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Numerical Study of the Dynamic, Thermodynamic and Microstructural Parameters of Convective Clouds

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Natural Science 2018年第2期10卷 63-69页

作者： Vitaly A. Shapovalov Alexander V. Shapovalov Boris P. Koloskov ruslan Kh. Kalov Valery N. Stasenko Department of Cloud Physics High-Mountain Geophysical Institute Nalchik Russia Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “Agency of Atmospheric Technologies” Moscow Russia State research center on Space Hydrometeorology PLANETA Moscow Russia

On the basis of a three-dimensional non stationary model of a convective cloud with detailed description of dynamic, thermodynamic and microphysical processes, numerical experiments were conducted to study the formation of parameters of convective clouds under unstable stratification of the atmosphere. Numerical experiments have been carried out to study the formation of convective processes in the atmosphere. The thermo hydrodynamic parameters in the zone of a thunderstorm cloud are determined, and regions with a vortex motion of air are identified. The main flows feeding the convective cloud in the mature stage are determined. Due to the means of visualization, the areas of formation and growth of precipitation particles are identified. In a three-dimensional form, the interaction of dynamic and thermodynamic processes is analyzed. The interaction of fields is manifested in the form of deformation of fields of thermodynamic parameters under the influence of dynamic processes. Trajectories of air streams around a cloud and the trajectories of drops in a cloud are determined. The results of numerical experiments confirm that dynamic processes significantly influence the formation of fields of thermodynamic parameters in the cloud, which also determine the course of microphysical processes and the nature of the growth of precipitation particles.

关键词： Numerical 3D Modeling Convective Processes in the Atmosphere Thermodynamic Parameters Microstructural Parameters Velocity Field of Air Flow Particles Trajectories

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下一个蓝点

中国国家天文 2015年第10期9卷 94-101页

作者： ruslan Belikov Eduardo Bendek 吴蕴豪

1990年，应卡尔·萨根的请求，美国宇航局（NASA）的工程师将“旅行者”1号转向内太阳系，操纵其远距离相机从65亿公里外拍摄了一张地球的影像。这就是我们的行星家园的那幅摄影名作——“淡蓝之点”，萨根将其比作“悬浮在阳光中的一... 详细信息

1990年，应卡尔·萨根的请求，美国宇航局（NASA）的工程师将“旅行者”1号转向内太阳系，操纵其远距离相机从65亿公里外拍摄了一张地球的影像。这就是我们的行星家园的那幅摄影名作——“淡蓝之点”，萨根将其比作“悬浮在阳光中的一粒尘埃”。

关键词： “旅行者”1号蓝点美国宇航局太阳系工程师远距离

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Vim 8文本处理实战

作者： (美)鲁斯兰·奥西波夫(ruslan Osipov)

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消泡剂、增稠剂和有机硅添加剂

中国涂料 1998年第5期13卷 40-42页

作者： Kwee k. Y. Cynthia and ruslan Rasiman

Performances and applications of some Rhodia products, including defoamers, thickeners and silicone additives are oultined.

关键词：消泡剂涂料增稠剂有机硅添加剂助剂

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组织透明:研究述评与展望

外国经济与管理 2019年第6期41卷 43-58页

作者：陈建安佳美拉·鲁斯兰陈武武汉大学经济与管理学院湖北武汉430072 江西师范大学商学院江西南昌330022

组织透明成为人文社科领域炙手可热的研究主题之一,在深度和广度方面均被不断推进。遵循系统文献综述法,整合不同研究视角的组织透明文献,对拓展相关研究具有重要的意义。研究发现:内涵界定存在工具论(信息披露观和社交互动观)和伦理论... 详细信息

组织透明成为人文社科领域炙手可热的研究主题之一,在深度和广度方面均被不断推进。遵循系统文献综述法,整合不同研究视角的组织透明文献,对拓展相关研究具有重要的意义。研究发现:内涵界定存在工具论(信息披露观和社交互动观)和伦理论两大派系,其中工具论把组织透明当做自我调节的一种管理手段,伦理论则认为组织透明是展示诚实、真诚和美德的一种管理实践;透明前因包括信息特征、组织特性、利益相关者特征和外部环境四大类,并在组织—利益相关者互动过程中分别影响组织透明意愿的动机触发和组织透明实现的产生条件;组织透明带来的影响涉及组织自身和利益相关者的'双刃剑'效应,均存在'利之刃'和'伤之刃'两种内在矛盾机制。最后,展望了未来的研究方向。

关键词：组织透明利益相关者动机触发 “双刃剑”效应

Impregnation of Carbonate Rock with Bituminous Compounds. III. Thermophysical Properties of the Impregnation Material

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第13期6卷 1038-1049页

作者： Zufar I. Zaripov Ilgiz R. gabitov ruslan R. Nakipov Farid M. gumerov Mansur I. Farakhov Vener F. Khayrutdinov Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Kazan National Research Technological University” Kazan Russian Federation Limited Liability Company Engineering Promotional Center “Inzhekhim” Kazan Russian Federation

The investigation on thermodynamic properties (density ρ, viscosity ν) of heavy oil has been carried out in the temperature range 298 - 363 K at pressure 0.098 MPa, and thermal expansion coefficient αp at pressures up to 49 MPa. The results of specific heat measurements of oil and oil products are presented at pressures up to 29 MPa and temperatures up to 613 K for heavy oil and temperature range of 323 - 473 K at atmospheric pressure for oil products. Thermal effects occurring during the processing of crude oil have been investigated. According to the obtained values of thermal expansion coefficients, density of the oil has been calculated for pressures up to 49 MPa.

关键词： Heavy Crude Oil Mixtures Specific Heat Thermal Expansion Coefficient Density Viscosity Heat Effect

Mathematical Modeling of the Influence of the Wind Field Structure in the Atmosphere on the Cloud Formation Processes

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2018年第1期8卷 84-96页

作者： Boris A. Ashabokov Lyudmila M. Fedchenko Alexander V. Shapovalov Khazhbara M. Kalov ruslan Kh. Kalov Alla A. Tashilova Vitaly A. Shapovalov High-Mountain geophysical Institute Nalchik Russia Institute of Computer Science and Problems of Regional Management Kabardino-Balkarian Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Nalchik Russia

The state of the physics of convective clouds and cloud seeding is discussed briefly. It is noted that at the present time there is a transition from the stage of investigation of “elementary” processes in the clouds to the stage of studying the formation of macro- and microstructural characteristics of clouds as a whole, taking into account their system properties. The main directions of the development of cloud physics at the upcoming stage of its development are discussed. The paper points out that one of these areas is the determination of the structure-forming factors for the clouds and the study of their influence on their formation and evolution. It is noted that one of such factors is the interaction of clouds with their surrounding atmosphere, and the main method of studying its role in the processes of cloud formation is mathematical modeling. A three-dimensional nonstationary model of convective clouds is presented with a detailed account of the processes of thermohydrodynamics and microphysics, which is used for research. The results of modeling the influence of the wind field structure in the atmosphere on the formation and evolution of clouds are presented. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere have a significant effect on the formation of macro- and microstructural characteristics of convective clouds: the more complex the structure of the wind field in the atmosphere (i.e., the more intense the interaction of the atmosphere and the cloud), the less powerful the clouds are formed.

关键词： Wind in the Atmosphere Wind Field Structure Interaction with Clouds Mod-eling System Properties of Clouds Interaction of Clouds with the Atmosphere Three-Dimensional Cloud Model

Reducing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C virus infection by detecting resistance-associated substitutions in hepatitis C virus NS5A nonstructural protein

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2018年第S1期15卷 7-7页

作者： RozainaneeMohd Zain Nurul Asshikin ruslan Sairulahkma Awang Muhammad Adib Abd Wahab Ravindran Thayan Virology Unit Infectious Disease Research CenterInstitute for Medical ResearchJalan PahangKuala LumpurMalaysia

Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of liver cancer *** Malaysia,liver cancer is one of the main cancers detected in the population with an annual mortality rate of 6.1%in *** C virus(HCV)infection is one of the causes attributed to the incidence of *** infection remains a major concern in Malaysia as many people are unaware of their infection *** the accessibility and effectiveness of Direct Acting Agents(DAAs).

关键词： Reducing incidence hepatocellular

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先天免疫

生物技术通讯 2001年第1期12卷 78-80,T001-T002页

作者： ruslan Medzhitov Ph.D Charles Janeway Jr. M.D 张杰

传统上将免疫系统分为先天性和适应性成分，它们各自具有不同的功能和作用。适应性成分围绕两类特异细胞即T 细胞和B 细胞组成。由于每个淋巴细胞呈现单一类型的结构独特的受体，在整个淋巴细胞群的抗原受体库是非常庞大并极富多样性的... 详细信息

传统上将免疫系统分为先天性和适应性成分，它们各自具有不同的功能和作用。适应性成分围绕两类特异细胞即T 细胞和B 细胞组成。由于每个淋巴细胞呈现单一类型的结构独特的受体，在整个淋巴细胞群的抗原受体库是非常庞大并极富多样性的。这种庞大而多样的受体库增加了单个淋巴细胞通过其受体与抗原结合，从而启动细胞活化和增殖的可能性。这一过程叫做克隆选择，可用来解释适应性免疫系统的众多基本性质。　　感染时淋巴细胞的克隆放大对于产生有效免疫反应是绝对必要的，但产生足够的克隆数并分化成效应细胞往往要花3～5天的时间，这期间大多数病原体对机体已经造成了伤害。与之相反的是，先天免疫的效应机制中包括抗微生物肽、巨噬细胞和选择性补体通路，可以在感染后立即得到活化并快速控制感染病原体的复制。基于这一原因，长期以来人们一直把控制感染直到淋巴细胞能够开始对付外来病原体当作先天免疫的主要功能。然而人们越来越清楚的认识到，先天免疫在宿主防御中具有更为重要和基础的作用。本文将就先天免疫系统与适应性免疫系统的相互作用，及其在控制适应性免疫反应中的作用作一综述。　　这些发现的临床应用前景开始得到显现，希望它们有助于我们理解宿主对细菌的防御机制、适应性免疫系统建立的长期抗微生物保护作用的方式，以及可用于避免产生自身免疫的某些机制。先天和适应性免疫识别的策略　　先天和适应性免疫系统的主要区别在于其免疫识别的机制和受体不同。在适应性免疫系统中，T 细胞受体和B 细胞受体是由体细胞产生的，在T 细胞和B 细胞发育过程中，有一种方式赋予每个淋巴细胞产生结构独特的受体。由于这些受体不是由种系编码的，因此它们并不是预定地可以识别任何特异抗原。在随机产生的极为多样的受体库中，只有那些含有有用受体（如特异识别病原体的受体）的淋巴细胞，当其遇到恰好被它们特异识别的抗原后才被选择性的扩增。尽管这些有用的受体可能给某个后裔带来优先存活的优势，但并不能传递给下一代。不管这些针对共同环境病原体的抗原受体如何有益，它们都在每一代中得到更新。

关键词：免疫识别先天性免疫免疫反应