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公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响货币化分析

铁道科学与工程学报 2024年第3期21卷 1222-1231页

作者：王琳谢雨蕾李晓钟兰州交通大学土木工程学院甘肃兰州730070

为科学定量地评估公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响,并明确降低桥梁工程负面环境影响的关键着力点,基于生命周期评价方法引入支付意愿理论建立公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响货币化分析模型,将环境影响评价结果统一到经济维度,使其兼具环境和经济含... 详细信息

为科学定量地评估公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响,并明确降低桥梁工程负面环境影响的关键着力点,基于生命周期评价方法引入支付意愿理论建立公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响货币化分析模型,将环境影响评价结果统一到经济维度,使其兼具环境和经济含义。应用该模型对渝湘高速五布河特大桥进行分析,从时间和空间2个维度出发研究桥梁基础结构、下部结构、上部结构和桥面系4个部分环境影响值分布特征,并采用MATLAB软件开展蒙特卡洛模拟,对各具体施工环节环境影响值进行不确定性分析。研究结果表明:桥梁材料生产阶段是物化阶段环境影响控制的重点,该阶段各影响类型中由于全球变暖造成的环境影响尤为明显。基础、下部和上部结构在材料生产阶段的环境影响值自下而上呈递增趋势,在施工建造阶段呈递减趋势。打桩钻孔机械、起重及垂直运输机械和泵类机械被确定为关键机械类型,是施工建造阶段环境影响值的主要贡献来源。桥墩-混凝土和主梁-混凝土2个施工环节的总体不确定度最大,以变异系数作为衡量指标,钢筋施工环节总环境影响不确定度小于混凝土施工环节,各环节总环境影响不确定度小于各类环境影响不确定度。研究结果符合工程实际,验证了模型的适用性,可为公路桥梁环境影响评价工作提供科学依据和有益参考。

关键词：桥梁工程生命周期理论支付意愿理论环境影响蒙特卡洛模拟

Hybrid electromechanical properties of hetero-doped and homogeneously bonded dual-mode pressure sensor for indoor body area network node

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 240-253页

作者： Junbin YU Shuai XIAN Jinbiao MU Min wang Yin wang Xiaojuan HOU Le ZHANG Jian HE Jiliang MU Xiujian CHOU Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of China Sichuan Aerospace Fenghuo Servo Control Technology Corporation

Pressure sensors are considerably important for continuous monitoring of human movement and the surrounding environment to construct a caregiving system for the elderly living *** challenge for pressure sensors that still remains is combining self-driven,comfort,and ***,an all-in-one conformal pressure sensor(ACPS) based on a homogeneous integrated triboelectric-piezoelectric hybrid sensor is *** ACPS has dual-mode sensing properties due to coupling triboelectrification and piezoelectric effect ensuring a stable response to various external ***-coated glass microspheres and polyacrylonitrile were uniformly filleted into the silicone rubber substrate using a hetero-doping method to create a stretchable electrode layer with flexible conformal characteristics and a piezoelectric layer with excellent piezoelectric properties,***,the triboelectric layer was fabricated using the same silicone rubber,allowing ACPS to be homogeneously bonded into an all-in-one structure with reliable *** allowed various functional layers to have outstanding interface characteristics and thus improve the electrical transmission *** developed ACPS had outstanding sensitivity(1.04 V/104Pa),high linearity(about 0.984),a wide measurement range(10–700 k Pa),and can accurately and continuously distinguish multiple ***,using a homemade signal processing circuit,ACPSs can be deployed in the human body and the room as indoor body area network *** successfully applied to the remote tracking of daily dynamic home life and the remote operation of small electrical equipment,these ACPSs can achieve real-time caregiving for the elderly living *** an application area desperately needed by society,this study envisions a caregiving system for the elderly living alone without violating personal privacy.

关键词： dual-mode pressure sensor homogeneous bonding all-in-onestructure indoor body area network node elderly caregiving microsystem

Cl^(-)ions accelerating interface charge transfer in a Si/In_(2)S_(3) Faradaic junction photocathode for solar seawater splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 2923-2929页

作者： Jun Luo Ruotong Bao Hongzheng Dong Ye Fu Dongjian Jiang Bo wang Yuzhan Zheng Qiong wang Wenjun Luo Zhigang Zou Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center(ERERC) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano TechnologyNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting is a promising low-cost method to produce green hydrogen in a large *** effects of Cl^(-)ions in seawater on the performance of a photoanode have been reported in previous ***,few researches have been done on the roles of Cl^(-)ions in a ***,for the first time,we find that Cl^(-)ions in the electrolyte improve the photocurrent of a Si/In_(2)S_(3) photocathode by 50% at-0.6 V_(RHE).An in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization combined with the time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry by simulating photoelectrochemical conditions was used to investigate the interface charge transfer *** results suggest that there is an In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)layer on the surface of In_(2)S_(3) in the phosphate buffer solution(PBS)electrolyte,which plays a role as an interface charge transfer mediator in the Si/In_(2)S_(3) *** In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)surface layer becomes In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(Cl)_(2x)in the PBS electrolyte with NaCl and accelerates the charge transfer rate at the In_(2)S_(3)/electrolyte *** results offer a new concept of regulating interface charge transfer mediator to enhance the performance of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production.

关键词： solar hydrogen production interface charge transfer mechanism coupled electron and ion transfer in-situ XPS characterization In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)surface layer

Multiple-dimensioned defect engineering for graphite felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery

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Carbon Energy 2024年第2期6卷 143-153页

作者： Yingqiao Jiang Yinhui wang Gang Cheng Yuehua Li Lei Dai Jing Zhu Wei Meng Jingyu Xi ling wang Zhangxing He School of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina

The scarcity of wettability,insufficient active sites,and low surface area of graphite felt(GF)have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Herein,an ultra-homogeneous multipledimensioned defect,including nano-scale etching and atomic-scale N,O codoping,was used to modify GF by the molten salt ***_(4)Cl and KClO_(3) were added simultaneously to the system to obtain porous N/O co-doped electrode(GF/ON),where KClO_(3) was used to ultra-homogeneously etch,and O-functionalize electrode,and NH4Cl was used as N dopant,***/ON presents better electrochemical catalysis for VO_(2)+/VO_(2)+ and V3+/V2+ reactions than only O-functionalized electrodes(GF/O)and *** enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to an increase in active sites,surface area,and wettability,as well as the synergistic effect of N and O,which is also supported by the density functional theory ***,the cell using GF/ON shows higher discharge capacity,energy efficiency,and stability for cycling performance than the pristine cell at 140 mA cm^(−2) for 200 ***,the energy efficiency of the modified cell is increased by 9.7% from 55.2% for the pristine cell at 260 mA cm^(−2).Such an ultra-homogeneous etching with N and O co-doping through“boiling”molten salt medium provides an effective and practical application potential way to prepare superior electrodes for VRFB.

关键词： graphite felt molten salt N O co-doping ultra-homogeneous etching vanadium redox flow battery

Enhancing electrolyte ion diffusion via direct ink writing pillar array structure of graphene electrodes for high-performance microsupercapacitors

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6203-6211页

作者： Yan Zhang Huandi Zhang Xiaoxiao wang Cheng Tang Xiaowei Shi Zehua Zhao Jiamei Liu Guolong wang Jianfeng Shen Lei Li State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong University28 Xianning West RoadXi’an 710049China Center for Materials Chemistry Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Instrument Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an Jiaotong University28 Xianning West RoadXi’an 710049China Institute of special materials and technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

The graphene-based microsupercapacitors(MSCs)suffer from graphene aggregation issue in *** reduces the electrolyte ions transportation in the electrodes to degrade the charge storage ability of MSCs,hampering their practical *** the electrolyte ions transportation in the electrodes can boost the charge storage ability of ***,we design and experimentally realize pillar array structure of graphene electrodes for MSCs by direct ink writing *** graphene electrodes with pillar array structure increase the contact area with electrolyte and short the electrolyte ions transport path,facilitating electrolyte ions transport in *** MSCs exhibit high areal capacitance of 25.67 mF·cm^(−2),high areal energy density of 20.54μWh·cm^(−2),and high power density of 1.45 mW·cm^(−2).One single MSCs can power timer for 10 min and pressure sensor more than 160 min,showing high practical application *** work provides a new avenue for developing high performance MSCs.

关键词： microsupercapacitors pillar array structure direct ink writing areal energy density ion transport

Boosting reversible charging of Li-ion batteries at low temperatures by a synergy of propylene carbonate-based electrolyte and defective graphite

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1491-1499页

作者： Yingqiang Wu Jiao Zhang Jinli Liu Li Sheng Bo Zhang Limin wang Siqi Shi Li wang Hong Xu Xiangming He Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Changchun 130022China China National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Industrial Explosive Materials Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Propylene carbonate(PC)-based electrolytes have exhibited significant advantages in boosting the low-temperature discharging of graphite-based Li-ion ***,it is still unclear whether they can improve the charging property and suppress lithium *** this topic is challenging due to the problem of electrochemical *** overcome this issue,we introduced graphite with phase *** results show that the pouch-type full batteries using PC-based electrolyte exhibit steady performance over 500 cycles and can be reversibly charged over 30 times at-20℃ with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.95%,while the corresponding value for the conventional ethylene carbonate(EC)-based electrolyte sample is only 31.20%.This indicates that the use of PC-based electrolyte significantly suppresses lithium plating during low-temperature *** further demonstrate that the improved performance is mainly attributed to the unique solvation structure,where PF-6more anions participate in solvation,leading to the formation of a stable F-rich solid state electrolyte interface on the graphite surface and a lower reduction tendency of Li+*** work inspires new ideas for the design of PC-based electrolytes for low-temperature charging and fast-charging batteries.

关键词： lithium-ion batteries graphite propylene carbonate low-temperature charging

从重度残疾人护理补贴到长期护理保险——基于日本、德国经验借鉴研究

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西部学刊 2024年第12期 59-62页

作者：王瑞西南交通大学公共管理学院成都610031

当前,我国围绕重度残疾人护理问题加大制度供给,取得了一定的社会成效。但护理补贴有限,在符合残疾人家庭期望、满足残疾人护理需求以及瞄准偏误等方面仍存在问题。通过梳理日本、德国两国在残疾人福利补贴制度和残疾人长期护理保险制... 详细信息

当前,我国围绕重度残疾人护理问题加大制度供给,取得了一定的社会成效。但护理补贴有限,在符合残疾人家庭期望、满足残疾人护理需求以及瞄准偏误等方面仍存在问题。通过梳理日本、德国两国在残疾人福利补贴制度和残疾人长期护理保险制度方面的做法,旨在为我国建立重度残疾人长期护理保险制度提供借鉴和参考:(一)促进老年人与残疾人两个护理人群的覆盖与制度融合,建立科学的护理需求评估办法;(二)促进非正式护理发展,重视对家庭护理的支持;(三)建立独立的筹资体系,避免过度依赖医疗保险进行筹资;(四)促进护理服务业的发展。

关键词：残疾人护理长期护理保险残疾人福利德国日本

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灾害应急通信自组网与航迹优化研究

现代电子技术 2024年第19期47卷 8-13页

作者：高睿王霄徐凌桦贵州大学电气工程学院贵州贵阳550025

针对灾害场景下的应急通信网络恢复问题,提出一种分布式无人机部署方法,旨在利用无人机在通信网络受损的灾区建立多跳自组织网络,为该地区提供应急通信服务。首先,定义了无人机自组网约束函数、三维空间搜索方向约束函数和障碍物约束函... 详细信息

针对灾害场景下的应急通信网络恢复问题,提出一种分布式无人机部署方法,旨在利用无人机在通信网络受损的灾区建立多跳自组织网络,为该地区提供应急通信服务。首先,定义了无人机自组网约束函数、三维空间搜索方向约束函数和障碍物约束函数,将无人机辅助的多跳自组织网络问题抽象为基于规则法的目标函数;其次,改进了惯性权重和学习因子来提高粒子群算法的全局搜索效率和准确性,并设计多跳自组织网络无人机部署算法,以保证无人机能够以最优的航迹进行自组织网络部署;最后,通过计算目标函数进行无人机部署,并绘制无人机的三维部署航迹图。设计仿真样例对基于规则法的多跳自组织网络无人机部署方法进行验证,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。

关键词：无人机自组织网络避障控制规则法粒子群算法航迹优化三维部署节能部署

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Role of heterogenous microstructure and deformation behavior in achieving superior strength-ductility synergy in zinc fabricated via laser powder bed fusion

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 225-245页

作者： Zhi Dong Changjun Han Yanzhe Zhao Jinmiao Huang Chenrong ling Gaoling Hu Yunhui wang Di wang Changhui Song Yongqiang Yang School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641People's Republic of China

Zinc(Zn)is considered a promising biodegradable metal for implant applications due to its appropriate degradability and favorable osteogenesis *** this work,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing was employed to fabricate pure Zn with a heterogeneous microstructure and exceptional strength-ductility *** optimized processing window of LPBF was established for printing Zn samples with relative densities greater than 99%using a laser power range of 80∼90 W and a scanning speed of 900 mm s−*** Zn sample printed with a power of 80 W at a speed of 900 mm s−1 exhibited a hierarchical heterogeneous microstructure consisting of millimeter-scale molten pool boundaries,micrometer-scale bimodal grains,and nanometer-scale pre-existing dislocations,due to rapid cooling rates and significant thermal gradients formed in the molten *** printed sample exhibited the highest ductility of∼12.1%among all reported LPBF-printed pure Zn to date with appreciable ultimate tensile strength(∼128.7 MPa).Such superior strength-ductility synergy can be attributed to the presence of multiple deformation mechanisms that are primarily governed by heterogeneous deformation-induced hardening resulting from the alternative arrangement of bimodal Zn grains with pre-existing ***,continuous strain hardening was facilitated through the interactions between deformation twins,grains and dislocations as strain accumulated,further contributing to the superior strength-ductility *** findings provide valuable insights into the deformation behavior and mechanisms underlying exceptional mechanical properties of LPBF-printed Zn and its alloys for implant applications.

关键词： laser powder bed fusion zinc heterogeneous microstructure bimodal grains strength-ductility synergy