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基于扎根理论的跨学科博士后科研创新影响因素研究

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黑龙江高教研究 2024年第7期42卷 54-61页

作者：肖京林云南大学云南昆明650091

跨学科高层次拔尖创新人才是建设中国式现代化的重要战略资源。通过对20位跨学科博士后进行深度访谈,以扎根理论为分析方法,探索了跨学科博士后科研创新的影响因素与作用机制。研究结果发现,自我认知、学科认同、工作状态、支持体系、... 详细信息

跨学科高层次拔尖创新人才是建设中国式现代化的重要战略资源。通过对20位跨学科博士后进行深度访谈,以扎根理论为分析方法,探索了跨学科博士后科研创新的影响因素与作用机制。研究结果发现,自我认知、学科认同、工作状态、支持体系、效价计算与心理韧性是影响跨学科博士后科研创新的主要因素。自我认知、学科认同构成跨学科博士后科研创新的内部驱动因素,直接影响着科研创新的意愿;工作状态、支持体系是跨学科博士后科研创新的外部情境因素,强化着科研创新行为;效价计算、心理韧性是科研创新的内部情境因素,调节着科研创新的行为。基于此,构建了“认知-情境-行为”作用机制模型。为促进跨学科博士后科研创新,建议博士后应明晰自我认知,坚定学术信念;博士后管理部门应转变学科观念,完善制度,构建全面支持体系,为博士后科研创新营造良好的制度与科研环境。

关键词：跨学科博士后科研创新影响因素

牦牛致病性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力及影响因素分析

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农业生物技术学报 2024年第4期32卷 873-881页

作者：高翔黎会苹郎啸贺子文王婧虹王霞宁建刚天水师范学院生物工程与技术学院甘肃省天祝藏族自治县农业农村局

生物被膜广泛存在于自然环境中，作为细菌重要的抗应激机制之一，具有较强的耐药性、致病性及免疫逃逸的功能。为建立牦牛(Bos grunniens)致病性大肠杆菌(Yak pathogenic Escherichia coli, YPEC)生物被膜形成模式菌株，探讨各种外界因... 详细信息

生物被膜广泛存在于自然环境中，作为细菌重要的抗应激机制之一，具有较强的耐药性、致病性及免疫逃逸的功能。为建立牦牛(Bos grunniens)致病性大肠杆菌(Yak pathogenic Escherichia coli, YPEC)生物被膜形成模式菌株，探讨各种外界因子对YPEC生物被膜形成的影响，本研究以YPEC天祝-1、天祝-2、天祝-3、青海-2、青海-3和青海-4分离株为研究对象，通过微孔板定量法鉴定YPEC生物被膜的形成能力，以筛选出生物被膜强菌株作为优势菌株，进而分析生物被膜形成的影响因素。结果表明，YPEC不同分离株形成生物被膜的能力不同，天祝-1株、天祝-2株和天祝-3株均为强生物被膜形成者，青海-3株和青海-4株均为中等生物被膜形成者，青海-2株为弱生物被膜形成者，其中天祝-3株形成生物被膜的能力最强(P<0.05)。当培养时间24 h、温度37℃、pH 7.5、起始菌液浓度1.3×109CFU/mL、10%菌液比例条件下天祝-3株生物被膜形成量最佳；LB培养基中添加20μg/mL DNA和2%蔗糖均有助于促进生物被膜的形成，而添加不同浓度的NaCl、葡萄糖和乳糖均对生物被膜的形成有抑制作用。本研究为从生物被膜角度开展YPEC防控提供数据支撑和理论依据。

关键词：牦牛致病性大肠杆菌(YPEC) 生物被膜形成能力

Effect of dissolved components of malachite and calcite on surface properties and flotation behavior

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第7期30卷 1297-1309页

作者： Zhihao Shen Shuming wen Han Wang Yongchao Miao xiao Wang Shengbing Meng Qicheng Feng State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Faculty of Land Resource EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

In general,malachite is recovered via sulfidization–xanthate flotation,although many unsatisfactory flotation indexes are frequently obtained as a result of the presence of associated *** phenomenon occurs because the dissolved components of malachite and calcite affect the flotation behavior of both *** this study,the effect of the dissolved components derived from malachite and calcite on the flotation behavior and surface characteristics of both minerals was *** tests indicated that malachite recovery decreased when the calcite supernatant was introduced,while the presence of the malachite supernatant increased the recovery of *** and adsorption tests,along with zeta potential measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,and timeof-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry demonstrated that the Ca species in the calcite supernatant were adsorbed on the malachite surface,which hindered the interaction of Na2S with malachite,thereby resulting in the insufficient adsorption of sodium isoamyl xanthate(NaIX)on the surface of *** contrast,the Cu species in the malachite supernatant were adsorbed on the calcite surface,and they provided active sites for the subsequent adsorption of Na_(2)S and NaIX.

关键词： malachite calcite dissolved components sulfidization-xanthate flotation surface properties

正交异性钢桥面板U肋顶板全熔透焊缝制造工艺与疲劳性能研究

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公路 2024年第9期69卷 72-78页

作者：邹晓琴江西建设职业技术学院南昌市330200

正交异性钢桥面板U肋顶板焊接细节的疲劳开裂问题突出,严重影响了桥梁工程的服役质量。为提高U肋顶板焊接细节的疲劳性能,基于先进的内焊技术研发U肋顶板双面全熔透焊接细节,通过工艺试验研究合理的焊接工艺参数和焊接接头质量;从构造... 详细信息

正交异性钢桥面板U肋顶板焊接细节的疲劳开裂问题突出,严重影响了桥梁工程的服役质量。为提高U肋顶板焊接细节的疲劳性能,基于先进的内焊技术研发U肋顶板双面全熔透焊接细节,通过工艺试验研究合理的焊接工艺参数和焊接接头质量;从构造细节和初始微裂纹两个层面开展了双面全熔透焊接细节的疲劳性能研究。研究结果表明,采用双面埋弧焊焊接工艺可有效保证全熔透焊接细节的成形质量,焊缝性能符合设计要求。通过工艺试验研究确定了不同工艺制造工艺(内平位外船位、内外分布埋弧焊和内外同步埋弧焊)的合理焊接参数。在构造细节层面,与单面焊相比,双面全熔透焊接细节主导开裂模式的等效结构应力幅降低10%;在初始微裂纹层面,初始微裂纹尺寸对疲劳寿命具有显著影响。从上述两个方面综合分析可得,双面全熔透焊接的疲劳寿命约为单面焊的两倍。

关键词：桥梁工程正交异性钢桥面板钢架制造双面全熔透焊接细节初始微裂纹疲劳性能

基于改进DeepLabv3的自然图像语义分割算法

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陕西科技大学学报 2024年第2期42卷 182-188页

作者：赵晓王若男杨晨李玥辰陕西科技大学电子信息与人工智能学院陕西西安710021

针对DeepLabv3模型对自然图像语义分割时存在的图像局部细节信息丢失导致的误分割和物体边缘分割不完整的问题,提出了一种改进DeepLabv3模型的自然图像语义分割网络,能够以更高的准确率实现自然图像的语义分割.首先,使用ResNet101作为... 详细信息

针对DeepLabv3模型对自然图像语义分割时存在的图像局部细节信息丢失导致的误分割和物体边缘分割不完整的问题,提出了一种改进DeepLabv3模型的自然图像语义分割网络,能够以更高的准确率实现自然图像的语义分割.首先,使用ResNet101作为骨干网络进行特征提取,把ResNet101网络最后两层提取到的特征图输入到设计的ACMix多重融合模块(ACMix Multiple Fusion Module,AMFM)中,有效获取不同尺度的空间特征信息,将融合之后的结果作为空洞空间金字塔池化模块(Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling,ASPP)的输入.其次,添加辅助分支模块(Auxiliary Branch Module,ABM),将ResNet101网络第三层提取到的特征图输入到ABM中,有效提取更丰富的边缘特征信息.最后,将主分支和辅助分支的结果融合作为输出,融合后的输出不仅追踪到了不同尺度的空间特征信息,而且提取到了完整的边缘特征信息,从而使模型更有效地提高分割精度.PASCAL VOC 2012数据集的结果表明,改进后的模型相比于原模型分割精度提升了3.21%,与其它网络模型相比,也具有较好的分割精度.

关键词：语义分割 DeepLabv3 多尺度特征融合

Near-Iinear elastic deformation behavior of a novel Zr-Ti-Nb-Sn alloy with multi-phase microstructures ofβ,α"andα'phases

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Rare Metals 2023年第5期42卷 1670-1677页

作者： wen Ma Hao Huang Wang Ding Shun Guo Hai-Xia Liu xiao-Nong Cheng School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China China Grinm Group Co. Ltd.Bejing100088China

In this work,a multi-phase Zr-30Ti-7Nb-4Sn alloy with large near-linear elastic deformability was prepared by the solution treatment plus pre-straining(S TP)treatment,and the underlying mechanism accountable for the near-linear elastic deformation was systematically *** was found that the Zr-30Ti-7Nb-4Sn alloy was composed ofβ,α″andα′phases,and numerous dislocations were formed in the alloy specimen after STP *** the retarding effect of high-density dislocations,the stress-induced martensitic(SIM)transformation fromβtoα″phases took place homogeneously and continuously during loading,in conjunction with the occurrence of elastic deformation ofβ,α″andα′*** the entire tensile procedure,no observable phase transformation occurred betweenα′martensite andβ***,the near-linear elastic deformation capability in STP Zr-30Ti-7Nb-4Sn alloy is mainly ascribed to the coupling actions of consecutiveβ→α″SIM transformation and intrinsic elastic deformation ofβ,α″andα′*** experimental results provide a basis for designing and developing novel multi-phase Zr-based alloys that possess large near-linear deformability.

关键词： Zr-based alloy Multi-phase Near-linear deformation behavior Martensitic transformation

Manipulating transition of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with a weak δ-shaped laser

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第10期28卷 263-268页

作者： Bo Li xiao-Jun Jiang xiao-Lin Li wen-Hua Hai Yu-Zhu Wang Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

We theoretically study the transition dynamics of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a train of weak δ-shaped laser pulses. We find that the atomic system can experience peculiar resonant transition even under weak optical excitations and derive the resonance condition by the perturbation method. Employing this mechanism, we propose a scheme to obtain an atomic ensemble with desired odd/even atom number and also a scheme to prepare a nonclassical state of the many-body system with fixed atom number.

关键词： two-component Bose-Einstein condensate quantum kicked top model nonclassical state

Variations, effectiveness and its associated factors of a nationwide web-based hypertension management training project in China: insights from a government-led campaign for 1.2 million lay health workers

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第7期21卷 733-750页

作者： Wei WANG Hai-Bo ZHANG Jia-Min LIU Yan LI Na TIAN Lei YAN Jin-xiao SONG Mei-Li LI Yue PENG Jing LI National Primary Health Care Hypertension Management Office National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular MedicationsFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a large-scale,web-based,in-service hypertension management training project among lay health workers(LHWs) at primary care health(PHC) settings in China,and to examine the factors contributing to the variations of *** We used data from a web-based national hypertension management training project implemented in 2018,it was designed to facilitate LHWs to learn,understand,and apply the relevant knowledge and skills in hypertension management through providing training courses by use of the web-based platform with unified *** LHWs were required to participate in the exams before and after training to acquire scores for the use of evaluating their performance of hypertension management *** first used descriptive analysis to present the variations of effectiveness in hypertension management knowledge among LHWs by important ***,we used multilevel logistic regression to examine the individual and regional factors contributing to the variations and quantify the magnitude of how these factors affected training *** There were 1,208,610 LHWs who completed training and were ***,the scores of LHWs increased significantly from 62.87 ± 21.14 out of 100 in the pre-test to 88.30 ± 11.31 in the post-test by 25.43(95% confidence interval[CI]:25.40-25.47).Training contents involved in antihypertensive medication showed the lowest score(54.36) in the pre-test and soared the most after training,up to 84.22 by 54.94%.Individual factors associated with disparities in the knowledge of hypertension management decreased substantially after training,which included sex,age,education,practice type,professional level,and hierarchy of working *** variations were shown at the provincial level,with the majority of them being explained by factors at the regional *** Accessible web-based training modality,government efforts,accompa

关键词： hypertension workers nationwide

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优化教育科技：是什么？怎么做？

现代教育技术 2024年第10期34卷 5-12页

作者：田爱丽肖敏华东师范大学教育学部上海市未来学习研究与发展中心

教育科技的持续迭代与不断优化是顺利推进教育数智化转型的重要维度。然而，技术的“适用性难题”正在制约着教育数智化转型的深入推进和高效实施，主要体现为企业标配产品不适用、设备工具操作不方便、数字教育资源不合用、平台及其数... 详细信息

教育科技的持续迭代与不断优化是顺利推进教育数智化转型的重要维度。然而，技术的“适用性难题”正在制约着教育数智化转型的深入推进和高效实施，主要体现为企业标配产品不适用、设备工具操作不方便、数字教育资源不合用、平台及其数据不互通、数智教育应用不智能。为突破上述困境，必须遵循教育科技的教育特性，如凸显交流、学生主体、学科有别、情境多元、技术隐身等。在此基础上，以“跨界共创”为优化路径，推动学校打造多方共创的项目推进机制、企业形成以需求为中心的研发模式、政府构建规避研发风险的制度环境，以此提升教育科技研发质量，使教育数智化的美好愿景真正落地。

关键词：数智教育教育科技跨界共创