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One-pot and One-step Cu(0)-mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) in Water

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 1-6,I0004页

作者： Zi-Shan Li Jing Lyu Bei Qiu Ying-Hao Li ruth foley Ri-Jian Song Melissa Johnson Qiang Geng Wen-Xin Wang Institute of Precision Medicine(AUST-IPM) Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Charles Institute of Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin D04 V1W8Ireland

Copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization(Cu(0)-mediated RDRP) of the water-soluble monomer Nisopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) has been challenging with the problems of high dispersity, poor control over the molecular weights(MWs) or complex or multi reaction steps, etc. In this work, we report the well-controlled polymerization of NIPAM in water via a facile one-pot and one-step Cu(0)-mediated RDRP. The results of this approach show that the key for kicking off the Cu(0)-mediated NIPAM RDRPs is to ensure sufficient Cu~I at the very beginning, and the key to achieve a well-controlled chain growth is to provide adequate deactivation strength during the polymerization process. For NIPAM, which has a high propagation rate constant, the deactivation control can be effectively enhanced by extra adding deactivator(i.e., Cu~II) to the system. Moreover, a low reaction temperature(4 ℃) is necessary in the controlled synthesis of higher MW poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) to avoid the compromise in control caused by the phase transition from its lower critical solution temperature(LCST). Through this new kinetically controlled strategy, PNIPAMs with well-defined structure, narrow molecular weight distributions(MWDs) and varied MWs were successfully achieved.

关键词： Cu(0)-mediated RDRP N-isopropylacrylamide Propagation Deactivation Reaction parameters

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RNase L Variants Do Not Appear to Impact on Clinical Features of Sporadic Prostate Cancer Patients

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Open Journal of Urology 2013年第7期3卷 287-292页

作者： Frank T. D’Arcy ruth foley Thomas H. Lynch Department of Urology St. James Hospital Dublin Ireland Institute of Molecular Medicine Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous male cancers, contributing to significant mortality rates globally. Mutations of RNase L, an enzyme involved in inflammatory and immunological pathways, have been speculated to predispose to cancer. This study assesses three different mutations of the RNase L gene in Irish prostate cancer patients, including one linked with general cancer susceptibility never investigated before in prostate cancer (rs3738579), and reports on links with aggressive cancer. Methods: 134 patients had their RNase L mutation status determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of serum DNA. Complementary clinical details for each patient are statistically analysed. Results: No link to age of diagnosis, high grade disease or prostate specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis was demonstrated with any of the studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The SNP variation was consistent with that of published international series. Conclusion: SNP genotypic frequencies in Ireland are consistent with international findings. The studied RNase L mutations including rs3738579 do not appear to have a significant impact on our patient population.

关键词： RNase L R462Q D541E Prostate Cancer

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Acute kidney injury following spinal instrumentation surgery in children

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World Journal of Nephrology 2017年第2期6卷 79-85页

作者： Jasper J Jobsis Abdullah Alabbas ruth Milner Christopher Reilly Kishore Mulpuri Cherry Mammen Department of Paediatrics Tergooi Hospital1261 AN BlaricumThe Netherlands Stollery Children's Hospital EdmontonAB T6G 2L9Canada BC Children's Hospital VancouverBC V6H 3V4Canada

AIM To determine acute kidney in jury(AKI) incidence and potential risk factors of AKI in children undergoing spinal instrumentation *** AKI incidence in children undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery at British Columbia Children's Hospital between January 2006 and December 2008 was determined by the Acute Kidney Injury Networ classification using serum creatinine and urine output criteria. During this specific time period, all patients following spinal surgery were monitored in the pediatric intensive care unit and had an indwelling foley catheter permitting hourly urine output recording. Cases of AKI were identified from our database. From the remaining cohort, we selected group-matched controls that did not satisfy criteria for AKI. The controls were matched for sex, age and underlying diagnosis(idiopathic vs nonidiopathic scoliosis).RESULTS Thirty five of 208 patients met criteria for AKI with an incidence of 17%(95%CI: 12%-23%). Of all children who developed AKI, 17(49%) developed mild AKI(AKI Stage 1), 17(49%) developed moderate AKI(Stage 2) and 1 patient(3%) met criteria for severe AKI(Stage 3). An inverse relationship was observed with AKI incidence and the amount of fluids received intra-operatively. An inverse relationship was observed with AKI incidence and the amount of fluids received intra-operatively classified by fluid tertiles: 70% incidence in those that received the least amount of fluids vs 29% that received the most fluids(> 7.9, P = 0.02). Patients who developed AKI were more frequently exposed to nephrotoxins(non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs or aminoglycosides) than control patients during their peri-operative course(60% vs 22%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION We observed a high incidence of AKI following spinal instrumentation surgery in children that is potentially related to the frequent use of nephrotoxins and the amount of fluid administered peri-operatively.

关键词：急性肾损伤肾病治疗方法临床分析

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