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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Pregnant Women: A Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Risks Survey in Lusaka, Zambia

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第5期15卷 147-166页

作者： Steward Mudenda ruth Mbewe Manal Hadi Ghaffoori Kanaan Shafiq Mohamed Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Agriculture Technical Institute of Suwaria Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq Medicines Management and Pharmacy Services St. James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds United Kingdom

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since its emergence, there have been increased rates of transmission and spread, morbidity and mortality which led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines to address the pandemic. This study assessed acceptance, knowledge, attitude, and perceived risks regarding COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant women attending antenatal care at two First-Level Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted among 241 pregnant women using a questionnaire from August 2023 to October 2023 in two First-Level Hospitals in Lusaka district, Zambia. The collected data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi-square test. The statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level. Results: Of the 241 participants, 107 (42.7%) were aged between 24 and 34 years. Overall, 64.3% accepted the COVID-19 vaccines, of which 122 (50.6%) were already vaccinated. Further, 203 (84.6%) of the pregnant women had good knowledge, and 199 (82.6%) had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. However, 58.5% thought COVID-19 vaccines were not safe and could cause infertility. Alongside this, 70.1% thought that COVID-19 vaccines were harmful during pregnancy. Having good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines was associated with age (p = 0.049), education status (p = 0.001), and employment status (p = 0.001). Having a positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccines was associated with education status (p = 0.001) and employment status (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that most pregnant women had good knowledge, and positive attitudes, and the majority accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. Encouragingly, most of the pregnant women who accepted the COVID-19 vaccines were already vaccinated. Most pregnant women thought that COVID-19 vaccines had sid

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccines Pregnant Women Vaccine Acceptance Vaccine Hesitancy Zambia

Isolation and Identification of Fungal Endophytes from Grasses along the Oregon Coast

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3216-3230页

作者： ruth C. Martin james E. Dombrowski USDA ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit Corvallis USA

Fungal endophytes have been shown to improve abiotic and biotic stress response in plants. Grasses growing along the Oregon coast are exposed to harsh conditions and may harbor endophytes that enable them to survive and grow under these conditions. Endophytic fungi were isolated from thirty-four grass plants representing eight different grass species at four different locations along the Oregon coast. The ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 regions of each isolate were amplified, sequenced, and used to perform a BLAST search against the nucleotide database collection at National Center for Biotechnology Information. One-hundred-eleven different fungal isolates were classified into thirtynine genera with two isolates that did not show a match greater than 95%. These endophytes will be investigated to determine their potential for improving the adaptability of grasses and other crop plants to grow in diverse environments where they are subjected to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.

关键词： Fungi Endophytes Abiotic Stress Grass Biotic Stress Salt Stress

Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Endophytes from Grasses along the Oregon Coast

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 574-601页

作者： james E. Dombrowski Vicky G. Hollenbeck ruth C. Martin USDA ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit Corvallis Oregon USA

Bacterial endophytes have been shown to improve abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. Plants growing under harsh conditions along the Oregon Coast could contain bacterial endophytes that improve persistence and growth of grasses in this environment. Thirty-four plants consisting of eight different species were collected along the Oregon coast from four different sites. Bacterial endophytes were isolated from root crown, stem and leaf tissues. A portion of the 16S rRNA ITS regions of each isolate was amplified, sequenced, and used to perform a BLAST search against the nucleotide database collection at National Center for Biotechnology Information. One-hundred and thirty-three different bacterial isolates, ninety-four of which were unique, representing thirty-six different taxonomic groups were found. Over 50% of the total bacteria isolates were in just five taxonomic groups. Pseudomonads were the most predominant bacteria isolated, making up 20.3% of the total isolates, followed by Curtobacterium and Microbacterium, each at 8.2%, Bacillus at 7.5% and Xanthomomas at 6%. Forty-seven percent (17 of 36) of the taxonomic groups contained only a single isolate. Fourteen bacterial isolates from five taxonomic groups, nine of which were from the genus Pseudomonas, were found to have 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, an enzyme associated with improving plant growth under stress. These newly discovered bacterial endophytes will be a valuable biological resource to develop approaches to increase the yield and adaptability of grasses and other crops grown in diverse environments and to meet the challenges associated with an unpredictable climate.

关键词： Endophyte Grasses ACC Deaminase Bacteria Abiotic Stress Salt Stress

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游览行程表

空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2023年第8期 12-13,51,56页

作者： ruth Devlin 不详

会话A(在丛林咖啡馆)james:嗨,Julie,你在看什么?Julie:我阿姨的游览行程表,她现在在纽约。james:好玩!纽约是一座很棒的城市。Julie:的确是,我阿姨很兴奋。james:我可以看她的游览行程表吗?

关键词：咖啡馆 james 行程表游览纽约好玩

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Africa, Associated Factors and Coping Mechanisms: A Systematic Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 518-532页

作者： Steward Mudenda Billy Chabalenge Scott Matafwali Victor Daka Misheck Chileshe Webrod Mufwambi ruth Lindizyani Mfune Josephine Chali Mukuka Chomba Michelo Banda Racheal Mwaweza Ronald Kampamba Mutati Tyson Lungwani Muungo John Balidawa Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo james Mwanza Maisa Kasanga Shafiq Mohamed Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia MaryBegg Health Services Ndola Zambia Faculty of Paediatrics and Child Health Lusaka College of Nursing Lusaka Zambia Unicaf University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Remedium Pharmaceuticals limited Salama Park Lusaka Zambia

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health problem that has caused harm to the mental health of healthcare workers. In Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has led healthcare workers to experience mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and burnout. This study aimed to review published studies on the effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers, associated factors and coping strategies that have been employed in Africa. Methods: This was a systematic review that was conducted through searching databases including;PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. The study included published literature from January 2020 to May 2022 that met the inclusion criteria. The selection of articles was conducted following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 39 articles were retrieved, of which only 18 met the inclusion criteria and were used in this study. Our review revealed that healthcare workers experienced mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, stress and burnout that were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping strategies such as religious practices, support from family members and colleagues and avoiding listening to social media about COVID-19 were used to minimize mental health problems. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused increased mental health disorders among healthcare workers in Africa. Identification of factors associated with mental health problems is cardinal in developing coping mechanisms against the psychological impact of COVID-19. Therefore, there is a need for governments to develop and implement strategies for protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Africa Coping Mechanisms COVID-19 Factors Healthcare Workers Mental Health Pandemic Psychological Impact

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APICNIC

空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2017年第8期 16-17,51页

作者： ruth Devlin

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Let＇s Go SKIING

空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2018年第1期 42-44,55,56页

作者： ruth Devlin

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It＇s a Date!

空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2017年第8期 43-45,55,56页

作者： ruth Devlin

Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第8期14卷 271-328页

作者： Steward Mudenda Billy Chabalenge Victor Daka ruth Lindizyani Mfune Kyembe Ignitius Salachi Shafiq Mohamed Webrod Mufwambi Maisa Kasanga Scott Kaba Matafwali Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Medicines Management and Pharmacy Services St James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that has escalated due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the environment. Developing and implementing strategies to reduce and combat AMR is critical. Purpose: This study aimed to highlight some global strategies that can be implemented to address AMR using a One Health approach. Methods: This study employed a narrative review design that included studies published from January 2002 to July 2023. The study searched for literature on AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in PubMed and Google Scholar using the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: This study reveals that AMR remains a significant global public health problem. Its severity has been markedly exacerbated by inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the broader ecological environment. Several strategies have been developed to address AMR, including the Global Action Plan (GAP), National Action Plans (NAPs), AMS programs, and implementation of the AWaRe classification of antimicrobials. These strategies also involve strengthening surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and resistance, encouraging the development of new antimicrobials, and enhancing regulations around antimicrobial prescribing, dispensing, and usage. Additional measures include promoting global partnerships, combating substandard and falsified antimicrobials, advocating for vaccinations, sanitation, hygiene and biosecurity, as well as exploring alternatives to antimicrobials. However, the implementation of these strategies faces various challenges. These challenges include low awareness and knowledge of AMR, a shortage of human resources and capacity building for AMR and AMS, in adequate funding for AMR and AMS initiatives, limited laboratory capacities for surveillance, behavioural change issues, and ineffective leadership and multidisciplinary teams. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study established that AMR is prevale

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Stewardship AWaRe Classification One Health Approach One Health Perspective Strategies Surveillance