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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 4-22页

作者： Xiaohu YOU Yongming HUANG Cheng ZHANG Jiaheng WANG hao YIN Hequan WU National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Chinese Academy of Military Science China Information Communication Technologies Group

Sixth-generation(6G) networks are anticipated to achieve transformative advancements, characterized by extreme connectivity, deep integration with artificial intelligence(AI) and sensing, and airground integration. The evolution of 6G exhibits two major trends: ubiquitous intelligence and sustainability. The former aims to embed state-of-the-art AI technology into the 6G network, from the physical layers to applications, while the latter emphasizes reducing energy consumption while enhancing network performance to address environmental concerns. Despite the amazing progress in recent years, AI advancements come with substantial increases in data and computational overhead, posing critical challenges for integrating AI into sustainable 6G networks. First, high energy consumption from large datasets and heavyweight AI models contradicts6G's green goals. Second, the precise collection of large datasets, message delivery latency, and inference delays in AI models pose challenges for real-time tasks in 6G. Third, the uninterpretability and unpredictability of AI models complicate meeting the stringent requirements for controllable transmission in dynamic wireless environments. Addressing these challenges and achieving sustainable 6G with ubiquitous intelligence calls for a revolutionary design of 6G architecture and AI frameworks. To this end, this paper introduces a novel and practical methodology for green, real-time, and controllable 6G native intelligence,starting with knowledge graph(KG) analysis to extract small but critical datasets, followed by the development of distributed lightweight AI models, and the use of digital twins(DTs) to create precise replicas of physical 6G networks. This leads to a pervasive multi-level(PML)-AI framework supported by a task-centric, three-layer 6G architecture. The AI framework operates through non-real-time and real-time cycles, leveraging three key technologies: wireless data KGs for efficient data management,lightweight AI mode

关键词： artificial intelligence sustainable 6G green real-time controllable

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Constructing Pr-doped CoOOH catalytic sites for efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 234-244页

作者： Botao Fan hao Zhang Bang Gu Feng Qiu Qiue Cao Wenhao Fang School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials School of Materials and EnergyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina

Electrocatalytic conversion of renewable biomass is emerging as a promising route for sustainable chemical production;hence it urgently calls for developing efficient electrocatalysts with low potentials and high current ***,a Pr-doped Co(OH)_(2)hexagonal sheet(Pr/Co=1/9,in mole)is synthesized by electrodeposition as highly performant catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)oxidation reaction(HMFOR)to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).This novel and low-cost catalyst possesses a rather low onset potential of 1.05 V(***)and requires only 1.10 V(***)to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)for HMFOR,significantly outperforming Co(OH)_(2)benchmark(i.e.,210 mV higher to reach10 m A cm^(-2)).The origin of Pr promotion effect as well as the evolution of CoOOH catalytic sites and HMFOR process has been deeply elucidated by physical characterizations,kinetic experiments,in situ electrochemical techniques,and theoretical *** unique Pr-ameliorated CoOOH active centers enable 100%conversion of HMF,99.6%selectivity of FDCA,and 99.7%Faraday efficiency,with a superior cycling durability toward *** can be one of the most outstanding results for Co-based HMFOR catalysts to date in the *** this work can help open up new horizons for constructing novel and efficient Co-based electrocatalysts by the utilization of lanthanide elements.

关键词： Biomass conversion Electrocatalysis 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid Doped Co catalyst Co3+active sites Charge transfer rate

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Radiation belt electron wisp inside South Atlantic Anomaly due to terrestrial VLF transmitter observed by MSS-1

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 538-548页

作者： Yixin SUN Ying LIU Qiugang ZONG Yixin hao Hong ZOU Yuguang YE Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Goettingen 37077Germany

The South Atlantic Anomaly represents a region within near-Earth space characterized by a significantly weaker geomagnetic field and a higher flux of energetic particles compared to other areas. It is a space weather hazards to Low-EarthOrbit satellites. There has been evidence that the Very Low Frequency(VLF) waves from the powerful ground VLF radio transmitter in Australia, known as NWC, have the capacity to scatter energetic electrons' pitch angle in the inner radiation *** scattering directs electrons into the drift loss cone, forms a “wisp”, characterized by its peak intensity outside the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA), and a “rift” exhibiting minimal intensity within SAA. Our findings mark the initial observation of a“wisp” precipitation, an unusual occurrence with peak intensity detected inside the SAA, observed via the Macao Science Satellite-1. Enabled by the Medium-energy Electron Spectrometer onboard Macao Science Satellite-1, we were able to comprehensively measure the full pitch angle distribution at Low-Earth-Orbit. This allowed us to attribute the “wisp” within the anomaly to a specific pitch angle range just outside the drift loss cone, a measurement unattainable by previous satellites. This“wisp” occurrence aligns with previous model predictions, despite being overlooked. Moreover, we distinguished between the trapped and precipitating electron populations. Directly derived from the ratio of these populations, our analysis revealed that approximately 2%-5% of trapped electrons will be lost in this specific wisp due to the influence of the ground VLF *** results not only complement existing evidence of energetic electron pitch angle scattering facilitated by the ground VLF transmitter but also offer a quantitative estimation of its impact.

关键词： South Atlantic Anomaly Radiation belts Electrons precipitation VLF transmitter Wave-particle interaction

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Ti^(3+)/Ti^(4+)and Co^(2+)/Co^(3+)redox couples in Ce-doped Co-Ce/TiO2 for enhancing photothermocatalytic toluene oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 164-176页

作者： Guanghui Li Xiaolan Li Xinhui hao Qiang Li Meng Zhang Hongpeng Jia Xiamen Key Laboratory of Materials for Gaseous Pollutant Control Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Cerium and cobalt loaded Co-Ce/TiO_(2)catalyst prepared by impregnation method was investigated for photothermal catalytic toluene *** on catalyst characterizations(XPS,EPR and H2-TPR),redox cycle between Co and TiO_(2)(Co^(2+)+Ti^(4+)↔Co^(3+)+Ti^(3+))results in the formation of Co^(3+),Ti^(3+)and oxygen vacancies,which play important roles in toluene catalytic oxidation *** introduction of Ce brings in the dual redox cycles(Co^(2+)+Ti^(4+)↔Co^(3+)+Ti^(3+),Co^(2+)+Ce4+↔Co^(3+)+Ce3+),further promoting the elevation of reaction sites *** full spectrum irradiation with light intensity of 580mW/cm^(2),Co-Ce/TiO_(2)catalyst achieved 96%of toluene conversion and 73%of CO_(2)yield,obviously higher than Co/P25 and Co/TiO_(2).Co-Ce/TiO_(2)efficiently maintains 10-hour stability test under water vapor conditions and exhibits better photothermal catalytic performance than counterparts under different wavelengths *** catalytic reaction displays improved activities compared with thermal catalysis,which is attributed to the promotional effect of light including photocatalysis and light activation of reactive oxygen species.

关键词： Photothermal catalysis Redox cycle Oxygen vacancy VOCs Titanium dioxide

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电力信息物理系统故障通信恢复策略

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电网技术 2025年第1期49卷 381-389,I0117页

作者：杨挺李浩赵宇明刘亚闯智能电网教育部重点实验室(天津大学) 天津市南开区300072 深圳供电局有限公司广东省深圳市518001

极端灾害将导致电力系统与通信系统同时发生大面积瘫痪,基于“保电救灾、通信先行”原则,优先恢复故障通信是支撑保障电力系统安全运行的关键。该文针对灾后电力通信高效恢复问题,提出了一种计及电力侧状态感知需求与运行调控能力保障... 详细信息

极端灾害将导致电力系统与通信系统同时发生大面积瘫痪,基于“保电救灾、通信先行”原则,优先恢复故障通信是支撑保障电力系统安全运行的关键。该文针对灾后电力通信高效恢复问题,提出了一种计及电力侧状态感知需求与运行调控能力保障的增广路径最大流电力通信网络恢复算法。首先考虑到电力通信系统与电力物理系统的紧耦合特性,设计了计及电力侧影响的状态感知与运行调控能力量化指标,辨识关键信息节点。然后,通过图论最大流理论,搜寻关键信息节点的增广路径集。在此基础上,引入恢复贡献度,从增广路径集中选择具有大容量、低延时以及少故障链路的通信路径进行优先重建,为灾后电力系统快速恢复过程提供可达、可靠的通信支撑。最后,以IEEE39标准系统作为仿真算例,验证了所提恢复策略下的通信系统具有更高的通信服务质量(quality of service,QoS),避免了在恢复过程中由于带宽容量不足而发生业务频繁掉线风险。

关键词：通信故障电力信息物理系统最大流理论状态感知运行调控

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Worldvolume fermions as baryons in holographic quantum chromodynamics with instantons

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第1期77卷 106-121页

作者： Si-wen Li hao-qian Li Yi-peng Zhang Department of Physics School of ScienceDalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

In this study,we investigated worldvolume fermions on the flavor brane in the D0-D4/D8 model,which is holographically equivalent to four-dimensional quantum chromodynamics with instantons or equivalently with a theta *** action involving the worldvolume fermions was obtained by the T-duality rules in string theory,and we accordingly derived their effective five-dimensional and canonical four-dimensional forms by using the systematic dimensional reduction and decomposition of the ***,we used the AdS/CFT dictionary to evaluate the two-point correlation function as the spectral function for the worldvolume fermions and interpreted the fermions as baryons by analyzing their quantum number with the baryon vertex in *** this sense,the interacted action involving the worldvolume fermions and gauge field on the flavor brane was finally derived in holography,which describes the various interactions of mesons and baryons with instantons in the large-N ***,this study provides a holographic picture to describe baryons and their interactions based on string theory,particularly in the presence of instantons or a theta angle.

关键词： gauge-gravity duality AdS/CFT holographic QCD

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Quantum walks advantage on the dihedral group for uniform sampling problem

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 89-100页

作者： Shyam Dhamapurkar Yuhang Dang Saniya Wagh Xiu-hao Deng Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (SIQSE) Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research International Quantum Academy (SIQA) Futian District

Random walk algorithms are crucial for sampling and approximation problems in statistical physics and theoretical computer *** mixing property is necessary for Markov chains to approach stationary distributions and is facilitated by *** walks show promise for faster mixing times than classical methods but lack universal proof,especially in finite group ***,we investigate the continuous-time quantum walks on Cayley graphs of the dihedral group D2nfor odd n,generated by the smallest inverse closed symmetric *** present a significant finding that,in contrast to the classical mixing time on these Cayley graphs,which typically takes at least order Ω(n2log（1/2■）),the continuous-time quantum walk mixing time on D2nis of order O(n（log n）5log（1/■）),achieving a quadratic improvement over the classical *** paper advances the general understanding of quantum walk mixing on Cayley graphs,highlighting the improved mixing time achieved by continuous-time quantum walks on *** work has potential applications in algorithms for a class of sampling problems based on non-abelian groups.

关键词： continuous time quantum walks Cayley graphs non-abelian groups mixing time

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Identifying Three Shapes of Potential Vorticity Streamers Using Mask R-CNN

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第1期42卷 190-203页

作者： Luqiang hao Zuowei XIE Yuanfa GONG Jinfang YIN College of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Potential vorticity(PV)streamers are elongated filaments of high PV intrusions that generally exhibit three distinct shapes:ordinarily southwestward,hook,and treble-clef,each with significant influences on *** PV streamers are most frequent over arid and semi-arid Central Asia in the mid–high *** study applied the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network algorithm(Mask R-CNN)to PV streamers on the dynamical tropopause during the warm season(May to September)over the years 2000–04 to train a weighted variational model capable of identifying these different *** trained model demonstrated a strong ability to distinguish between the three shapes.A climatological analysis of PV streamers over Central Asia spanning 2000 to 2021 revealed an increasingly deep and pronounced reversal of circulation from ordinary to treble-clef *** treble-clef shape featured a PV tower and distinct cut-off low in the troposphere,but the associated upward motions and precipitation were confined within approximately 1200 km to the east of the PV *** the hook-shape PV streamers were linked to a weaker cut-off low,the extent of upward motion and precipitation was nearly double that of the treble-clef *** contrast,the ordinary PV streamer was primarily associated with tropopause Rossby wave breaking and exhibited relatively shallow characteristics,which resulted in moderate upward motion and precipitation to 500 km to its east.

关键词： Rossby wave breaking potential vorticity streamers Mask-RCNN Central Asia dynamical tropopause

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Role of iron ore in enhancing gasification of iron coke:Structural evolution,influence mechanism and kinetic analysis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 58-69页

作者： Jie Wang Wei Wang Xuheng Chen Junfang Bao Qiuyue hao Heng Zheng Runsheng Xu School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hubei Engineering UniversityXiaogan 432000China Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Institue of Ironmaking Technology Baosteel Central Research InstituteShanghai 201999China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon *** uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the microstructure of iron coke was ***,a comparative study of the gasification reactions between iron coke and coke was conducted through non-isothermal thermogravimetric *** findings indicate that compared to coke,iron coke exhibits an augmentation in micropores and specific surface area,and the micropores further extend and *** provides more adsorption sites for CO_(2) molecules during the gasification process,resulting in a reduction in the initial gasification temperature of iron *** the heating rate in non-isothermal gasification can enhance the reactivity of iron *** metallic iron reduced from iron ore is embedded in the carbon matrix,reducing the orderliness of the carbon structure,which is primarily responsible for the heightened reactivity of the carbon *** kinetic study indicates that the random pore model can effectively represent the gasification process of iron coke due to its rich pore ***,as the proportion of iron ore increases,the activation energy for the carbon gasification gradually decreases,from 246.2 kJ/mol for coke to 192.5 kJ/mol for iron coke 15wt%.

关键词： low-carbon ironmaking iron coke gasification structural evolution kinetic model

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Influence of minor cerium addition on microstructure and fluidity of as-cast Al-Cu-Mn-Mg alloy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第2期43卷 377-383页

作者： Yishan Wang Yu Bai Kaixi Jiang Wenxue Fan Puxuan Wang Hai hao Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology

Al-Cu-Mn alloys are widely used to produce automobile components like cylinder heads and engine blocks because of their capability to retain excellent thermal and mechanical characteristics at high ***,the Al-Cu-Mn-based alloys demonstrate restricted fluidity,leading to casting defects such as shrinkage and incomplete *** research investigated the microstructure and fluidity of Al-4.7Cu-1.0Mn-0.5Mg（wt%） alloy with minor cerium（Ce） *** as-cast alloys predominantly comprise α-Al matrix,accompanied by the presence of Al2Cu,Al6Mn,and Al8Cu4Ce *** influence of adding Ce on the fluidity of the Al-4.7Cu-1.0Mn-0.5Mg alloy was investigated using a trispiral fluidity test mold in this *** findings suggest that the addition of Ce within the range of 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% in the Al-4.7Cu-1.0Mn-0.5Mg alloy results in an enhancement in ***,the alloy containing 0.4 wt% Ce exhibits a significant increase in fluidity distance,from 349.7 to 485.7 *** improvement can be attributed to the reduction in viscosity,the refinement of secondary dendrite arm spacing,and the modification of secondary phase ***,a higher concentration of Ce leads to a decrease in fluidity length,potentially due to the formation of Al8Cu4Ce.

关键词： Al-Cu-Mn-Mg alloy Ce addition Fluidity Microstructure Rare earths

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