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Improving Supply Chain Strategies towards Mitigating the Effect of Crude Oil Theft and Pipeline Vandalism in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry: A Case Study of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

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Open Journal of Yangtze Oil and Gas 2024年第3期9卷 75-93页

作者： ruth Agwom Panle Department of Business Administration Faculty of Management Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria.

Generically, SCM may be said to include all activities carried out to ensure proper functioning of the supply chain. The activities included in proper management of a supply chain broadly include logistics activities, planning and control of the flow of information and materials in a firm, management of relationships with other organizations and government intervention, However, crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism are established products supply chain disruptors in Nigeria which are rendering the task of running an efficient petroleum supply chain onerous. This paper aims to establish the importance of effective supply chain strategies for companies in the oil and gas industry with special focus on the Nigerian oil and gas sector and the strategies by which the state oil and gas corporation in this sector may mitigate disruptions to its supply chain. This study investigates the enhancement of supply chain strategies towards meeting the challenge of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism, using the Nigerian National Corporation (NNPC) as a case study. Based on this study, data were collected from two sources: A summary of incident reports obtained from NNPC and an interview with personnel in the PPMC Department. Incident report refers to a report produced when accidents such as equipment failure, injury, loss of life, or fire occur at the work site. Content analysis is utilized to evaluate data obtained from interview responses, CBN financial stability reports, NDIC annual reports, circulars, banking supervision reports and implementation guidelines. The study found out that NNPC should endeavor to sustain its value chain and ward of pipeline vandals and crude oil thieves by engaging in community partnership, detailing security outfits to ensure its pipelines’ right of way and bridging. Concluded that the oil supply chain of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation has been plagued by disruptions in the form of crude oil theft and pipeline vandalism which has h

关键词： Supply Chain Strategies Management Production Crude Oil Theft Pipeline Vandalism Information Technology Operations

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One-pot and One-step Cu(0)-mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) in Water

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 1-6,I0004页

作者： Zi-Shan Li Jing Lyu Bei Qiu Ying-Hao Li ruth Foley Ri-Jian Song Melissa Johnson Qiang Geng Wen-Xin Wang Institute of Precision Medicine(AUST-IPM) Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Charles Institute of Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin D04 V1W8Ireland

Copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization(Cu(0)-mediated RDRP) of the water-soluble monomer Nisopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) has been challenging with the problems of high dispersity, poor control over the molecular weights(MWs) or complex or multi reaction steps, etc. In this work, we report the well-controlled polymerization of NIPAM in water via a facile one-pot and one-step Cu(0)-mediated RDRP. The results of this approach show that the key for kicking off the Cu(0)-mediated NIPAM RDRPs is to ensure sufficient Cu~I at the very beginning, and the key to achieve a well-controlled chain growth is to provide adequate deactivation strength during the polymerization process. For NIPAM, which has a high propagation rate constant, the deactivation control can be effectively enhanced by extra adding deactivator(i.e., Cu~II) to the system. Moreover, a low reaction temperature(4 ℃) is necessary in the controlled synthesis of higher MW poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) to avoid the compromise in control caused by the phase transition from its lower critical solution temperature(LCST). Through this new kinetically controlled strategy, PNIPAMs with well-defined structure, narrow molecular weight distributions(MWDs) and varied MWs were successfully achieved.

关键词： Cu(0)-mediated RDRP N-isopropylacrylamide Propagation Deactivation Reaction parameters

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Hang in There!

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 24-25,53页

作者： ruth Devlin 不详

There are many good phrases that use the word *** you hang up on someone,you end a phone call *** do not finish the *** you hang out with people,you spend time with *** you want to hang on to something,you want to save *** don't want to let it *** you hang it up,you quit something orlet it *** when you tell someone,"Hang in there!"you're encouraging them to keep doing something.

关键词： something someone suddenly

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Fun in Alaska

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 14-16,51页

作者： ruth Devlin 不详

Visiting Alaska is a wonderful experience!It's the biggest state in the USA and has lots of exciting things to see and *** can see amazing mountains and huge *** is famous for its beautiful,wild *** moose,several kinds of bear and other smaller animals make their homes *** can hike,fish or go in a boat on a *** has more than three million of them!You can also take a train ***'s the perfect way to enjoy the beautiful Alaska scenery!

关键词： beautiful mountains perfect

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JEJU ISLAND

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 13-15,51页

作者： ruth Devlin 不详

South Korea's Jeju Island has a lot of natural *** of people visit the island each *** Mount Hallasan is a popular *** 1,950 meters,it's the highest mountain in South *** is possible to hike all the way to the top and... 详细信息

关键词： island Island Mount

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A Raincoat or an Umbrella?

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 34-35,54页

作者： ruth Devlin 不详

It's raining *** you wear a raincoat or carry an umbrella?Raincoats are *** they cover your whole *** you wear a raincoat,your hands are *** can use them for other *** can wear a raincoat and ride a scooter in the ***... 详细信息

关键词： wear outside carry

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A Uniform or Regular Clothes?

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 41-42,55,56页

作者： ruth Devlin 不详

What should students wearto school?Some say *** ca reduce bullying becauseeeveryone wears the same *** can't tease others about their ***,students focus better in class when they wear *** aren't thinking about *** rea... 详细信息

关键词： everyone wear Uniform

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Eyecare Is Important

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 36-37,54,55页

作者： Campbell Chang ruth Devlin 不详

Find It What can an eye doctordo for someone with dry eyes?Your eyes are you rwindow to the *** allow you to see all the amazing things around you.

关键词： someone doctor Your

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PERSIMMONS

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 43-44,56页

作者： Campbell Chang ruth Devlin 不详

Persimmons are a delicious fruit that grows on *** can be round or long and can come in different colors,such as orange and *** taste sweet and a bit like *** think of persimmons as a fall fruit because they are ripe ... 详细信息

关键词： orange dried honey

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ZIF-8-functionalized polymer electrolyte with enhanced performance for high-temperature solid-state lithium metal batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 984-994页

作者： Jin-Fang Zhang Yuan-Yuan Wang Xiao-Feng Li Gen-Yan Zhang Ying Li Rong Liu Sheng-Liang Hu Tuo-Ping Hu ruth Knibbe Qing-Bing Xia School of Materials Science and Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China School of Energy and Power Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia

Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)with high ionic conductivity are desirable for solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)to achieve enhanced safety and energy *** nanofillers into a polymeric matrix to develop nanocomposite solid electrolytes(NCSEs)has become a promising method for improving the ionic conductivity of the ***,a novel ZIF-8-functionalized NCSE was prepared for high-temperature S SLMB s using an in situ radical polymerization *** is found that the ZIF-8 nanoparticles could reduce the crystallinity of polymer segments and offer a Lewis acid surface that promotes the dissociation of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)and stabilizes the TFSI^(-) anion ***,the as-prepared NCSE exhibits an outstanding ionic conductivity of 1.63×10^(-3)S·cm^(-1),an electrochem ical stability window of 5.0 V at 80℃,and excellent interface compatibility with lithium metal anode with a stable polarization over 2000 ***,the assembled SSLMBs with LiFePO_(4)cathode show dendrite-free Li-metal surface,good rate capability,and stable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 70%over 1000 cycles at a high temperature of 80℃.This work provides valuable insights into promoting the ionic conductivity of SPEs.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Metal-organic frameworks Solid polymer electrolytes Lithium metal anode Interfacial compatibility

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