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Biochar improves diary pasture yields by alleviating P and K constraints with no influence on soil respiration or N2O emissions

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 115-126页

作者： Lukas van Zwieten Stephen Kimber Stephen morris Lynne m.macdonald Josh rust Scott Petty Stephen Joseph Terry Rose NSW Department of Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbar 2477NSWAustralia CSIRO Land and Water Agriculture and Food/Sustainable Agricultural Flagship UrrbraeSA 5064Australia School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesKensington 2033NSWAustralia Southern Cross Plant Science Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia Centre for Organics Research Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia

Dairy pastures can be a major source of soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions due to the combination of intensive nitrogen(N)fertiliser use and high soil water content,from either rainfall and/or *** application is a promising approach to lower soil greenhouse gas emissions,particularly under high soil moisture conditions where denitrification is the primary N-transformation *** a replicated field trial,we evaluated the effects of two contrasting biochars derived from poul-try litter and from hardwood on soil N_(2)O emissions,soil ammonium(NH4^(+))and nitrate(NO3^(−))status,pasture productivity and herbage nutrient content.A liming treatment to mimic the liming equivalence of the poultry litter biochar was used to separate any effects observed from changes in soil *** further separate the effects of biochars on soil N status,N_(2)O emissions and pasture N uptake,high and low N fertiliser doses(annual application of 672 kg N ha^(−1),336 kg N ha^(−1))were superimposed across all of the *** N fertiliser dose had no significant impact on pasture *** of poultry litter biochar resulted in significant increases in pasture productivity under both high and low N *** was achieved by alleviating soil P,and possibly K nutritional constraints that are typical in Australian *** the high N fertiliser dose,emissions of N_(2)O from the treatments and control were not significantly different(p>0.05)and ranged between 1.14 and 1.78 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1)across the 11-month *** low N dose resulted in significantly lower emissions of N_(2)O of between 0.80 and 0.84 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1),but biochar had no significant effect on net emissions across the *** lack of impact of biochar on N_(2)O emissions was attributed to the relatively dry conditions over the trial period resulting in nitrification being the most likely N-transformation *** brief episodes of high soil moisture,peak emissions from the bio

关键词： Ferralsol Autochamber methodology Nitrification Urea Lime Poultry litter biochar Hardwood biochar Emission intensity

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汽车式交叉台链LORAN大气探测系统(m-CLASS)的试验

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气象科技 1990年第6期18卷 70-77页

作者： W.D.rust 成蹊

我们已对NCAR的交叉台链LORAN大气探测系统(CLASS)在一种完全汽车化的结构(称之为m-CLASS)中进行了试验。探空仪使用LORAN-C导航信号以便能计算出气球的位置和水平风。在非风暴环境下,热力学和风的资料几乎总是高质量的。除了为业务预... 详细信息

我们已对NCAR的交叉台链LORAN大气探测系统(CLASS)在一种完全汽车化的结构(称之为m-CLASS)中进行了试验。探空仪使用LORAN-C导航信号以便能计算出气球的位置和水平风。在非风暴环境下,热力学和风的资料几乎总是高质量的。除了为业务预报和研究计划提供专门的探空资料外,用m-CLASS进行汽车放球的一个主要特点是能够通过气球携带的其他飞行仪器获得附加资料。1987年春季,在最初的47次试验飞行中,我们让电场仪随同探空仪一起8次进入风暴飞行。在风暴中,气压、温度、湿度和风资料分别在约80％、75％、60％和40％的时间里是高质量的。在一次进入中尺度气旋的飞行中,我们在负电荷区测量到高达-135kV/m的电场[在高度10kmmSL(平均海平面)]。几个风暴的电场数据使我们能对发生丢失LORAN数据的条件作定量评定。LORAN信号跟踪在中值约16kV/m的电场处丢失,在中值约7kV/m的电场处恢复。探空仪上LORAN天线的电晕放电是LORAN信号丢失的原因。我们经由业余包广播把午后的m-CLASS试验探测资料提供给设在俄克拉何马州诺曼的国家气象局预报台,还提供给国家强风暴预报中心。这些探测资料表明对改进业务预报是有潜力的。其他试验飞行说明m-CLASS资料可以提供大平原低空急流演变的高分辨率信息。我们对Gilbert飓凤的拦截提供了风暴右部象限的m-CLASS探测资料。大致在有报告说南得克萨斯出现陆龙卷的时候,我们观测到在探测的最低层有明显的风切变。这一拦截证实了在飓凤和热带风暴登陆阶段中取得m-CLASS资料的可能性。

关键词： m-CLASS 大气探测 LORAN 探测资料业务预报陆龙卷风暴预报低空急流探空资料登陆阶段

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The Electrode for Potentiometric Determinаtion of Chromium (III, VI) in Wаter Solutions

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Journal of materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 52-56页

作者： Shаmshiyа Аmerkhаnovа Dana Belgibayeva rust.m Shlyаpov Аitolkyn Uаli Depаrtment of Chemicаl Engineering аnd Petroleum Chemistry Buketov Kаrаgаndy Stаte University Kаrаgаndy Kаzаkhstаn Depаrtment of Physicаl аnd Аnаlyticаl Chemistry Buketov Kаrаgаndy Stаte University Kаrаgаndy Kаzаkhstаn

The possibility of determining of chromium (III, VI) ions was investigated in this paper. It is shown that the electrode on а basis of heаzlewoodite has high selectivity to chromium (III) ions. Also the stability constants of complexes, forming in system “Cr3+-mohr’s salt-Ca(OH)2-PVA ÷ PAA” were determined by potentiometric titration with ion-selective electrode.

关键词： Heаzlewoodite Chromium (III VI) Ions Potentiometric method

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Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第8期8卷 401-410页

作者： Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta m Nagel manuel O Carranza Doris mayr Christian rust Peter Fickert michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk Department of medicine Ⅱ Liver Center Munich University of Munich Institute of Pathology University of Munich Department of medicine Ⅰ Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Research Unit for Experimental and molecular Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Hans Popper Laboratory of molecular Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ Medical University of Vienna Transplant Center munich of the University of munich

AIm: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse ***: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P mannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TImP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P mann-Whitney U-te

关键词： Cholestasis Primary sclerosing cholangitis The ATP-binding cassette transporter b4 Liver fibrosis Interleukin-1

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Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 666-679页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.mITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYmOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Joshua rust Scott DONNE Paul mUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOmAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria m.SOLAImAN Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Electron microscopy Center AIIMUniversity of Wollongong Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University marron Brook Farm Warren Catchments Council 52 Bath StManjimup 6258 (Australia) mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Institute of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research Organization Centre for marine Bio-Innovation School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South Wales Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087)The University of Western Australia

Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon （C）, but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soft profile by dung beetles. We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow＇s gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows.

关键词： animal husbandry biochar C sequestration dung beetles financial benefit pasture

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营销战略与华尔街:确定营销的影响

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经济资料译丛 2011年第3期 60-63页

作者： Dominique m. Hanssens（） Roland T. rust（） Rajendra K. Srivastava（）王波（译）不详（浙江）宁波大红鹰学院经管分院 315015

股价主要是基于公司的财务报表，股票分析师的分析使其有所增加。营销支出的最高目标应当是啬公司的价值，但是从营销支出到股份的道路通常驻是曲折的。

关键词：营销战略华尔街股票分析师财务报表公司支出股价股份

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Epistasis and maternal Effect in Resistance to Puccinia coronata ***. avenae Eriks in Oats(Avena sp.)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第10期9卷 1462-1466页

作者： Bnejdi F Hammami I Allagui m B Saadoun m el Gazzah m Laboratoire de Génétique et Biométrie Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université Tunis Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie(INRAT) Rue Hadi Karray

The objective of this paper was to investigate the mode of heredity for resistance in oats （Avena sp.） to crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks, Eight generations of 2 crosses were used to estimate genetic effects and narrow-sense heritability （NSH）. Separate generation means analysis （GmA） indicated a complex gene action controlling this trait with additive, dominance, epistatic and maternal effects （mE）. The genetic model which assumed no epistasis and no mE did not accurately describe the resistance to P. coronata. In both crosses, the digenic epistatic model with mE was sufficient to explain variation in generation means for isolate CRec58 and isolate CRec46. Additive dominance and epistatic components were negative in most cases, suggesting that gene effects contributed more to the resistance than to the susceptibility. The estimated values of NSH were 15-99% depending upon the cross and isolates. The results indicated that appropriate choice of maternal parent and recurrent selection would increase resistance to crown rust in oats.

关键词： epistasis heritability maternal effect resistance

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应用新型探头瞬时弹性成像对肥胖病人非酒精性脂肪肝进行无创性分期

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国际医学放射学杂志 2010年第6期 591-592页

作者： m.Friedrich-rust H.Hadji-Hosseini S.Kriener E.Herrmann I.Sircar A.Kau 何岸苇 Department of Internal medicine 1 Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University HospitalTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590Frankfurt am MainGermany.Mireen

目的瞬时弹性成像(TE)在非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)和脂肪肝(NASH)病人的肝纤维化分期中已显示出显著的结果,而25%的肥胖病人使用标准TE探头时不能检查出上述病变。这项研究的目的是评价一种新型的XL

关键词：超声纤维扫描肝脏活检脂肪肝非酒精性脂肪肝

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Simulation Experiment of Loading Influence to Reinforcement Corrosion Affected by Stray Current and Salt Solution

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武汉理工大学学报 2010年第17期32卷 147-151页

作者： TENG H W YANG S m SHU Z C HUANG Y HUO D College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Beijing Key Lab of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Retrofit Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

According to the service environment of subway structure,experiment is carried out to simulate influence of different loading levels to reinforcement corrosion of R.C element affected by stray current and chlorine salt solution. The current density of the corrosion is measured with the linear polarization resistance method,together with the qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. Experiment shows that rebar corrosion current density increase accordingly with the increase of loading level. The quantitative relations and the time of rust corrosion of reinforcement are obtained.

关键词： reinforcement corrosion stray current chloride ion solution loading level simulation experiment

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Design and Pilot Programs of marine Exposure Station of A Sea-crossing Bridge

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武汉理工大学学报 2010年第17期32卷 131-136页

作者： QIN m Q WANG C J TU L Q ZHANG G Z SUN T X Wuhan Harbour Engineering Design and Research Co. Ltd. Wuhan 430071China Key Lab of Large-span Bridge Construction Technology Ministry of CommunicationsWuhan 430071China Zhejiang Province Zhoushan Island Linking Construction Commanding Department Zhoushan 316032China School of materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

This paper presents the Location,the structural design as well as the anti-corrosion and the pilot programs of the marine exposure station of Zhoushan Archipelago seas sea-crossing bridges. Subjected to the marine environment,the concrete structures in serve with different mixing proportions,cover thickness,additional anti-corrosion measures such as rust-preventing agent,coating,penetration crystalline waterproof material,silicone and permeable fabric were studied. Those results obtained provide important information for the maintenance of marine concrete and the structural design of sea-crossing bridges in the above sea area.

关键词： exposure station sea-crossing bridge marine concrete durability design

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