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Coseismic surface rupture characteristics and earthquake damage analysis of the eastern end of the 2021 M_(S)7.4 Madoi(Qinghai)earthquake

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Earthquake Research Advances 2022年第2期2卷 49-58页

作者： Yanbo Zhang Yueren Xu Wenqiao Li runchao liu Ruoyu Mu Jiayi Li Da Zhang Haofeng Li Qinjian Tian Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction Institute of Earthquake ForecastingChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100036China Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

At 02:04 on May 22,2021,an M_(S)7.4 earthquake occurred in Madoi County in Qinghai Province,*** earthquake is the largest seismic event in China since the 2008M_(S) 8.0 Wenchuan ***,it is critical to investigate surface deformation and damage in time to accurately understand the seismogenic structure of the Madoi earthquake and the seismogenic capacity of the blocks in this *** study focuses on the Xuema Village,located at the eastern end of the coseismic surface ruptures produced by the event,and assesses the deformation and seismic damage in this area based on field surveys,UAV photogrammetry,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).The results indicate that the rupture scale is substantially smaller at the eastern end of the rupture zone compared to other *** echelon type shear tensile fractures are concentrated in a width range of 50–100 m,and the width of single fractures ranges from 20 to 30 *** contrast,the degree of seismic damage significantly increases at this *** of the brick and timber houses are damaged or collapsed,while the steel frame structures and the color steel houses are slightly *** than 80%of the bridge decks on the Changma River Bridge collapse,similar to the terraces along the Youerqu and Changma Rivers and the cut slopes of Provincial Highway *** infer that the seismogenic fault of the Madoi earthquake exerts a tail effect in this *** tension zone has led to a reduction at the eastern end of the rupture zone,causing shaking *** topography and buildings without earthquake-resistant construction along the strike of the rupture zone have undergone different levels of seismic damage.

关键词： 2021-5-22 Madoi M_(S)7.4 earthquake Coseismic surface rupture Kunlunshankou-Jiangcuo fault Bayan Har Block Tibetan Plateau

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非洲马里气田天然氢气井勘探案例介绍及全球天然氢气勘探进展

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石油与天然气地质 2024年第5期45卷 1502-1510页

作者：苏宇通金之钧刘润超王璐北京大学能源研究院北京100871 北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院北京102206 北京大学鄂尔多斯能源研究院内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010

为了促进中国天然氢气藏的勘探和开发,推动天然氢气分布、富集机制以及成藏条件等方面的研究,基于文献调研剖析了非洲陶德尼盆地马里天然氢气勘探实例,同时介绍了全球天然氢气勘探进展。研究表明:马里氢气田的氢最可能的来源是西非克拉... 详细信息

为了促进中国天然氢气藏的勘探和开发,推动天然氢气分布、富集机制以及成藏条件等方面的研究,基于文献调研剖析了非洲陶德尼盆地马里天然氢气勘探实例,同时介绍了全球天然氢气勘探进展。研究表明:马里氢气田的氢最可能的来源是西非克拉通Leo-Man地盾2.2~2.1 Ga岩石的活跃蛇纹石化作用,是岩石中的二价铁与水反应的产物。该氢气田发育两种类型的储层:上部储层为白云质碳酸盐岩,其中氢气主要以游离态存在;下部储层为砂岩,氢气主要以溶解态存在。氢气主要沿着断裂从氢源运移到储层,并在辉绿岩盖层的封闭下成藏。全球从事天然氢气勘探的公司数量已从2020年的3家增加到2023年的40家,多个国家已经开始发放氢气勘探许可证,但总体而言天然氢气的勘探和开发还处于起步阶段,成功案例较少,需要加强科学探索和技术突破。

关键词：清洁能源碳中和天然氢气氢气勘探马里气田陶德尼盆地非洲

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火山碎屑密度流沉积机制研究——以松辽盆地东南隆起区九台地区白垩系营城组火山碎屑岩为例

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地质学报 2019年第4期93卷 879-898页

作者：刘润超黄玉龙邹洁琼造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 吉林大学地球科学学院长春130061 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广州510640

火山碎屑密度流是一种危险的火山活动现象,也是一种重要的盆地物源供给方式,对其沉积机制的研究具有灾害预防和油气勘探的双重意义。松辽盆地东南隆起区九台营城煤矿地区白垩系营城组古火山机构保存良好,发育有典型的火山碎屑密度流沉... 详细信息

火山碎屑密度流是一种危险的火山活动现象,也是一种重要的盆地物源供给方式,对其沉积机制的研究具有灾害预防和油气勘探的双重意义。松辽盆地东南隆起区九台营城煤矿地区白垩系营城组古火山机构保存良好,发育有典型的火山碎屑密度流沉积物。本文在精细刻画火山碎屑岩的岩石结构、沉积构造的基础上,运用薄片观察和沉积物粒度统计的方法,从物质来源、搬运机制和就位方式角度系统地分析了火山碎屑密度流的整个沉积过程,并结合国内外火山学、沉积学的研究进展探讨了不同浓度火山碎屑密度流的沉积机制。研究区内的火山碎屑密度流沉积物可以划分为五种微相:①块状熔结角砾凝灰岩微相;②无序含集块凝灰角砾岩微相;③逆粒序或双粒序角砾凝灰岩微相;④正粒序角砾凝灰岩微相;⑤韵律层理凝灰岩微相。第一种微相具有熔结结构,可能形成于高挥发分岩浆喷发柱的垮塌,火山碎屑密度流的就位温度较高;后四种微相具有正常火山碎屑岩结构,可能形成于火山口的侧向爆炸,火山碎屑密度流的就位温度中等。沉积块状熔结角砾凝灰岩微相的火山碎屑密度流具有黏性碎屑流的流体特征,沉积物整体冻结就位;沉积无序含集块凝灰角砾岩微相和逆粒序或双粒序角砾凝灰岩微相的火山碎屑密度流具有颗粒流的流体特征,沉积物整体冻结就位;沉积正粒序角砾凝灰岩微相和韵律层理凝灰岩微相的火山碎屑密度流具有湍流的流体特征,沉积物连续加积就位。火山碎屑密度流的颗粒浓度是一个连续变量,但流体性质可能会发生突变,稀释的火山碎屑密度流的沉积机制符合下部流动边界模型,稠密的火山碎屑密度流的沉积机制符合层流(碎屑流或颗粒流)模型。

关键词：火山碎屑密度流火山碎屑岩粒度分析搬运和沉积机制白垩系营城组松辽盆地

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柴达木盆地膏盐层岩石物理特征及其对构造变形的影响

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石油学报 2020年第2期41卷 197-204页

作者：卞青陈琰张国卿刘润超王振东郭召杰北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 中国石油青海油田公司甘肃敦煌736202

柴达木盆地下干柴沟组发育膏盐层,膏盐层和柴达木盆地构造变形与油气成藏密切相关。对下干柴沟组的膏盐层、盐上层和盐下层进行岩石物理性质测试的结果显示,下干柴沟组膏盐层相较盐上层和盐下层的能干性弱,而相较于标准盐岩的能干性强... 详细信息

柴达木盆地下干柴沟组发育膏盐层,膏盐层和柴达木盆地构造变形与油气成藏密切相关。对下干柴沟组的膏盐层、盐上层和盐下层进行岩石物理性质测试的结果显示,下干柴沟组膏盐层相较盐上层和盐下层的能干性弱,而相较于标准盐岩的能干性强。下干柴沟组膏盐为层状盐岩体,其构造变形行为与蒸发岩和盐间泥岩夹层在整个膏岩层段中的比例相关,蒸发岩含量高时膏盐层的变形以塑性蠕变为主,泥岩夹层含量高时膏盐层主要发生脆性变形。膏盐层的存在影响了柴达木盆地内的构造变形,导致盐上层和盐下层中构造样式不一致。在柴达木盆地西南地区,构造上表现为深层发育花状构造、浅层发育"Y"字形断层。在柴达木盆地北缘地区,构造上表现为深、浅层发育不一致的冲断构造。用盐构造耦合-解耦理论模型探讨深、浅层构造之间的联系,提出膏盐层的厚度是柴达木盆地构造解耦程度的主控因素,膏盐层厚度与构造解耦程度呈正相关。

关键词：柴达木盆地盐构造下干柴沟组构造解耦岩石力学

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柴达木盆地南翼山构造样式及其与油气成藏关系：三维地震解释新证据

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高校地质学报 2017年第1期23卷 117-124页

作者：杜威刘润超程翔郭召杰张启全王传武北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室北京100871 中国石油青海油田公司敦煌736202

三维地震资料解释和构造分析表明,南翼山背斜两翼发育两组与背斜轴向近平行的左行压扭性断裂带(走向约310°),断裂带剖面形态为正花状构造,背斜发育三组次级断裂,可分别与走滑里德尔剪切模型中的R、R'、X面很好地匹配,特征次级断裂性质... 详细信息

三维地震资料解释和构造分析表明,南翼山背斜两翼发育两组与背斜轴向近平行的左行压扭性断裂带(走向约310°),断裂带剖面形态为正花状构造,背斜发育三组次级断裂,可分别与走滑里德尔剪切模型中的R、R'、X面很好地匹配,特征次级断裂性质与南翼山边界左旋走滑断裂带属性相符。晚新生代以来,柴西南地区受控于阿尔金断裂和昆北断裂系,整体处于压扭性环境之中,形成了一系列以南翼山为代表的压扭性背斜构造,不存在大规模逆冲构造。南翼山左行花状压扭性断裂带活动导致的背斜隆起及其派生的张性次级断裂是控制南翼山油气藏形成的重要因素,花状压扭性断裂带和背斜隆起形成了构造圈闭,而次级断裂沟通了烃源岩与储层,形成了油气向上运移的通道和储集空间。

关键词：柴达木盆地南翼山三维地震解释走滑断裂油气成藏

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中国华南三水盆地发现氢气高异常渗出点

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Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1217-1220页

作者：金之钧张盼盼刘润超黄晓伟王晓梅孟庆强刘金侠苏宇通张浩哲 Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University Ordos Research Institute of Energy Ordos 017010China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China School of Energy and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China Sinopec Star Company Limited Beijing 100083China

Natural hydrogen(H_(2))is also known as gold H_(2) and is a carbonfree energy resource with potential exploitation and utilization due to its renewable,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective characteristics[1].Natural H_(2) is distributed extensively worldwide,but varies in content in different regions and under varying geological *** present,only the H_(2) wells in Mali are used for economic production[2,3].

关键词： conditions friendly cost

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Experimental Research on a Feasible Building Insulation Material Based Reed in China

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 176-187页

作者： liu Tiantian PENG Yizhe liu Lifang CAI Chenghan WANG Shuang LI Hongqiang College of Civil Engineering Hunan University College of Civil Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and Technology National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment (NCIRCBSE) Hunan University Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education Hunan University

The seemingly useless reeds are prepared as thermal insulation materials,which not only meet the requirements of environmental sustainability but also enhance the added value of reeds,creating new economic *** hydrophobicity of raw biomass surfaces leads to problems such as weak bonding strength and non-dense structure in the formed materials,as well as issues related to the residual insect infestations on the *** this study,reed straw was used as the raw material,and foamed geopolymer was used as the binder to prepare building insulation materials based *** improve the interfacial adhesion performance between reed straw and foamed geopolymer,a thermochemical modification method-thermal carbonization,was *** this study,the mechanical properties and hydraulic properties of the studied materials with different degrees of surface thermal modification were tested,especially the fire resistance performance,and weathering resistance performance rarely found in published *** the surface thermal modification condition of reed straw was 250℃（30 min）,the comprehensive performance of reed-based building insulation materials was the best,when the studied material density was 321.3 kg/m3;the compressive strength was 0.59 MPa;the thermal conductivity was 0.101 W/（m·K）;the pH was 11.27;the moisture absorption rate was 25.1%,and the compressive strength loss rate in wet-dry cycles was 18.5%.In addition,it had excellent fire resistance performance and weathering resistance *** new material can be widely used to improve the thermal insulation of traditional buildings and as sandwich filler in prefabricated buildings,such as preparing insulating walls.

关键词： building insulation material based reed fire resistance performance interface adhesion properties pre-treatment of reeds weathering resistance performance

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Rational modulation of fluorophosphate cathode by anionic groups to reduce the polarization behavior for fast-charging sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 509-521页

作者： Xinyuan Wang Fan Zhang Xingyu Zhou Qian Wang Changyu liu Yangyang liu Hui Wang Xiaojie liu Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University

Na3V2（PO4）2O2F （VP） is recognized as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its stable structural framework and high specific *** functional theory （DFT） and finite element simulations show that incorporating SO42-into VP decreases its band gap,lowers the migration energy barrier,and ensures a uniform Na+concentration gradient and stress distribution during charge and discharge ***,the average Na+diffusion coefficient of Na3V2（PO4）1.95（SO4）0.05O2F（VPS-1） is roughly double that of VP,leading to enhanced rate capability (80 C,75.5 mAh g-1) and cycling stability (111.0 mAh g-1capacity after 1000 cycles at 10 C current density) for ***-1 exhibits outstanding fast-charging capabilities,achieving an 80%state of charge in just 8.1 *** assembled VPS-1//SbSn/NPC full cell demonstrated stable cycling over 200 cycles at a high 5 C current,maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of 95.35%.

关键词： Anionic group modulation Polarization behavior Fast-charging Sodium-ion battery Fluorophosphate Cathode

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Post-tunable salt gel electrolytes toward flexible supercapacitor switches

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 114-124页

作者： Hui Wang Shuang Chen Xuming liu Qin Zhang Xin liu Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology

Convertible hydrogel supercapacitors have emerged as promising energy storage devices in switches,diodes, and transistors. However, inherent weaknesses in ionic conductivity, mechanical properties,and water retention of hydrogel electrolytes seriously hinder their development. Inspired by the hardness conversion of sea cucumber skin, a conductivity and mechanics dual-tunable salt gel electrolyte is successfully designed. The salt gel presents a reversible switching of conductors-insulators and a mechanical regulation between softness and hardness via the dissolution-crystallization transition of sodium acetate trihydrate（SAT）. Meanwhile, the salt gels spontaneously grow a layer of “armor” through saturated phase-change salt crystals effectively reducing water evaporation of hydrogel ***, this phase-change soft-rigid conversion strategy will expand the capabilities of gel-based flexible supercapacitors(area capacitance: 258.6 mF cm-2), and the capacitance retention rate could still reach 86.9% after 3000 cycles at high temperatures. Moreover, the salt gel supercapacitor is potentially used in over-heat alarm systems. It is anticipated that the strategy of conductivity and mechanics of dual-tunable salt gel would provide a new perspective on the development of energy storage devices,wearable electronics, and flexible robots.

关键词： Capacitance

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Economic effect of China's carbon neutrality target under shared socioeconomic pathways

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 142-157页

作者： Zemiao liu Xianjin HUANG Xinxian QI School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Territory Optimization Ministry of Natural Resources Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University

Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality target. However, current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic benefits. This study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic pathways. It simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios, evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. These findings reveal the following:(1) The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060, ranging from 0.41% to 9.37% of total GDP in the baseline scenario, primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D investments. These costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2) China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming, with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65% to 17.24% of China's total GDP by 2100.(3) Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to 2060. This integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long term. To minimize initial economic costs, efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions, upgrading lowcarbon technologies, and adopting new energy sources.

关键词： Climate change China Carbon neutrality Economic effects Policy

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