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A micro-chip exploding foil initiator based on printed circuit board technology

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第8期18卷 1435-1444页

作者： Zhi Yang Peng Zhu qing-yun Chu qiu Zhang Ke Wang Hao-tian Jian rui-qi shen School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing210094China

Conventional exploding foil initiator (EFI) in ignition or detonation applications hosts many performance advantages, but was hindered by the bulky, inaccurate, inefficient and expensive shortcomings. We highlight a novel micro-chip exploding foil initiator (McEFI) using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The structural parameters were determined based on energy coupling relationship at the component interfaces. Next, the prototype McEFI has been batch-fabricated using PCB technology, with a monolithic structure of 7.0 mm (l) × 4.5 mm (w) × 4.0 mm (δ). As expected, this PCB-McEFI illustrated the successful firing validations for explosives pellets. This paper has addressed the cost problem in both military munitions and civil markets wherever reliable, insensitive and timing-dependent ignition or detonation are involved.

关键词： Exploding foil initiator Printed circuit board Monolithic structure Firing validations

A reusable planar triggered spark-gap switch batched-fabricated with PCB technology for medium- and low-voltage pulse power systems

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1572-1578页

作者： Zhi Yang Ke Wang Peng Zhu Peng Liu qiu Zhang Cong Xu Hao-tian Jian rui-qi shen School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of EducationNanjing210094China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing210094China

Triggered spark-gap switch is a popular discharge switch for pulse power *** studies have focused on planarizing this switch using thin film techniques in order to meet the requirements of compact size in the *** switches are one-shot due to electrodes being too thin to sufficiently resist ***,these switches did not employ any structures in securing internal gas composition,resulting in inconsistent performance under harsh *** this work,a novel planar triggered spark-gap switch(PTS)with a hermetically sealed cavity was batched-prepared with printed circuit board(PCB)technology,to achieve reusability with low *** proposed PTS was inspected by micro-computed tomography to ensure PCB techniques meet the requirements of machining *** results from electrical experiments demonstrated that PCB PTS were consistent and reusable with lifespan over 20 *** calculated switch voltage and circuit current were consistent with those derived from real-world ***,PCB PTS was used to introduce hexanitrostilbene(HNS)pellets in a pulse power system to verify its performance.

关键词： Pulse power systems Printed circuit board technology Triggered spark-gap switch Planar discharge switch Electrical performance

Positive effects of PVP in MIC:Preparation and characterization of Al-Core heterojunction fibers

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第1期19卷 52-62页

作者： Fuwei Li Yue-ting Wang Cheng-ai Wang Yun shen Ze-hua Zhang Jian Cheng Shuang-zhang Wu Ying-hua Ye rui-qi shen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing210094China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjingJiangsu210094China College of Field Engineering Army Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China

The core-shell metastable intermolecular composites(MIC)have attracted much attention in the past few years due to their unique ***,the preparation of Al-Core heterojunction fibers using PVP as a template is *** nano-Al was directly added to the precursor solution of cupric acetate monohydrate(CAM)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),and the initial Al@CAM/PVP fibers were obtained via *** core-shell MIC fibers are then obtained by calcining the initial *** morphology,structure,and composition of Al-core MIC fibers were characterized,that the energetic fibers calcined at 300℃,350℃,and 400℃have a core-shell structure with shell compositions CuxO and PVP,CuxO and Cu O,*** energy release characteristics of Al-core MIC were investigated,and preliminary ignition tests were performed using an ignition temperature measuring instrument and a pulsed *** energetic fibers calcined at 300℃exhibited unique *** decomposition of PVP in the shell layer promoted exotherm,and a low-temperature exothermic peak was shown at 372-458℃.Lower ignition temperatures and higher flame heights were observed in the combustion tests than calcination at 350℃and 400℃.An unexpected result was that PVP can play a positive role in Al/CuO ***,this preparation method provided an idea for the integrated preparation of core-shell Al-Core MIC fibers and tuning the properties of MIC.

关键词： Al-Core heterojunction structure Metastable intermolecular composites(MIC) Al/CuO nanothermites Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)

Thermodynamics and performance of Al/CuO nanothermite with different storage time

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 741-747页

作者： Cheng-ai Wang Jian-bing Xu Yun shen Yue-ting Wang Teng-long Yang Ze-hua Zhang Fu-wei Li rui-qi shen Ying-hua Ye School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing210094People’s Republic of China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT Nanjing210094People’s Republic of China

The storage stability of energetic materials is important for its application. Here, the storage stability of Al/CuO nanothermite, which was prepared by electrospray method and stored with different storage time, was systematically researched. The activation energy of Al/CuO nanothermite was calculated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The ignition temperature and the curve pressure history of Al/Cu O nanothermite was measured using ignition temperature measuring device and constant-volume pressurization tests, respectively. Further, the thermites were characterized by X-ray Diffractometer(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that the morphology of the thermites did not change significantly. The activation energy was decreased from 254.1 k J/mol to 181.8 k J/mol after storage for 13 months. When stored for 0, 7 and 13 months, the peak pressures of Al/CuO nanothermite were 685.8 k Pa,626.3 k Pa and 625.5 k Pa, respectively. In addition to the ignition temperature, it was 775 ℃, 739 ℃ and754 ℃, respectively. This result indicated that the ignition and combustion properties of Al/CuO nanothermite are obviously reduced when stored for a long time, at room temperature.

关键词： Al/CuO Nanothermites Stroage stability Thermodynamics

Burning surface formation mechanism of laser-controlled 5-aminotetrazole propellant

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 48-59页

作者： Nian-bai He rui-qi shen Luigi T.DeLuca Li-zhi Wu Wei Zhang Ying-hua Ye Yue-ting Wang School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology210094JiangsuChina Institute of Space Propulsion Nanjing University of Science and Technology210094JiangsuChina Sichuan Huachuan Industries Corporation 610106SichuanChina Space Propulsion Laboratory(Ret) Department of Aerospace Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Milano20156MilanItaly

As an innovative propulsion technique, combustion mechanism of laser-augmented chemical propulsion has still to be ascertained. Benefiting from high nitrogen content and thermal stability, 5-aminotetrazole is a suitable ingredient for LACP. Under a flowing nitrogen environment, two kinds of unique burning surfaces were observed to occur for 5-ATZ, used as a single reacting propellant ingredient with the addition of carbon, under laser ablation. Both surfaces are hollow structures and differ by the possible presence of edges. Using micro computed tomography, the 3D perspective structures of both surfaces were revealed. Resorting to various characterization methods, a unified formation mechanism for both surfaces is proposed. This mechanism specifically applies to laser ablation, but could be crucial to common burning mechanisms in LACP.

关键词： 5-Aminotetrazole(5-ATZ) Laser-augmented chemical propulsion (LACP) Combustion mechanism Burning surface Micro computed tomography(MicroCT)

Template synthesis of copper azide primary explosive through Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell composite prepared by “bottle around ship” method

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 99-111页

作者： Xu-wen Liu Yan Hu Jia-heng Hu Jia-xin Su Cai-min Yang Ying-hua Ye rui-qi shen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing210094China

Copper azide(CA), as a primary explosive with high energy density, has not been practically used so far because of its high electrostatic sensitivity. The Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell structure hybrid material was synthesized by the “bottle around ship” methodology in this research by regulating the dissolution rate of Cu2O and the generation rate of metal-organic framework(MOF) materials. Cu2O@HKUST-1 was carbonized to form a Cu O@porous carbon(CuO@PC) composite material. CuO@PC was synthesized into a copper azide(CA) @PC composite energetic material through a gas-solid phase in-situ azidation *** is encapsulated in PC framework, which acts as a nanoscale Faraday cage, and its excellent electrical conductivity prevents electrostatic charges from accumulating on the energetic material’s surface. The CA@PC composite energetic material has a CA content of 89.6%, and its electrostatic safety is nearly 30times that of pure CA(1.47 mJ compared to 0.05 mJ). CA@PC delivers an outstanding balance of safety and energy density compared to similar materials.

关键词： Composite energetic materials Copper azide Carbonization Template method Core-shell composite Electrostatic safety

Fabrication and characterization of Al-CuO nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel method

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Defence Technology 2021年第4期17卷 1307-1312页

作者： Yue-ting Wang Xiao-ting Zhang Jian-bing Xu Yun shen Cheng-ai Wang Fu-wei Li Ze-hua Zhang Jian Chen Ying-hua Ye rui-qi shen Department of Applied Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Anhui Xinhe Defense Equipment Technology Corporation Limited

In this study,Al-CuO nanocomposites were fabricated by sol-gel *** a contrast,the thermite was prepared by physical mixing at the equivalence ratio of 0.5,1,2,*** intermediates and samples as prepared were characterized by SEM and *** exothermic properties of the two samples prepared at different equivalence ratios were tested and the reaction products were characterized by *** SEM results show that the sample prepared by the sol-gel method demonstrates a micron-sized agglomerated sphere formed by a mutual wrapping of Al NPs and CuO NPs,and the particles are evenly distributed in the *** addition,when the content of Al powder is seriously insufficient,the heat release of the sample prepared by physical mixing is 1.6 times that of by sol-gel *** the increase of Al powder content,the exothermic properties of Al/CuO NPs prepared by sol-gel method began to increase significantly compared with physical mixing and the difference is 1.5 times when the equivalence ratio increases to *** can be concluded that the reason for this result may be attributed to the different mass transfer modes of components due to the different morphologies of samples.

关键词： Nanothermite Energetic materials Sol-gel Characterization

Controllable combustion behaviors of the laser-controlled solid propellant

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第1期18卷 38-48页

作者： Bu-ren Duan Hao-nan Zhang Li-zhi Wu Zuo-hao Hua Zi-jing Bao Ning Guo Ying-hua Ye rui-qi shen School of Chemical Engineering Narging University of Science and Technology Narjing 210094China Instifute of Space Propulsion Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory Ministry of Industry and Informnation TedhinologyNanjing210094China Shanghai Space Propulsion Technology Research Instirute Shanghai201109China

Microsatellites have been widely applied in the fields of communication,remote sensing,navigation and science exploration due to its characteristics of low cost,flexible launch mode and short development ***,conventional solid-propellant have difficulties in starting and interrupting combustion because combustion is autonomously sustained after ignition Herein,we proposed a new type of solid-propellant named laser-controlled solid propellant,which is sensitive to laser irradiation and can be started or interrupted by switching on/off the continuous wave *** demonstrate the feasibility and investigate the controllable combustion behaviors under different laser on/off conditions,the combus tion parameters including burning rate,ignition delay time and platform pressure were tested using pressure sensor,high-speed camera and thermographic *** results showed that the increase of laser-on or laser-off duration both will lead to the decrease of propellant combustion performance during re-ignition and re-combustion *** is mainly attributed to the laser attenuation caused by the accumulation of combustion residue and the change of chamber ambient *** the multiple ignition tests revealed that the increased chamber ambient temperature after combustion can make up for the energy loss of laser attenuation and expansion of chamber ***,the laser-controlled combustion performance of solid propellant displayed a decrease trend with the addi-tion of ignition ***,the results still exchibited good laser-controlled agility of laser-controlled solid propellant and manifested its inspiring potential in many aspects of space missions.

关键词： Laser-con trolled solid propellant Laser ablation Multiple ignition Controllable combustion Combustion be haviors

On the half-quantized Hall conductance of massive surface electrons in magnetic topological insulator films

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 127-136页

作者： rui Chen Shun-qing shen Department of Physics The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Physics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China

In topological insulators,massive surface states resulting from local symmetry breaking were thought to exhibit a half-quantized Hall conductance,obtained from the low-energy effective model in an infinite Brillouin *** a lattice model,the surface band is composed of a combination of surface states and bulk *** massive surface states alone may not be enough to support an exact one-half quantized surface Hall conductance in a finite Brillouin zone and the whole surface band always gives an integer quantized Hall conductance as enforced by the TKNN *** explore this,we investigate the band structures of a lattice model describing the magnetic topological insulator film that supports the axion insulator,Chern insulator,and semi-magnetic topological insulator *** reveal that the gapped and gapless surface bands in the three phases are characterized by an integer-quantized Hall conductance and a half-quantized Hall conductance,*** propose an effective model to describe the three phases and show that the low-energy dispersion of the surface bands inherits from the surface Dirac *** gapped surface band manifests a nearly half-quantized Hall conductance at low energy near the center of Brillouin zone,but is compensated by another nearly half-quantized Hall conductance at high energy near the boundary of Brillouin zone because a single band can only have an integer-quantized Hall *** gapless band hosts a zero Hall conductance at low energy but is compensated by another half-quantized Hall conductance at high energy,and thus the half-quantized Hall conductance can only originate from the gapless ***,we calculate the layer-resolved Hall conductance of the *** conclusion suggests that the individual gapped surface band alone does not support the half-quantized surface Hall effect in a lattice model.

关键词： magnetic topological insulator Dirac equation half-quantized Hall conductance