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Fabrication and boiling heat transfer characterization of multiscale microgroove surfaces

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 3010-3019页

作者： TANG Heng GUO Bin TANG Yong wu XiaoYu PENG ruitao SUN YaLong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Nontraditional Manufacturing College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Mechanical Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

Microstructural functional surfaces play an important role in energy conversion applications including power generation,air conditioning,and thermal management of electronics through the boiling process.In this study,multi-scale microgroove surfaces were fabricated by the combination of wire electrical discharge machining(WEDM)and electrical discharge shaped machining(EDSM)to achieve a better boiling performance.The WEDM,with the advantage of high efficiency,was used to fabricate the first microgroove array,and rougher surfaces were formed by intense discharge.A wavy electrode was used in EDSM to fabricate the second microgroove array.Reentrant cavities at the intersections of microgrooves and rougher micro fins with spacing distribution were formed after EDSM.The boiling performance of the multi-scale microgroove surface was studied with water as the working medium under atmospheric pressure.The results indicated that the boiling performance of the microgroove surface is significantly enhanced.The critical heat flux and maximum heat transfer coefficient of microgroove surface were higher than the surfaces fabricated only by WEDM or EDSM,which were 2.34 and 3.29 times that of smooth copper plate,respectively.This study demonstrated that the combination of WEDM and EDSM is a convenient and effective method to fabricate high-performance microgroove boiling surfaces.

关键词： multi-scale microgroove electrical discharge machining reentrant cavity boiling performance

Rational catalyst design and interface engineering for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to high-valued alcohols

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 310-331,I0009页

作者： Lingxi Zhou ruitao Lv State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(eCO_(2)RR) is an emerging strategy to address the global carbon balance issues and fulfill the carbon-neutral goal through converting CO_(2) to value-added chemicals/fuels driven by renewable energy sources. The production of highly reduced carbon compounds beyond CO and formate, especially oxygenate alcohol products with high energy densities and large global market capacities, is particularly desirable for practical applications. However, the building of alcohol-selective e CO_(2)RR electrocatalysis systems to overcome the high overpotential and poor durability remains a big challenge.Recently, diverse strategies have been developed for rational catalyst design towards alcohol productions from e CO_(2)RR on the basis of the corresponding reaction mechanisms. In this review article, we firstly highlight recent advances in fundamental understanding of mechanisms in three electrochemical CO_(2)-alcohol reaction pathways. Then, the design strategies focused on catalyst and interface design are summarized for building alcohol-selective e CO_(2)RR electrocatalysis systems. The advanced characterization techniques are also discussed to provide more insights into e CO_(2) RR-to-alcohols processes. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives for promoting e CO_(2)RR to alcohols are proposed.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction Alcohols Electrocatalysis Selectivity

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利用蛋白藻类制备生物碳及其电化学性能研究

山东化工 2020年第13期49卷 17-21页

作者：武锐涛中国海洋大学材料科学与工程学院山东青岛266100

以含高蛋白藻类作为生物质前驱体,通过高温碳化与活化的方法制备了具有多孔三维网络结构的生物碳材料,同时所含蛋白质成分可实现碳材料的原位氮掺杂。结果表明,该氮掺杂碳材料具有丰富的孔隙结构和高的比表面积,不仅可提高电荷的吸附和... 详细信息

以含高蛋白藻类作为生物质前驱体,通过高温碳化与活化的方法制备了具有多孔三维网络结构的生物碳材料,同时所含蛋白质成分可实现碳材料的原位氮掺杂。结果表明,该氮掺杂碳材料具有丰富的孔隙结构和高的比表面积,不仅可提高电荷的吸附和存储,同时还有利于电解液和电荷的扩散与迁移性能,从而展现出了良好的电化学性能。

关键词：蛋白藻生物碳电极材料电化学性能

ZnMn_(3)O_(7):A New Layered Cathode Material for Fast-Charging Zinc-Ion Batteries

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2022年第5期41卷 85-92页

作者： ruitao Sun Qin Liu Wenzhuo Deng CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsState Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

Low-cost and high-energy-density manganese-based compounds are promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),however,they often experience cycling instability issues and inferior rate capability.Herein,we report a new layered manganese-based cathode material,ZnMn_(3)O_(7)(ZMO),which possesses a large interlayer spacing of 4.8Åand allows the intercalation of~1.23 Zn-ions per formula unit(corresponding to a capacity of~170 mAh/g).Importantly,ZMO exhibits good cycling stability(72.9%capacity retention over 400 cycles),ultrafast-charging capability(73%state of charge in 1.5 min),and an ultrahigh power density(3510 W/kg at 88 Wh/kg).Through kinetic characterization,the favorable diffusion of ions and the dominant capacitor contribution are found to be conducive to the achievement of superior fast charging capability.Furthermore,the charge storage mechanism is revealed by ex-situ XRD and ex-situ XPS.This work may shed light on the design of high-performance electrode materials for AZIBs.

关键词： layered structure zinc-manganese oxide cathode zinc-ion battery

Termination of Transcription of LAT Increases the Amounts of ICP0 mRNA but Does Not Alter the Course of HSV-1 Infection in Latently Infected Murine Ganglia

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第2期36卷 264-272页

作者： Haifang Jiang Jiaming wu Xianjie Liu ruitao Lu Manling Zhou Meiling Chen Yonghong Liu Grace Guoying Zhou Wenmin Fu School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research Shenzhen 518116China

On entering sensory ganglia,herpes simplex viruses 1(HSV-1)establishes a latent infection with the synthesis of a latency associated transcript(LAT)or initiates productive infection with expression of a set of immediate early viral proteins.The precise mechanisms how expression of a genes is suppressed during the latency are unknown.One mechanism that has been proposed is illustrated in the case of ICP0,a key immediate early viral regulatory protein.Specifically,the 2 kb LAT intron is complementary to the 30 terminal portion of ICP0 m RNA.To test the hypothesis that accumulation of LAT negatively affects the accumulation of ICP0 m RNA,we inserted a DNA fragment encoding two poly(A)sequences into LAT to early terminate LAT transcript without interrupting the complementary sequence of ICP0 transcript(named as SR1603).Comparisons of the parent(SR1601)and mutant(SR1603)HSV-1 viruses showed the following:Neurons harboring latent SR1603 virus accumulated equivalent amounts of viral DNA but higher amounts of ICP0 m RNA and lower amounts of LAT,when compared to neurons harboring the SR1601 virus.One notable difference between the two viruses is that viral RNA accumulation in explanted ganglia harboring SR1603 virus initiated significantly sooner than that in neurons harboring SR1601 virus,suggesting that ICP0 may act as an activator of viral gene expression in permissive cells.Collectively,these data suggest that increased ICP0 m RNA by suppressed LAT did not affect the establishment of latency in latently infected murine ganglia.

关键词： Herpes simplex viruses 1(HSV-1) Latency associated transcript(LAT) ICP0 Latency

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木质素抗氧化活性的构效关系研究及应用进展

精细化工 2023年第5期40卷 929-940,988页

作者：武颖李好样高洁朱瑞涛陈博坤太原师范学院化学与材料学院山西晋中030619 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤转化国家重点实验室山西太原030001

木质素是一种储量丰富、环境友好的多酚类生物聚合物,可作为天然抗氧化剂使用。同时,木质素具有光稳定性好、抗紫外、可生物降解等优势,如何更好地开发和利用其抗氧化功能引起了研究者的广泛关注。首先,该文重点回顾了国内外在木质素抗... 详细信息

木质素是一种储量丰富、环境友好的多酚类生物聚合物,可作为天然抗氧化剂使用。同时,木质素具有光稳定性好、抗紫外、可生物降解等优势,如何更好地开发和利用其抗氧化功能引起了研究者的广泛关注。首先,该文重点回顾了国内外在木质素抗氧化构效关系方面的研究进展,归纳总结了木质素结构对其抗氧化能力的影响规律及其作用机制,并讨论了目前木质素抗氧化构效关系研究面临的主要问题;其次,从分级纯化、纳米化和化学改性3种技术方法出发,介绍了近年来研究人员在强化木质素抗氧化能力方面做出的努力;最后,基于木质素在防晒护肤品、高分子功能复合材料和医药材料中的应用现状,评述了木质素抗氧化特性对紫外防护、热氧稳定性、抑菌等性能的贡献,为今后木质素基功能材料的制备及应用提供一定参考。

关键词：木质素抗氧化性构效关系防晒聚合物医药材料

Calculation of the Choked Back Pressure for Steam Turbines with Air Cooled Condensers

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第4期5卷 1474-1477页

作者： Haisheng Yang Shuping Chang Ruitao Wu Thermal Technology Department Hebei Electric Power Research Institute Shijiazhuang Hebei PRC

The choked back pressure characteristic of the steam turbine unit with air cooled condenser is very different with the unit with wet cooling technology, and the understanding of the choked back pressure performance change with operation load is important to guide the economic operation of the unit. One simplified Variable Operation Condition Analysis Method was put forward for calculation of the unit output-turbine back pressure characteristics. Based on this method, the choked back pressure for each operation load can be determined. An example was given for a super-critical, regenerative single-shaft, 2-casing with 2-exhaust steam turbine generation unit with air cooled condenser. The calculation result was provided and compared with the result of the unit with wet cooling technology.

关键词： Air Cooled Condenser Steam Turbine Choked Back Pressure Characteristic Calculation

Analysis of the Unit Performance Degradation for Top Heater Out-of-service Operation Condition

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第4期5卷 274-277页

作者： Haisheng Yang Shuping Chang Ruitao Wu Thermal Technology Depart Hebei Electric Power Research Institute Shijiazhuang Hebei PRC

To analyze the unit performance degradation for top heater out-of-service operation condition, two calculation methods were introduced, that was the model based calculation method and the simplified variable operation condition analysis method. A 600MW sub-critical steam turbine unit with air cooled condenser was analyzed using the two introduced methods. It is shown that calculation data got can reflect the redistribution effect on steam flows of the turbine extractions and turbine internals due to the top heater out-of-service, and similar and close calculation results were got from the two methods, and both results were lower than result calculated using the commonly used equivalent enthalpy drop method.

关键词： Top Heater Out-of-service Performance Degradation Analysis Method

Recent Progress of Biomarker Detection Sensors

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1429-1454页

作者： ruitao Liu Xiongying Ye Tianhong Cui State Key Lab Precise Measurement Technology&Instrument Department of Precision InstrumentsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Early cancer diagnosis and treatment are crucial research fields of human health.One method that has proven efficient is biomarker detection which can provide real-time and accurate biological information for early diagnosis.This review presents several biomarker sensors based on electrochemistry,surface plasmon resonance(SPR),nanowires,other nanostructures,and,most recently,metamaterials which have also shown their mechanisms and prospects in application in recent years.Compared with previous reviews,electrochemistry-based biomarker sensors have been classified into three strategies according to their optimizing methods in this review.This makes it more convenient for researchers to find a specific fabrication method to improve the performance of their sensors.Besides that,as microfabrication technologies have improved and novel materials are explored,some novel biomarker sensors—such as nanowire-based and metamaterial-based biomarker sensors—have also been investigated and summarized in this review,which can exhibit ultrahigh resolution,sensitivity,and limit of detection(LoD)in a more complex detection environment.The purpose of this review is to understand the present by reviewing the past.Researchers can break through bottlenecks of existing biomarker sensors by reviewing previous works and finally meet the various complex detection needs for the early diagnosis of human cancer.

关键词： diagnosis summarized finally