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Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol Produced Positive Place Preference in Mice without Significant <i>Ex-Vivo</i>Effect on Hepatic Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Activity: Implications for Its Addictive Liability and Absence of Effect on Xenobiotic Metabolism

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2021年第8期11卷 179-192页

作者： Lauriann Young Karen Thaxter Danielle Campbell Sheena Francis Nicola Laurieri rupika delgoda Physiology Section Department of Basic Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies (UWI) Mona Campus Kingston Jamaica Natural Products Institute The University of the West Indies (UWI) Mona Campus Kingston Jamaica Department of Pharmacology Oxford University Oxford England UK

Aim: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a potentially addictive cannabinoid. Its impact on the activity of liver arylamine N-Acetyltransferase (NAT) has not been reported. This study investigated the rewarding effects of Δ9-THC in mice and whether Δ9-THC had any impact ex-vivo and in-vitro on NAT activity. Methods: Thirty-six Swiss albinomice randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6) completed a biased, 8-week Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice exhibiting ~80% preference for the black chamber at pre-conditioning were selected. Treatment groups were administered Δ9-THC (0.10, 0.50 or 2.0 mg/kg/mL, ip) or amphetamine (AMP, 5.0 mg/kg/mL, ip);while untreated groups (controls) received vehicle solutions (coconut oil or 0.9% saline). Entries and time spent in the white, drug-paired chamber during a 15-min post-conditioning exploration of the CPP apparatus were compared with the pre-conditioning exploratory scores. Livers from Δ9-THC treated and untreated mice were excised and NAT enzyme activity determined ex-vivo using a spectrophotometric assay with p-anisidine as substrate. The impact of varying concentrations of Δ9-THC (0.00 - 162 μM) on the activities of NAT from untreated mice livers were also investigated in-vitro. Results: Δ9-THC treated mice entered and spent significantly more time in the drug-paired CPP chamber (p ≤ 0.05) at post-conditioning vs pre-conditioning (F = 11.22). Mice treated with 2.0 mg/kg Δ9-THC made significantly more entries into the drug-paired chamber (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with their vehicle controls. AMP-treated mice displayed significant (p In-vitro NAT evaluations revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory impact of Δ9-THC on NAT

关键词： Cannabis Marijuana Conditioned Place Preference Addiction Drug Reward

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Microplastic pollution in the Indian Ocean: Passageways and the contamination of the open ocean and its marine environment

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Toxicology Advances 2023年第2期5卷 21-33页

作者： Nayanathara Thathsarani rupika Rajakaruna Uthpala Jayawardena Department of Zoology The Open University of NawalaNawala 11222Sri Lanka Department of Zoology University of PeradeniyaPelledenier 20400Sri Lanka

Microplastics(MPs)are man-made litter receiving current conversation of interest as a silent pollutant to *** impact is high on the coastal waters,sediment and organisms of the marine *** is a pertinent requirement to investigate the microplastic MP contamination in the marine environment of the Asian region aiming at the world’s 3rd largest ocean,the Indian *** the different samples,Indian Ocean water and deep-sea sediment samples have mostly been investigated covering the Southwestern Sumatran region(Eastern Indian Ocean)which is a well-known domestic and industrial shipping *** of the tested samples were in the form of granules,fibers and fragments of 100-500μm and 38-6,330μm in size range respectively in deep-sea sediment samples and in ocean water ***,the prominent MPs types were PVC(polyvinyl chloride),PP(polypropylene)synthetic micro debris,Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA plastic micro debris,PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene),and *** plastic debris has also been found on surface ocean waters in the Eastern Indian Oceanic region as an emergent floating *** size range and the percentage abundance were documented as 0.5-5 mm and 50%***,the Western Indian Oceanic region has reported the highest percentage abundance of MPs in ocean waters(10.48%).These MPs were assumed to derive from fiber or fishing line material,regional fishery activities and the sewage disposal debris of tourist-based coastline anthropogenic *** polymer-specific sources that release this potential pollutant were not yet accurately *** review article elaborates on the topic by reviewing the MPs’pervasiveness,identifying different passageways and sources of discharging MPs to the Indian Ocean and finally the ecological and socio economic risks of the ***,it may highlight the knowledge gaps which more research studies should be focused on.

关键词： micro plastics Indian Ocean contamination floating litter

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