受欢迎,甚至那些拥有银行账户的人也会使用它们。因此,我们的思考围绕以下核心问题展开:“贝宁采用移动货币是否符合节约型创新(可负担性、可用性、可接受性、知名度)?”。为了更好地解决这个问题,我们将首先展示移动货币的创新性和节俭性,然后展示这种创新如何有助于改善贝宁欠发达地区人口的购买条件和增加交流。因此,我们研究的目的是强调我们可以阐明节约型创新在贝宁,尤其是在这些欠发达地区成为现实的要素。该研究的独特之处在于,它是为数不多的为不稳定地区的社区开展移动货币和节约型创新合作研究的研究之一。研究的最初目标导致了一些研究问题的产生,这些问题可以确认或不确认研究的目的。核心问题如下:在贝宁已经成为现实的移动货币的采用是否符合节约型创新的标准(负担能力、可用性、可接受性、知名度)?这个中心问题被细分为其他几个具体问题如下:贝宁未开发地区的居民是否可以使用移动货币服务?贝宁欠发达地区的人们是否负担得起移动货币服务?贝宁欠发达地区的人们是否可以轻松获得移动货币?移动运营商的宣传渠道是否有效地鼓励贝宁非建成区的居民采用移动货币?回答这些问题需要明确的假设才能开展良好的研究。该假设是对所提问题的建议答案,我们在整个研究过程中分析和测试了以下各种假设:假设1:移动货币的可用性促进了贝宁未建地区人口对移动货币的采用;假设2:移动货币的可负担性解释了它在贝宁欠发达地区的人口采用;假设3:移动货币系统的可及性改善了贝宁欠发达地区人口的购买条件;假设4:提高移动运营商意识的手段促进了贝宁非建成区人口采用移动货币的动机。一旦制定了研究的各种假设,就会进行文献综述,其中汇集了关于我们主题的文献中存在的所有内容,即:我们研究的各种关键概念的一些定义,以及关于什么是创新的信息,什么是节俭,然后是节俭创新本身。节约型创新在欠发达地区的重要性,节约型创新理念在非洲开展的一些例子,节约型创新与移动货币之间的关系,移动货币在非洲的采用情况即其运营和发展,移动货币的主要优势和问题,移动货币和人口普惠金融等。为了了解更多关于这个概念的信息,我们提供了一个全面的实证文献回顾和我们之前陈述的目标。然后提出了该研究的概念模型来解释我们研究的不同变量之间的联系。本研究采用的主要研究方法是定量方法。它使我们能够在5分李克特量表上进行主题分析和问卷调查,最终对149名符合研究人口统计要求的参与者进行了调查。使用调查技术向受访者传播结构化问题。为了便于数据分析,调查分为三个关键部分,第一部分涵盖受访者的社会人口统计描述,第二部分涵盖我们的自变量,包括可用性、可负担性、可及性和知名度等问题,而最后一部分是专门讨论我们的因变量,以及与使用移动货币给他们带来的“加分”相关的问题。然后,借助IBM SPSS统计数据处理软件,在问卷收集的信息基础上,对受访者进行社会人口学分析、变量的描述性分析、信度检验、相关检验和多元回归检验可以执行。描述性分析是将数据转化为信息的过程。测试信度是指测试在测量其预期测量内容时的一致性和稳定性的程度。Pearson相关系数,也称为r系数,是一种统计量度,用于定义两个变量之间的关系强度及其相互关联,多元回归的总体目标是了解几个独立变量之间的关系或预测变量和因变量或标准变量。总而言之,该研究的概念框架使我们能够确认研究结构与我们各种分析的结果之间的联系,使我们能够测试和验证我们的每一个假设。关于参与调查者的社会人口统计分析,年龄和性别交叉表显示26-35岁年龄组的人数较多,这一发现在男性和女性中均有体现。因此,我们的数据库主要由或多或少的年轻人组成;至于居住城市和职业的交叉表,我们注意到从事公务员职业的受访者最多,居住在贝宁经济首都科托努市的受访者最多统计数据显着;该分析以银行账户和移动货币账户的交叉制表结束,从中我们注意到移动支付的使用比银行账户的使用更普遍。信度检验的结果如下,我们可以看到项目之间的相关性都是正相关且可靠的,因为它们是由大于0.7的Cronbach's alpha确保的。因此,这些结果表明,移动货币服务消费者提供的响应之间存在内部一致性。接下来要进行的测试是相关性分析测试,其结果表明存在正相关但弱相关。移动货币的采用随着其可用性、成本、可访问性和移动运营商的意识水平而增加,即使影响很小。由于默认的alpha值为0.05,我们的相关性被认为非常显着。根据多元回归分析表的结果,该模型约占移动货币采用(因变量)整体变化的53.8%,如独立因素所解释的那样。因此,该结果向我们展示了独立因素对因变量影响的大小和重要性。根据同一张表中的结果,

关键词：节俭创新移动货币贝宁

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Thrombotic microangiopathy involving the gallbladder as an unusual manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: Case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7206-7209页

作者： Beatriz De-Leon-Bojorge Samuel Zaltzman-Girsevich Arturo ortega-Salgado Adelina Prieto-Patron ruth Córdoba-Córdoba Marco Yamazaki-Nakashimada Department of Pathology InstitutoNacional de Pediatría Mexico City Mexico Department of Nephrology Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Mexico City Mexico Department of Surgery InstitutoNacional de Pediatría Mexico City Mexico Department of Clinical Immunology Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Mexico City Mexico

Gallbladder disease is no more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in the general population. We describe a 17-year-old patient with SLE, who developed nephritis that was well controlled with medications. Initial treatment consisted of azathioprine, aspirin and prednisone with stable control of her symptoms. Two years later she developed a right quadrant abdominal pain, and an abdominal ultrasound revealed microlithiasic cholecystitis. Open cholecystectomy was performed and the histopathological findings revealed vasculitis with thrombotic microangiopathy in the gallbladder. This case presentation illustrates that calculous or acalculous cholecystitis should be considered as a manifestation of active SLE and APS.

关键词： Gallbladder Cholecystitis Systemic lupus erythematosus Antiphospholipid syndrome

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Lessons from the Legacy of Canada-China University Linkages

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Frontiers of Education in China 2013年第1期8卷 80-104页

作者： ruth HAYHOE Julia PAN Qiang ZHA O.I.S.E. University of TorontoTorontoM5S 1V6Canada Faculty of Education York UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada

This article looks at a series of university linkages between Canadian and Chinese universities that were supported by the Canadian International Development Agency as a result of a development agreement signed in 1983 between the two *** first reviews relevant theoretical literature on higher education in a global context,and discusses the methodology adopted for the *** it provides an overview of a major program of collaboration in management education between 1983 and 1996,presenting views of leaders and participants on both *** next section overviews parallel linkages in the areas of education,engineering,agriculture,and medicine over the period from 1988 to 2001,and draws on the literature around university partnerships to identify factors that led,in some cases,to long-term sustainable relationships,but not in *** final section of the paper reviews two major culminating linkages in environment and law,and suggests that these may have significant lessons for current and future cooperation between Chinese and Canadian universities in a new era of global geo-politics.

关键词： university linkage partnership collaboration Canada-China relations

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Application of Fast and Robust Equalization in Communication Technology

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High Technology Letters 2003年第4期9卷 74-77页

作者：叶桦 Zhou Wanlei Ye Lin Lanham Elicia Raitman ruth School of Information Technology Deakin University 221 Burwood HWY BurwoodAustralia School of Adults Education Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001P.R.China

In this paper, the authors explore the potential of several popular equalization techniques while overcoming their disadvantages. First, extensive literature survey on equalization is conducted. The focus is on popular linear equalization algorithms such as the conventional least mean square (LMS ) algorithm, the recursive least squares ( RLS ) algorithm, the filtered X LMS algorithm and their development. To overcome the slow convergence problem while keeping the simplicity of the LMS based algorithms, an H 2 optimal initialization is proposed.

关键词： least mean square discrete cosine transform recursive least squares filtered X LMS H 2

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A Systematic Literature Review of Funding for Higher Education Institutions in Developed Countries

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Frontiers of Education in China 2016年第4期11卷 519-542页

作者： Qilong ZHANG ruth BARNES KANG Ning Faculty of Health Education and HumanitiesWaiariki Institute of TechnologyRotoruaNew Zealand China Education Publishing&Media Holdings Co.Ltd. Beijing 100089China

Resource allocation and funding in higher education is crucial to the success of reform and transformation of our higher education *** a view to identifying trends and best practices in the area,utilizing a method of systematic literature review,we have critically reviewed relevant theories and practices from developed counties that are covered in the scholarly literature published in English in the past 10 *** review has revealed:(1)Several universal trends have exerted a decisive impact on resource allocation in higher education,for example,funding reduction and tuition fee increases,performancebased funding,privatization,corporatization,and internationalization;(2)Several theories underpin key research in the area,for example,new institutional economics,resource dependence theory,and political economy;(3)Several controversial issues have made their way into public debate,for example,higher education as a public good or private good,academic capitalism,educational equity,and the role of econometrics.

关键词： higher education resource allocation funding developed countries

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A new view of the mammary epithelial hierarchy and its implications for breast cancer initiation and metastasis

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第6期4卷 55-70页

作者： Lindsey J.Anstine ruth Keri Department of Pharmacology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Department of General Medical Sciences-Oncology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA

The existence of mammary epithelial stem cell(MaSC)populations capable of mediating mammary gland development and homeostasis has been established for over a decade.A combination of lineage tracing and mammary gland transplantation studies has affirmed that MaSCs and their downstream progenitors are organized in a hierarchal manner;however,these techniques have failed to illuminate the complete spectrum of epithelial intermediate populations or their spatial and temporal *** advent of single cell sequencing technology has allowed for characterization of highly heterogeneous tissues at high *** the last two years,the remarkable advances in single cell RNA sequencing technologies have been leveraged to address the heterogeneity of the mammary *** studies have afforded fresh insights into the transcriptional differentiation hierarchy and its ***,these data have led to a major conceptual shift in which the rigid boundaries separating stem,progenitor,and differentiated epithelial populations have been deconstructed,resulting in a new more fluid and flexible model of epithelial *** emerging view of the mammary epithelial hierarchy has important implications for mammary development,carcinogenesis,and metastasis,providing novel insights into the underlying cellular states that may promote malignant phenotypes.

关键词： Mammary gland mammary epithelial cells breast cancer stem cell

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Effects of silver adsorbed on fumed silica,silver phosphate glass,bentonite organomodified with silver and titanium dioxide in aquatic indicator organisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 230-239页

作者： Daiane Tomacheski Michele Pittol Douglas Naue Simoes Vanda Ferreira Ribeiro ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana Department of Materials Engineering Laboratory of Polymers-LAPOLUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91501-970Brazil Softer Brasil Cornpostos Termopldsticos Carnpo Born 93700-000Brazil

In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide （TiQ） on microcmstacean survival. Daphnia ruagna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000 ppm. Cefiodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in Ti02 suspensions from 0.001 to 100 ppm, D. magna populations presented high susceptibihty to all silver based additives, with 100% mortahty after 24 hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO2 suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48 hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, Ti02 did not reach a hnear concentration-response uersus mortality, with 1 ppm being more toxic than 10,000 ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01 ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form （nano or ion） or carrier （silica, phosphate glass or bentonite）. Ti02 demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna.

关键词： Daphnia magnaCeriodaphnia dubiaTitanium dioxideSilver ionNanosilver

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Computational search for magnetic and non-magnetic 2D topological materials using unified spin-orbit spillage screening

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1272-1279页

作者： Kamal Choudhary Kevin F.Garrity Jie Jiang ruth Pachter Francesca Tavazza Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Materials Directorate Air Force Research LaboratoryWright–Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA

Two-dimensional topological materials(2D TMs)have a variety of properties that make them attractive for applications including spintronics and quantum ***,there are only a few such experimentally known *** help discover new 2D TMs,we develop a unified and computationally inexpensive approach to identify magnetic and non-magnetic 2D TMs,including gapped and semi-metallic topological classifications,in a high-throughput way using density functional theory-based spin–orbit spillage,Wannier-interpolation,and related techniques.

关键词： materials unified topological

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A novel viewpoint in glaucoma therapeutics: enriched environment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1431-1439页

作者： María F.González Fleitas Damián Dorfman ruth E.Rosenstein Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology Department of Human BiochemistrySchool of Medicine/CEFyBOUniversity of Buenos Aires/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina

Glaucoma is one of the world’s most frequent visual impairment causes and leads to selective damage to retinal ganglion cells and their *** glaucoma’s most accepted risk factor is increased intraocular pressure(IOP),the mechanisms behind the disease have not been fully *** date,IOP lowering remains the gold standard;however,glaucoma patients may still lose vision regardless of effective IOP ***,the exclusive IOP control apparently is not enough to stop the disease progression,and developing new resources to protect the retina and optic nerve against glaucoma is a goal of vast clinical *** pharmacological treatments,environmental conditions have been shown to prevent neurodegeneration in the central nervous *** this review,we discuss current concepts on key pathogenic mechanisms involved in glaucoma,the effect of enriched environment on these mechanisms in different experimental models,as well as recent evidence supporting the preventive and therapeutic effect of enriched environment exposure against experimental glaucomatous ***,we postulate that stimulating vision may become a non-invasive and rehabilitative therapy that could be eventually translated to the human disease,preventing glaucoma-induced terrible sequelae resulting in permanent visual disability.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor chondroitin sulfate enriched environment glaucoma optic nerve axons optic nerve glia retinal ganglion cells visual stimulation

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The Relationship between Model Biases in East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Land Evaporation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2029-2042,I0004-I0013页

作者： ruth GEEN Marianne PIETSCHNIG Shubhi AGRAWAL Dipanjan DEY FHugo LAMBERT Geoffrey KVALLIS School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of ExeterExeter EX44QJUK Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchBhopal 462066India School of Ocean and Earth Science University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

The East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)provides the majority of annual rainfall to countries in East *** state-of-the-art models broadly project increased EASM rainfall,the spread of projections is large and simulations of present-day rainfall show significant climatological *** evapotranspiration biases occur locally over East Asia,and globally over land,in simulations both with and without a coupled *** study explores the relationship between evapotranspiration and EASM precipitation ***,idealized model simulations are presented in which the parameterization of land evaporation is modified,while sea surface temperature is *** results suggest a feedback whereby excessive evapotranspiration over East Asia results in cooling of land,a weakened monsoon low,and a shift of rainfall from the Philippine Sea to China,further fueling ***-model regressions against evapotranspiration over China indicate a similar pattern of behavior in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(AMIP)*** causes of this pattern are *** feedback is not explained by an overly intense global hydrological cycle or by differences in radiative *** of land-only simulations indicates that evapotranspiration biases are present even when models are forced with prescribed *** are strengthened when coupled to the atmosphere,suggesting a role for land-model errors in driving atmospheric *** atmosphere-ocean models are shown to have similar evapotranspiration biases to those in AMIP over China,but different precipitation biases,including a northward shift in the ITCZ over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

关键词： monsoon East Asia China evapotranspiration model bias

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