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Genome-wide association studies of lactation yields of milk, fat, protein and somatic cell score in New Zealand dairy goats

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 937-949页

作者： Megan Scholtens Andrew Jiang Ashley Smith Mathew Littlejohn Klaus Lehnert russell snell Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Dorian Garrick Hugh Blair AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding School of AgricultureMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand Applied Translational Genetics Group School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Research and Development Livestock Improvement CorporationRuakura RoadHamiltonNew Zealand.

Background: Identifying associations between genetic markers and traits of economic importance will provide practical benefits for the dairy goat industry, enabling genomic prediction of the breeding value of individuals, and facilitating discovery of the underlying genes and mutations. Genome-wide association studies were implemented to detect genetic regions that are significantly associated with effects on lactation yields of milk(MY), fat(FY),protein(PY) and somatic cell score(SCS) in New Zealand dairy ***: A total of 4,840 goats were genotyped with the Caprine 50 K SNP chip(Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA).After quality filtering, 3,732 animals and 41,989 SNPs were analysed assuming an additive linear model. Four GWAS models were performed, a single-SNP additive linear model and three multi-SNP Bayes C models. For the single-SNP GWAS, SNPs were fitted individually as fixed covariates, while the Bayes C models fit all SNPs simultaneously as random effects. A cluster of significant SNPs were used to define a haplotype block whose alleles were fitted as covariates in a Bayesian model. The corresponding diplotypes of the haplotype block were then fit as class variables in another Bayesian ***: Across all four traits, a total of 43 genome-wide significant SNPs were detected from the SNP GWAS. At a genome-wide significance level, the single-SNP analysis identified a cluster of variants on chromosome 19 associated with MY, FY, PY, and another cluster on chromosome 29 associated with SCS. Significant SNPs mapped in introns of candidate genes(45%), in intergenic regions(36%), were 0–5 kb upstream or downstream of the closest gene(14%) or were synonymous substitutions(5%). The most significant genomic window was located on chromosome 19 explaining up to 9.6% of the phenotypic variation for MY, 8.1% for FY, 9.1% for PY and 1% for ***: The quantitative trait loci for yield traits on chromosome 19 confirms reported findings in other dairy goat p

关键词： Dairy goat GWAS Milk production New Zealand QTL

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A Capra hircus chromosome 19 locus linked to milk production influences mammary conformation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 697-706页

作者： Andrew Jiang Alex Ankersmit-Udy Sally-Anne Turner Megan Scholtens Mathew D.Littlejohn Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Colin G.Proser russell G.snell Klaus Lehnert Applied Translational Genetics Group School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Dairy Goat Co-operative HamiltonNew Zealand Cawthron Institute NelsonNew Zealand AL Rae Centre of Genetics and Breeding Massey UniversityHamiltonNew Zealand Dairy Cattle Breeding and Genetics School of Agriculture&EnvironmentMassey UniversityHamiltonNew Zealand

Background:Economically important milk production traits including milk volume,milk fat and protein yield vary considerably across dairy goats in New Zealand.A significant portion of the variation is attributable to genetic *** of genetic markers linked to milk production traits can be utilised to drive selection of highperformance animals.A previously reported genome wide association study across dairy goats in New Zealand identified a quantitative trait locus(QTL)located on chromosome *** most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)marker for this locus is located at position 26,610,610(SNP marker rs268292132).This locus is associated with multiple milk production traits including fat,protein and *** predicted effect of selection for the beneficial haplotype would result in an average production increase of 2.2 kg fat,1.9 kg protein and 73.6 kg milk *** outstanding question was whether selection for the beneficial allele would co-select for any negative pleiotropic *** adverse relationship between milk production and udder health traits has been reported at this ***,a genome wide association study was undertaken looking for loci associated with udder ***:The QTL and production associated marker rs268292132 was identified in this study to also be associated with several goat udder traits including udder depth(UD),fore udder attachment(FUA)and rear udder attachment(RUA).Our study replicates the negative relationship between production and udder traits with the high production allele at position 19:26,610,610(SNP marker rs268292132)associated with an adverse change in UD,FUA and ***:Our study has confirmed the negative relationship between udder traits and production traits in the NZ goat *** have found that the frequency of the high production allele is relatively high in the NZ goat population,indicating that its effect on udder conformation is not significantly

关键词： Capra hircus Milk production Pleiotropic effects Quantitaive trait loci Udder conformation

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Coconuts

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英语世界 2025年第1期 127-128页

作者： russell Evans

Familiar coconut products If you mention coconuts to people from Western cultures, they may think about a large, brown shell with a layer of hard white flesh inside. Shoppers in Western supermarkets may also be familiar with packets of dried coconut used for making cakes, or cans of coconut milk used in some kinds of curry. But not many people will know how versatile coconuts are in their native tropical and subtropical regions.

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An inexpensive underwater mine countermeasures simulator with real-time 3D after action review

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 367-379页

作者： Robert STONE Timothy snell Neil COOKE Human Interface Technologies Team University of Birmingham UK University of Birmingham UK

This paper presents the results of a concept capability demonstration pilot study, the aim of which was to investigate how inexpensive gaming software and hardware technologies could be exploited in the development and evaluation of a simulator prototype for training Royal Navy mine clearance divers, specifically focusing on the detection and accurate reporting of the location and condition of underwater ordnance. The simulator was constructed using the Blender open source 3D modelling toolkit and game engine, and featured not only an interactive 3D editor for underwater scenario generation by instructors, but also a real-time, 3D After Action Review(AAR) system for formative assessment and *** simulated scenarios and AAR architecture were based on early human factors observations and briefings conducted at the UK's Defence Diving School(DDS), an organisation that provides basic military diving training for all Royal Navy and Army(Royal Engineers) divers. An experimental pilot study was undertaken to determine whether or not basic navigational and mine detection components of diver performance could be improved as a result of exposing participants to the AAR system, delivered between simulated diving scenarios. The results suggest that the provision of AAR was accompanied by significant performance improvements in the positive identification of simulated underwater ordnance(in contrast to non-ordnance objects) and on participants' description of their location, their immediate in-water or seabed context and their structural condition. Only marginal improvements were found with participants' navigational performance in terms of their deviation accuracies from a pre-programmed expert search path. Overall, this project contributes to the growing corpus of evidence supporting the development of simulators that demonstrate the value of exploiting open source gaming software and the significance of adopting established games design techniques in delivering highly

关键词： Simulation Virtual reality Diver training Ordnance disposal Mine clearance

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Why some tumours trigger neovascularisation and others don't:the story thus far

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第2期35卷 69-79页

作者： Omanma Adighibe russell D.Leek Marta Fernandez-Mercado Jiangting Hu Cameron snell Kevin C.Gatter Adrian L.Harris Francesco Pezzella Radcliffe Department of Medicine Nuffield Division of Laboratory ScienceJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research Molecular Haematology UnitNuffield Division of Laboratory ScienceJohn Radcliffe Hospital Biodonostia Research Institute Department of Medical Oncology Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe Hospital

Background:Angiogenesis is not essential for tumours to develop and expand,as cancer can also grow in a nonangiogenic fashion,but why this type of growth occurs is ***,our data from mRNA transcription profiling did not show any differences in the classical angiogenic pathways,but differences were observed in mitochondrial metabolic pathways,suggesting a key role for metabolic *** then validated these results with mRNA profiling by investigating differential protein expression via immunohistochemistry in angiogenic and non-angiogenic non-small cell lung cancers(NSCLCs).Methods:Immunohistochemical staining for 35 angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related biomarkers were performed on a collection of 194 angiogenic and 73 non-angiogenic NSCLCs arranged on tissue *** of P53 was performed with frozen tissue samples of ***:The non-angiogenic tumours were distinguished from the angiogenic ones by having higher levels of proteins associated with ephrin pathways,mitochondria,cell biogenesis,and hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF1) regulation by oxygen and transcription of HIF-controlled genes but lower levels of proteins involved in the stroma,cell-cell signaling and adhesion,integrins,and Delta-Notch and epidermal growth factor(EGF)-related ***,proteins classically associated with angiogenesis were present in both types of tumours at very comparable *** expression of P53 was strongly associated with non-angiogenic tumours.A pilot investigation showed that P53 mutations were observed in 32.0%of angiogenic cases but in 71.4%of non-angiogenic ***:Our observations thus far indicate that both angiogenic and non-angiogenic tumours experience hypoxia/HIF and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) pathway protein expression in a comparable ***,angiogenesis does not ensue in the non-angiogenic ***,metabolic reprogramming seems to distinguish these two types of ne

关键词： Cancer, Angiogenesis, Hypoxia, Blood vessels

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New approaches to vibrational spectroscopy of zeolite catalysts: a perspective

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第11期18卷 151-156页

作者： russell F Howe Chemistry Department University of AberdeenAberdeen 999020UK

This perspective discusses three alternative techniques which complement conventional infrared spectroscopy for obtaining vibrational information about zeolite catalysts and adsorbed molecules:inelastic neutron scattering,infrared micro-spectroscopy,and two-dimensional infrared *** techniques are illustrated briefly and future prospects for their use discussed.

关键词： FTIR zeolites INS micro-spectroscopy 2D FTIR

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Utilising the scientific method to demonstrate that slender beam/column behaviour is the dominant behavioural mechanism leading to roof/rib failure

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第5期31卷 867-887页

作者： Mark Colwell russell Frith Colwell Geotechnical Services CaloundraQLD 4551Australia Mine Advice Pty Ltd BeresfieldNSW 2322Australia

As per most other earth science engineering problems,the underground coal geotechnical environment and the way in which roof and rib support interacts with the rock mass are complex *** is therefore generally recognised that without prudent simplification,the complexity of the problem will overwhelm all current geotechnical methods of modelling,not least for the reason that a rock mass can never be characterised to a level that allows a"non-simplified"*** fact that numerical models,which are commonly purported to be a"simulation"tool and the so-called epitome of advanced geotechnical engineering,always need to be"calibrated"to a known reality is taken to be conclusive proof of this *** the problem should not be oversimplified(*** dominant failure mechanisms or critical data input parameters should not be ignored),without question judicious simplification is at the heart of all engineering design,to the point that it has a well-established name–"reductionism".The hypothesis addressed in this paper,is that horizontal and vertical stress-driven slender beam and column behaviour(which includes unstable Euler Buckling)are respectively the dominant(but not only)roadway roof and ribline behavioural mechanism that(if not controlled)can lead to excessive deformation,failure and eventual *** a part of the Scientific Method,a hypothesis can only be tested via real-world observations,measurements and analyses in establishing it is a credible *** the Scientific Method,this paper demonstrates that slender beam/column behaviour is the dominant instability mechanism within a coal mine roof/rib subject to elevated horizontal/vertical stress conditions and therefore,must be representatively accounted for in any credible empirical,analytical,or numerical approach to coal mine roof/rib stability assessment and associated ground support design.

关键词： Prudent simplification Behavioural mechanisms Support design Delamination Axial stress Buckling

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Reusing oxide-based pulverised fly ash and medical waste particles to develop electroless nickel composite coatings(Ni–P/fly ash and Ni–P/SiO2–Al2O3)

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第8期27卷 1147-1156页

作者： Franco Mayanglambam Mark russell School of Natural and Built Environment Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781038India

Recycling and reusing materials from waste have become a nexus in the development of sustainable materials,leading to more balanced *** this study,we developed a composite coating by co-depositing recycled ceramic particles,pulverised fly ash(PFA)and medical ceramics(MC),into a nickel–phosphorus matrix using a typical electroless plating *** electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated well-dispersed particles in the Ni–P ***,compared with the MC particles,the PFA particles were distributed scantily with a lower content in the matrix,which could be due to the less impingement effect during the co-deposition.A modified microstructure with refined grains was obtained for the PFA-incorporated composite coating,as seen in the SEM *** X-ray diffraction result of the MC-incorporated composite coating showed the formation of Nix Siy phases in addition to the typical Ni3 P phases for the heattreated electroless Ni–P *** heat treatment,the PFA-reinforced composite coating,due to a modified microstructure,exhibited a higher microhardness up to HK0.05818,which is comparable to that of the traditional SiC particle-embedded composite coating(HK0.05825).The findings can potentially open up a new strategy to further advance the green approach for industrial surface engineering.

关键词： electroless plating waste ceramics fly ash particles microstructure microhardness

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Beyond the Receptor

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 195-197页

作者： russell Jones

Had this Special Issue on plant hormones been published 5 years ago, it is likely that details about biosynthetic pathways would have taken center stage. As articles in this issue show, however, the field of plant hor...

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Human-Like Robot Sensing Mediated by Body Heat

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第1期11卷 82-89页

作者： R. Andrew russell Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia

This paper presents a novel robotic sensor system that can monitor volatile chemicals and airflow. The system is modelled on characteristics of the human body that are thought to have a significant influence on the human odour and airflow senses. In particular, the effect of buoyant airflow due to body heat acts to gather volatile chemicals over large areas of the human body and carry them to the nose. It is postulated that this effect increases the receptive area for human olfaction. In addition, the interaction between rising air heated by the body and external airflow produces a temperature distribution about head height that can be used to infer airflow direction and magnitude. A heated sensor system was constructed to investigate these effects and the resulting sensor was mounted on a mobile robot. The design of the sensor system is described. Results are presented which demonstrate its ability to measure airflow direction and detect chemical signals over a wider receptive field compared with an unheated sensor.

关键词： sensing volatile chemicals sensing airflow human body heat biomimetic robots

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