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Crohn’s disease in low and lower-middle income countries: A scoping review

World journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第43期26卷 6891-6908页

作者： ruma Rajbhandari Samantha Blakemore Neil Gupta Alma j Adler Christopher Allen Noble Sara Mannan Klejda Nikolli Alison Yih Sameer joshi Gene Bukhman Division of Global Health Equity Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02199United States Partners in Health NCD SynergiesBostonMA 02199United States Western Reserve Health Education Trumbull Regional Medical CenterWarrenOH 44483United States

BACKGROUND While Crohn’s disease has been studied extensively in high-income countries,its epidemiology and care in low and lower-middle income countries(LLMICs)is not well established due to a lack of disease registries and diagnostic *** To describe the published burden,diagnostic/treatment capacity,service utilization,challenges/barriers to individuals with Crohn’s in LLMICs and their *** We conducted a scoping review utilizing a full search strategy was developed and conducted in PubMed,Embase and World Health Organization Global Index *** independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of all of the publications found in this search,reviewed selected publications,and extracted relevant data,which underwent descriptive review and was analyzed in *** The database search yielded 4486 publications,216 of which were determined to be relevant to the research *** all 79 LLMICs,only 21(26.6%)have publications describing individuals with Crohn’***,the highest number of studies came from India,followed by Tunisia,and *** mean number of Crohn’s patients reported per study is 57.84 and the median is 22,with a wide range from one to *** This scoping review has shown that,although there is a severe lack of populationbased data about Crohn’s in LLMICs,there is a signal of Crohn’s in these settings around the world.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Low and lower-middle income countries Scoping review Service utilization Diagnostic/Treatment capacity

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Upper Bound of Scalars in the Integer Sub-decomposition Method： The Theoretical Aspects

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journal of Control Science and Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 91-101页

作者： ruma Kareem K. Ajeena Babylon University Department of Mathematics Education College for Pure Sciences Babi151002 Iraq

The focal point of this paper is to present the theoretical aspects of the building blocks of the upper bounds of ISD （integer sub-decomposition） method defined by kP = k11P ＋ k12ψ1 （P）＋ k21P ＋ k22ψ2 （P） with max {｜k11｜, ｜k12｜} 〈 Ca√n and max{｜k21｜, ｜k22｜}≤C√, where C=I that uses efficiently computable endomorphisms ψj for j=1,2 to compute any multiple kP of a point P of order n lying on an elliptic curve E. The upper bounds of sub-scalars in ISD method are presented and utilized to enhance the rate of successful computation of scalar multiplication kP. Important theorems that establish the upper bounds of the kernel vectors of the ISD reduction map are generalized and proved in this work. The values of C in the upper bounds, that are greater than 1, have been proven in two cases of characteristic polynomials （with degree 1 or 2） of the endomorphisms. The upper bound of ISD method with the case of the endomorphism rings over an integer ring Z results in a higher rate of successful computations kP. Compared to the case of endomorphism rings, which is embedded over an imaginary quadratic field Q = [4-D]. The determination of the upper bounds is considered as a key point in developing the ISD elliptic scalar multiplication technique.

关键词： Elliptic curve cryptography scalar multiplication ISD method efficiently computable endomorphism upper bounds.

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Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers:Transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 324-334页

作者： Antony j.LYNAM Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronx New YorkUSA

A century ago,tigers(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758)were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests,and governments sponsored their *** loss and fragmentation,market-driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former *** 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding,national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly *** future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover *** a regional scale,the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and *** jacksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation *** where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability(likelihood of extinction)and irreplaceability(likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation)of tiger *** 1 site in Thailand supportingkha.kha.ng-Thung Yai)is considered low vulnerability,and is *** sites in Lao,Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia are medium vulnerability and *** at these 6 sites are to double tiger numbers within 10 years through protection and *** sites in Lao,Thailand and Myanmar are high vulnerability and irreplaceable,and might be recovered if government commitment to tigers,staff capacity and legal frameworks for tiger protection are *** are extremely vulnerable or even extinct in Cambodia’s Eastern Plains and the site is irreplaceable for tigers because it represents the only large(>10000 km^(2))block of dry forest habitat available in the region.A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there.

关键词： conservation priorities Indochinese tigers irreplaceability threats vulnerability

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Spatial distribution of display sites of Grey Peacock-pheasant in relation to micro-habitat and predators during the breeding season

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 111-122页

作者： Somying Thunhikorn Matthew j.Grainger Philip j.K.McGowan Tommaso Savini Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi School of Biology Newcastle University

Background： The destruction and fragmentation of forest in Southeast Asia is accelerating biodiversity loss, resulting in a range of management and conservation actions. For some species, a detailed understanding of microhabitat selection is critical for this, especially in the breeding ***： To understand the factors that explain how specific habitats are used by the Grey Peacock-pheasant（Polyplectron bicalcaratum） in the breeding season, we used camera trapping and microhabitat sampling to assess the microhabitat selection of males. We also looked at their interaction with predators in an area of 1200 m × 1200 m at the Hua kha.kha.ng Wildl fe Sanctuary, Tha land, between january and May ***： We show that display scrapes are situated on flatter open areas with small saplings and some vines, typified by low horizontal understory density. We hypothesise that this allows a trade-off between courtship display and the avoidance of predators. Our study showed that the position of Grey Peacock-pheasant display scrapes regularly overlapped with predators within the same microhabitat. We hypothesise that the species＇ behavioural responses to temporal variation in predation risk allows them to avoid most ***： Particular microhabitats are required for Grey Peacock-pheasant *** avoid predators at these places by being active when predators are not.

关键词： Huai kha.kha.ng Wildlife Sanctuary Display scrape Species accumulation Predator-prey Polyplectron bicalcaratum

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Ablation techniques for primary and metastatic liver tumors

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World journal of Hepatology 2016年第3期8卷 191-199页

作者： Michael j Ryan jonathon Willatt Bill S Majdalany Ania Z Kielar Suzanne Chong julie A ruma Amit Pandya Department of Radiology University of Michigan Department of Radiology University of Ottawa

Ablative treatment methods have emerged as safe and effective therapies for patients with primary and secondary liver tumors who are not surgical candidates at the time of *** article reviews the current literature and describes the techniques,complications and results for radiofrequency ablation,microwave ablation,cryoablation,and irreversible electroporation.

关键词： Liver Ablation Hepatocellular carcinoma Metastasis Radiofrequency Microwave Cryoablation

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Rendering Real and Imagined Buildings=建筑透视图集

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1998年

作者： Novitski B. j

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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